‫‪ 6.

11‬ﺩﻟﻳﻝ ﺑﺣﺳﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺎﻉ‬

‫ﺇﻣﺩﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻳﺎﻩ ﻣﻁﻠﺏ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﻥ ﺃﺟﻝ ﺍﻟﺣﻳﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺻﺣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻛﺭﺍﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﻠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﺎﻩ ﻭﺗﻭﻓﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﻭﺍﺭﺉ ﺍﻋﺗﻣﺎﺩًﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻵﺗﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻁﺑﻳﻌﺔ ﻭﺣﺟﻡ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﻭﺍﺭﺉ ﻣﺛﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﻳﺿﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺟﻔﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻳﻘﻠﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺩﺍﺩﺍﺕ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺿﺭﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺑﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺛﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺎﺥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺳﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺟﻭﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻣﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺟﻳﻭﻟﻭﺟﻳﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺣﺿﺭ ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﺭﻳﻑ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺳﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺿﺭﺭﻳﻥ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺑﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺛﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻛﺛﺎﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻣﻣﺎﺭﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺻﺣﻳﺔ ﻭﻣﻣﺎﺭﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻧﻅﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺟﻭﺩﺓ ﻣﺳﺑﻘﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺛﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﻭﺍﺭﺉ ﺍﻟﺷﺩﻳﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻗﺩ ﻻ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﻫﻧﺎﻙ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻛﻔﻲ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﺎﻩ ﻟﺗﻠﺑﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﺣﺗﻳﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺣﻳﻧﺋﺫ ﻳﺟﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﻁﻰ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻭﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ ﺍﺣﺗﻳﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺑﻘﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﺣﻳﺎﺓ )ﺍﻟﺷﺭﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﻬﻲ( ﻟﻠﺟﻣﻳﻊ‪ ،‬ﻳﻠﻳﻬﺎ ﻧﻬﺞ ﻣﺭﺣﻠﻲ ﻟﺗﻠﺑﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﺣﺗﻳﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻳﺔ ﻛﻠﻣﺎ ﺗﺣﺳﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺿﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫‪Adam Bacher for Mercy Corps,‬‬ ‫ﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺻﻭﺭﺓ‪:‬‬
‫‪Haiti‬‬

