Module 2: Steady-state heat conduction

 Fourier’s law
dq dT dq dT
=−kA ∨ =−kA
dt dx dA dx

A=area of the body perpendicular ¿ the direction of heat flow

q=rate of heat flow through thebody
T =temeparature
x=length of heat flow path
k = proportionality constant ∨thermal conductibity

o One dimensional steady-state heat flow

q dT
=−k
A dx
x2 T2
q
dx=−k ∫ dT
A∫x 1 T 1

q
( x −x )=−k ( T 2 −T 1 )
A 2 1
driving force
if rate of transfer process=
resistance

q T 1−T 2
heat flux= =
A x 2−x 1
k

where
T 1>T 2

driving force=T 1−T 2

x 2−x 1
Resistance=
kA

 Single resistance
o Flat slab or wall

o Hollow Cylinder
 q dT
=−k
A dr

q dT
=−k
2 πrL dr
ro T2
q
r dr=−k ∫ dT
2 πL ∫
r i T 1

q ro
2 πL
ln
ri ( )
=k ( T 1−T 2 )

2 πL
q=k ( T 1−T 2 )
ro
ln
( )
ri

2 πL r −r
q=k ( T 1−T 2 ) × o i
r r 0 −r i
( )
ln o
ri

r o−r i ( T 1 −T 2 )
q=2 πLk ×
ro r o −r i
ln ( )
ri

2 πL r o −2 πL r i A o− A i
if logarithmic mean area= A L= =
2 πL r o A
2 πL r i
lnln o
(
Ai ) ( )
r −r
¿ logarithmic meanradius=r l= o i
r
ln o
ri ( )
T 1−T 2
q=k Al
r o −r i

r o−r i
Resistance=
k AL
 r o−r i
For thin wall: r =
2