A. Basic Sleep Science
Arousal and Behavior
0198
THE EFFECTS OF SLEEP RESTRICTION ON FOOD
INTAKE: THE IMPORTANCE OF INDIVIDUAL
CHARACTERISTICS
Brunet J1, McNeil J2, Jaeger Hintze L3, Blais C1, Doucet E3, Forest G1
1
Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, CANADA,
2 to monitor activity patterns of A. cahirinus in light and dark con-
Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, CANADA, 3University of
Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CANADA
Introduction:  Acute sleep restriction (SR) often leads to an increase
in energy intake (EI). However, large variability in food intake is often
observed, which suggests that individual factors may affect EI after
SR. The objective of this study was to explore the influence of per-
sonality traits (excitement seeking, impulsiveness and sense of com-
petence), implicit attitudes toward food, and sensitivity to reward and
punishment on EI after sleep loss.
Methods: Seventeen subjects (11men; 18-33y) completed a per-
sonality inventory (NEO-PI-3), an Implicit Association Test (IAT;
this test measures implicit attitudes toward healthy and unhealthy
foods), and the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward
Questionnaire (SPSRQ). Ad libitum EI over 24h was assessed fol-
lowing an habitual sleep night and a 50% SR held during the second
half of the night. The difference in EI between sleep conditions (∆EI)
was calculated for each subject. Correlations between ∆EI and sub-
scales of the NEO-PI-3, IAT score and SPSRQ scores were computed.
A multiple linear regression model was performed to examine the
unique contribution of each variable that was significantly associated
with ∆EI. We controlled for gender, resting energy expenditure and
fat% in these analysis.
Results:  ∆EI was associated with excitement seeking (r=-0.70,
p<0.01) and IAT score (r=0.70, p<0.01), suggesting that less excite-
ment seeking and more positive attitudes towards unhealthy food lead
to greater EI after SR. Impulsiveness, sense of competence and SPSRQ
scores were not associated with ∆EI. Multiple linear regression mod-
eling demonstrated that excitement seeking and implicit attitudes
collectively explain 62% of the variance in EI after SR (p<0.001).
Excitement seeking was the largest predictor (β=-0.63, p<0.01), fol-
lowed by implicit attitudes (β=0.40, p<0.05).
Conclusion: These results suggest that excitement seeking and
implicit attitudes toward food are key factors in explaining variations in
EI after sleep loss. Since implicit attitudes are strongly related to edu-
cational and personal beliefs/values and personality traits are shaped by
early life experiences which tend to remain stable over time, addressing
weight gain issues in sleep restriction settings (e.g. rotating shifts) may
be more challenging than simply addressing eating behaviors.
Support (If Any):  including benzodiazepines and non-benzodiazepines. Activation of
0199
CHARACTERIZING SLEEP, CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS, AND
EYE CLOSURE IN ACOMYS CAHIRINUS (CAIRO SPINY
MOUSE)
Wang C1, Guerriero LE1, Ajwad AA2, Huffman DM2, Sunderam S2,
Brooks TC1, Seifert AW1, O’Hara BF1
1
Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY,
2
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky,
Lexington, KY
Introduction:  In order to better understand the functions and origins
of sleep, sleep should be studied across a variety of species. We aim
to characterize sleep and wake in Acomys cahirinus, the Cairo spiny
mouse. Few studies on the circadian activity of this species are avail-
able and nothing is known of their sleep behavior. Therefore, we have
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V.
begun to characterize sleep, circadian rhythms, and eye closure for this
species (A. cahirinus) in greater detail and alongside the well-studied
house mouse (Mus musculus).
Methods:  Sleep and wake states were determined using a piezoe-
lectric system for individually housed mice for 7 days under 12:12
LD condition. Four infrared cameras were set up around the cage
ditions. Starting with one mouse, two more were added to the cage
every four days ending with a total of five to study the effect of
group housing on activity. Then, mice were surgically instrumented
for tethered electroencephalogram (EEG) recording. To research eye
closure of A. cahirinus, we set up a light flashing experiment to
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challenge the eye.
Results:  We found A. cahirinus and M. musculus to be primarily noc-
turnal, but with distinct behavioral patterns. The activity of A. cahiri-
nus sharply increases at dark onset, but surprisingly, decreases sharply
just one hour later. A. cahirinus is more active in the first half of the
night than the second half in both single and group housing. Based on
EEG analysis, A. cahirinus sleeps more than Mus during both day and
night. The proportion of REM is significantly higher (nearly tripled).
The proportion of wakefulness is more in the first half of the night.
We also found that A. cahirinus do not close their eyes during sleep
periods of the day or night, even with lights flashing.
Conclusion:  A. cahirinus has different sleep and circadian behavior
than the standard laboratory nocturnal mouse. They sleep more than
Mus during both daytime and night time. REM percentage is signif-
icantly higher.
