Bab 3

Konduksi 1D-Steady State

Perpindahan Panas dan Massa-Teknik Mesin ITERA 1

Conduction Analysis
• Select equation with correct type of coordinate (Cartesian, cylindrical
or spherical) and assumption (no heat generated, steady state)
• Select boundary or initial conditions
• Solve for temperature distribution
• Use Fourier Law to obtain heat flux

Perpindahan Panas dan Massa-Teknik Mesin ITERA 2

The Plane Wall
• Heat Equations

• Boundary Conditions:

T ( 0 ) = Ts ,1, T ( L ) = Ts ,2
• Temperature Distribution

T ( x ) = Ts,1 + (Ts,2 − Ts,1 )

x
L

Perpindahan Panas dan Massa-Teknik Mesin ITERA 3

 Thermal Resistance
Conduction in a plane wall

1 L 1
Rtot = + +
h1 A kA h 2 A
Convection T,1 − T,2
• Radiation Resistance: qx =
Rtot
1
Rt ,rad =
hr A
hr =  (Ts + Tsur ) ( Ts2
+ Tsur
2
)
Perpindahan Panas dan Massa-Teknik Mesin ITERA 4
Perpindahan Panas dan Massa-Teknik Mesin ITERA 5
Perpindahan Panas dan Massa-Teknik Mesin ITERA 6
Cylindrical Wall
Heat Equation (1D, SS)
1 d  dT 
 kr =0
r dr  dr 
Ts ,1 − Ts ,2 r
T (r ) = ln   + Ts ,2
ln ( r1 / r2 )  r2 

Perpindahan Panas dan Massa-Teknik Mesin ITERA 7

Spherical Shell
1 d  2 dT 
2 dr 
r =0
r  dr 

T ( r ) = Ts ,1 − (Ts ,1 − Ts ,2 )
( )
1 − r1/ r
(
1 − r1 / r 2 )
qr = −k
dT
= 2
k
dr r (1/ r1 ) − (1/ r2 ) 
( Ts ,1 − Ts ,2 )

Rt ,cond =
(1/ r1 ) − (1/ r2 )
4 k 4 k
qr = 4 r qr =
2
(Ts,1 − Ts,2 )
(1/ r1 ) − (1/ r2 )
Perpindahan Panas dan Massa-Teknik Mesin ITERA 8
Perpindahan Panas dan Massa-Teknik Mesin ITERA 9
1D Conduction with Thermal Energy Generation
• Heat Equation:
d  dT  d 2
T q
k +q=0→ 2 + =0
dx  dx  dx k
T ( x ) = − ( q / 2k ) x + C1 x + C2
2

Boundary Conditions:
Temperature at both surfaces 1 and 2 are known

−hAs (Ts − T ) + q As L = 0
Heat Balance at the surface

qL
Ts = T +
h
Perpindahan Panas dan Massa-Teknik Mesin ITERA 10
Extended Surfaces and Fins
Fin Equations
• 1D, SS, constant k, uniform cross-sectional area, no heat generated.

d 2T hP Boundary Conditions:
2
− (T − T ) = 0 Base (x = 0) condition
dx kAc
 ( 0 ) = Tb − T  b
m  ( hP / kAc )
2
Tip ( x = L) conditions
  T − T A. Convection: − kd / dx |x = L = h ( L )
B. Adiabatic: d / dx |x = L = 0
d 2
2
−m  =0
2 C. Fixed temperature:  ( L ) =  L
dx D. Infinite fin (mL  2.65):  ( L ) = 0
Perpindahan Panas dan Massa-Teknik Mesin ITERA 11
Temperature Distribution and Heat Loss

Perpindahan Panas dan Massa-Teknik Mesin ITERA 12

Fin Performance
• Fin Heat Rate

d
q f = −kAc |x =0 =  h ( x ) dAs
dx Af
• Fin Efficiency
qf qf
f  =
• Fin Effectiveness
qf , max hAf b
qf
f 
hAc,bb
• Fin Resistance
b 1
Rt , f  =
q f hAf  f
Perpindahan Panas dan Massa-Teknik Mesin ITERA 13
Efficiency of straight fins (rectangular, triangular, and parabolic profiles)

Perpindahan Panas dan Massa-Teknik Mesin ITERA 14

Perpindahan Panas dan Massa-Teknik Mesin ITERA 15
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Perpindahan Panas dan Massa-Teknik Mesin ITERA 17