Support (If Any): NSF and OISE (IOS-1353713), NIH grant
NS083218, Kentucky Cabinet for Economic Development.
0200
DIRECT ACTIVATION OF G-PROTEIN-COUPLED INWARD
RECTIFYING K+ CHANNELS PROMOTE SLEEP IN
RODENTS
Xie X1, Zou B1, Cao W1, Pascual C1, Xiao K1, Guan Z2, Lindsley C3,
Weaver C3, Fang J2
1
AfaSci Research Laboratories, Redwood City, CA, 22Department
of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine,
Hershey, PA, 3Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University
School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
Introduction:  The most common type of sleep disorder is insomnia
which is characterized by difficulty falling asleep and/or maintain-
ing sleep. Chronic insomniacs respond poorly to current treatments
G-protein-gated inward rectifying K channels (GIRKs) by GABAB
agonists baclofen or γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) predominantly pro-
mote non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep in rodents and humans.
GHB especially reduces sleep fragmentation in narcoleptic patients.
The present study explored the link between direct GIRK activation
and sleep regulation in rodents using our potent and selective GIRK
channel activator ML297.
Methods:  Whole-cell patch clamp recordings from hypocretin/orex-
in-EGFP neurons and extracellular recordings of mouse hippocampal
CA1 area in mouse brain slices were made to study cellular and syn-
aptic actions of ML297. Wake activity and locomotion were measured
using the noninvasive behavior monitoring system SmartCageTM.
Furthermore, wakefulness, REM and NREM sleep were determined
using the electroencephalogram/electromyogram (EEG/EMG) in wild
type mice (C57BL/C) implanted with electrodes.
Results: Bath-application of ML297 (5µM) hyperpolarized rest-
ing potential, decreased membrane input resistance and blocked
SLEEP, Volume 40, Abstract Supplement, 2017
A. Basic Sleep Science
spontaneous firing of action potentials in hypocretin/orexin neurons.
These actions were reversed after prolonged washout. ML297 (5–50µM)
produced no significant effects on normal synaptic activity measured by
input-output of field postsynaptic excitatory potentials and an evoked
single population of spikes in the hippocampal CA1 area, suggesting
ML297 principally causes long-lasting postsynaptic inhibition. Using
our noninvasive SmartCageTM system we observed that ML297 (30mg/
kg, i.p.) caused a prolonged inhibition of wake activity and locomotion
in mice. The EEG/EMG recordings confirmed that ML297 (30mg/kg,
i.p.) significantly decreased wakefulness and revealed an increase in
NREM sleep without affecting REM sleep in mice.
Conclusion:  The present study for the first time has demonstrated that
direct action of GIRK produces similar sleep regulation to GABAB
receptor-mediated modulation. Since GIRKs channels are predomi-
nantly expressed in principal excitatory neurons, inhibition of neuronal
excitability and depression of the arousal system may powerfully mod-
ulate sleep. Direct GIRK activators may present an innovative approach
for treatment of chronic insomnia as well as other sleep disorders.
Support (If Any): This work was supported by NIH grants: R42
HL084990, R44 AG043203, and R44 NS086343.
0201
EFFECTS OF INTRAPERITONEAL INJECTION OF
GINGKOLIDES AND BILOBALIDE ON SLEEP STUDY IN
MICE
Yamaguchi M1,2, Sakai N1, Muraki H3, Kawazoe Y4, Shiba T1,2,4,
Manabe A2, Nishino S1
1
Stanford Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 2Department of Conservative
Dentistry, Division of Aesthetic Dentistry and Clinical Cariology,
Showa University, Tokyo, JAPAN, 3Sleep Medical Center, Osaka
Kaisei Hospital, Osaka, JAPAN, 4RegeneTiss,Inc., Tokyo, JAPAN
Introduction:  Ginkgo biloba extract is one of the most broadly used
herbal medicines world wide. Ginkgolide A, B, C and Bilobalide are
active ingredients of extracts from Ginkgo biloba leaves/nuts. They
have various medical functions such as increasing cerebral blood flow,
reducing metabolism, antiviral, hepatoprotective, and antidementia
properties. Therapeutic benefits of this herbal medicine in neurolog-
ical disorders and sleep disturbance of depressed patients were also
reported. In mice, Ginkgolide B and Bilobalide shorten the sleep time
induced by anesthetics and increases latency to sleep onset of barbi-
tal-induced narcosis. However to date, there are no reports on effects of
Ginkgo biloba’s active ingredients on physiological sleep. We therefore
evaluated the effects of Gingkolides and Bilobalide on sleep in mice.
Methods:  C57BL/6 male mice aged 15 weeks were surgically prepared
for EEG/EMG electrodes. In order to evaluate the locomotor activity,
a telemetry-implanting device was implanted each mouse. Each group
of 8 animals were injected intraperitoneally with Gingkolide A, B, C
and Bilobalide for two doses (0.5 mg/kg, 5.0 mg/kg and vehicle). The
sleep stages of each 10-second epoch were scored for 6 hours.
Results:  We found significant wake-promoting effects by Ginkgolide
B; effects were dose-dependent and a 18% increase in wakefulness was
observed after 5.0 mg/kg injection. NREM sleep declined accordingly,
but no change in sleep latency was observed. Milder wake-promot-
ing effects (8% increase at 5.0 mg/kg) were observed with Bilobalide.
5.0 mg/kg of Bilobalide shortened sleep latency (vechile, 26 min vs.
5.0 mg/kg, 14 min) and reduced locomotor activity. Ginkgolide A and
C had little effects on sleep/wake amount, but both significantly pro-
longed sleep latencies (vehicle, 17 min vs. 5.0 mg/kg of A, 30 min;
vehicle, 17 min vs. 5.0 mg/kg of C, 22 min).
Conclusion: We confirmed that extracts of Ginkgo biloba have
pharmacological properties to modify sleep and wake. Interestingly,
SLEEP, Volume 40, Abstract Supplement, 2017
V. Arousal and Behavior
different effects on sleep/wake were observed depending on the active
ingredients of extracts. Of note, wake-promoting effects of Ginkgolide
B may be a relatively potent in foods, and further studies are warranted.
Support (If Any): 
0202
OBJECTIVE AND SUBJECTIVE SLEEPINESS FOLLOWING
DAYTIME NAPS UNDER CONDITIONS OF CHRONIC
SLEEP RESTRICTION
Hilditch CJ1, Saletin JM1, Dement WC2, Carskadon MA1
1
E.P. Bradley Hospital Sleep and Chronobiology Research
Laboratory, Providence, RI, 2Department of Psychiatry and
Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/sleep/article-abstract/40/suppl_1/A73/3781407 by guest on 22 February 2020
Behavioral Sciences, Stanford Center for Sleep Sciences and
Medicine, Palo Alto, CA.
Introduction: Napping is a useful countermeasure to sleepiness
resulting from acute sleep loss; however, the efficacy of naps to reduce
sleepiness resulting from chronic sleep restriction is less well under-
stood. This study assessed the impact of an afternoon nap on subjective
and objective sleepiness during chronic sleep restriction.
Methods: Following one adaptation and two baseline nights (time-
in-bed, TIB: 2200h-0800h), participants were restricted to six nights
of 5 h TIB (0300h-0800h). N=10 young adult males participated in a
no-nap condition; 9 others were assigned to a 45-min nap opportunity
provided at 1300h following each night of sleep restriction. Sleepiness
was assessed using multiple sleep latency tests (objective) administered
every two hours from 0930h, and a visual analogue scale of sleepiness
(subjective) administered every 30 min from 0800h. Nighttime and nap
sleep were recorded using standard polysomnography. Sleepiness meas-
ures during the restriction protocol were normalized as a percentage
each participant’s baseline levels.
Results: Overall mean nap sleep time was 33.5  ± 11 
min, with
no change across days (F(5,40)=1.25, p=0.30). Sleep time across
restricted-sleep nights did not differ between groups (overall mean:
33 ± 8 min; F(5,85)=0.26, p=0.93). Objective sleepiness was signifi-
cantly improved (F(2,34)=3.44, p=0.044) in the nap group relative to
the no nap group for 4 h after the nap (changes from baseline sleep
onset latency: nap group = 0 ± 4 min; no nap group = -6 ± 5 min), but not
for the later trials (nap group = -3 ± 4 min; no nap group = -5 ± 5 min).
Objective sleepiness within the nap group did not differ from their
baseline levels for the 4 h after the nap. Nap-related improvements in
subjective sleepiness only emerged later in the day (9.5–12.5 h after the
nap; F(2,34)=3.73, p=0.034). Critically, neither the immediate benefit
to objective sleepiness nor the delayed subjective sleepiness gains, per-
sisted in the morning after the next night of restricted sleep.
Conclusion:  Daytime naps effected short-lived benefits to objective
and subjective sleepiness under chronic sleep restriction. The profile of
benefits showed immediate objective improvements following the nap
and delayed subjective improvement. The brief daytime nap was not
associated with improvements the following morning.
Support (If Any):  Endeavour Research Fellowship.
0203
THE EFFECT OF EXPERIMENTALLY MANIPULATING
NAP FREQUENCY ON NIGHTTIME SLEEP QUALITY: AN
ACTIGRAPHY STUDY
Hernandez LT1, McDevitt EA1, Cellini N1, Duggan KA2,
Granados S1, Mednick SC1
1
University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 2University of
Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
Introduction: Whether and how daytime sleep impacts nighttime
sleep is unclear. Here, we examined the causal relationship between
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