‫ﺗﻭﻓﻳﺭ ﻣﻳﺎﻩ ﻛﺎﻓﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﻭﺍﺭﺉ‬

‫ﺳﻳﺗﺄﺛﺭ ﺍﺧﺗﻳﺎﺭ ﻣﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻣﻼﺋﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻭﺍﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﻟﻳﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺋﻠﺔ ﺭﺋﻳﺳﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻧﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﻭﺗﻭﺍﻓﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺇﻧﺗﺎﺟﻳﺗﻬﺎ ﻭﻧﻭﻋﻳﺗﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺑﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺛﺎﻝ ﺣﻔﺭ ﺍﻵﺑﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻵﺑﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻧﻬﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺟﻣﻊ ﻣﻳﺎﻩ‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻳﻳﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺎﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﺻﺣﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺗﺄﻫﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻁﻠﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺑﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﺛﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺍﺯﻡ ﺍﻟﺣﺿﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺿﺦ‪ /‬ﺍﻷﻧﺎﺑﻳﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻧﻅﻳﻑ ﺍﻵﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻳﺿﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻣﺎﺭﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺻﺣﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﻠﻳﺔ؟‬
‫ﺍﻟﻛﻣﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﺛﻝ ﺍﻟﻛﻣﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻣﻥ ﺃﺟﻝ ﺍﻟﺑﻘﺎء‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻧﻅﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺎﺷﻳﺔ‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻛﻣﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺏ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺳﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺿﺭﺭﻳﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺧﺎﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﺣﺗﻣﻝ ﻣﻭﺍﺟﻬﺗﻬﺎ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺍﻟﺣﺻﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﺎﻩ‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻗﺑﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻋﺗﺑﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺳﻳﺎﺳﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﻣﺛﻝ ﺗﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﻠﻛﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺣﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻻﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻛﺎﻟﻳﻑ‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﺟﻣﻭﻋﺎﺕ؟‬
‫ﻳﻔﺿﻝ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﻣﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺟﻭﻓﻳﺔ ﻣﺛﻝ ﺍﻟﻳﻧﺎﺑﻳﻊ ﻷﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺗﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﺣﺩ ﺍﻷﺩﻧﻰ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ‪ .‬ﻛﻣﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﺎﻩ ﻭﺟﻭﺩﺗﻬﺎ ﻋﻧﺻﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﻬﻣﺎﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺎﺣﺔ؟‬
‫ﻭﻟﻛﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﻭﺍﺭﺉ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻁﻰ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻭﻳﺔ ﻟﺗﻭﻓﻳﺭ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻛﻔﻲ ﻟﻠﺑﻘﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﺣﻳﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﺣﺗﻰ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺕ ﻣﺗﻭﺳﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺟﻭﺩﺓ‪ .‬ﻛﻣﺎ ﻳﻧﺑﻐﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻭﻗﻊ ﻭﺣﻣﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺛﺭ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺋﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺗﺩﺍﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻐﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺳﻣﻳﺔ ﻣﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻋﺗﺑﺎﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﻳﻥ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﻟﻠﻣﻳﺎﻩ ﺍﻷﻗﺭﺏ ‪ /‬ﺍﻷﻛﺛﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻼﺋﻣﺔ؟‬
‫ﻛﻣﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﺗﻠﺑﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﺣﺗﻳﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺑﻘﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﺣﻳﺎﺓ )ﻛﺗﻳﺏ ﺃﺳﻔﻳﺭ(‬ ‫ﻛﻳﻑ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺣﻣﺎﻳﺗﻬﺎ؟‬
‫ﺗﻌﺗﻣﺩ ﻛﻣﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﺗﻠﺑﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﺣﺗﻳﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻳﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺣﺩ ﻛﺑﻳﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺳﻳﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﻠﻲ ﺑﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺎﺥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺗﻁﻠﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺷﻳﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﺎﻩ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺑﺦ ﻭﻣﻣﺎﺭﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻧﻅﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻋﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻧﺳﺎء‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻣﺎﺭﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺎﻓﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻳﻧﻳﺔ ﻣﺛﻝ ﺍﻟﻐﺳﻝ ﻗﺑﻝ ﺍﻟﺻﻼﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺧﺎﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﻠﻭﺙ؟‬
‫ﻫﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﺎﻩ ﺿﺭﻭﺭﻳﺔ؟‬
‫ﻳﻌﺗﻣﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺎﺥ‪ ،‬ﺣﺟﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺗﻳﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺑﻘﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﺣﻳﺎﺓ )ﺍﻟﺷﺭﺏ ‪ 3 -2.5‬ﻟﺗﺭ‪ /‬ﻳﻭﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻁﻌﺎﻡ(‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺭ ﻛﺫﻟﻙ‪ ،‬ﺃﻳﻥ ﻳﺟﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺗﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ؟‬
‫ﻳﻌﺗﻣﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﻳﻳﺭ ﺍﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺛﻘﺎﻓﻳﺔ‬ ‫‪ 6 – 2‬ﻟﺗﺭ‪ /‬ﻳﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻣﻣﺎﺭﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺻﺣﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻗﺏ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺗﻣﻠﺔ؟‬
‫ﻳﻌﺗﻣﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍء ﻭﺍﻷﻋﺭﺍﻑ‬ ‫‪ 6 – 3‬ﻟﺗﺭ‪ /‬ﻳﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺗﻳﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﺑﺦ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻭﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﺎﻩ‬
‫ﻛﻳﻑ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺗﻭﺯﻳﻊ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻛﻔﻲ ﻣﻥ ﻣﻳﺎﻩ ﺁﻣﻧﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺟﻭﺩﺓ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﺎﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﻭﺍﺭﺉ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻗﺻﻰ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻳﺔ ﻣﻣﻛﻧﺔ؟‬
‫ﺗﻘﻳﻳﻡ ﻣﺧﺎﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﻠﻭﺙ ﻭﺗﺣﺩﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﻣﺎﺭﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺻﺣﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺩﺍﺑﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺗﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺑﻳﻥ ﻓﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﺎﻩ ﻭﺍﻟﺻﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺻﺣﻲ‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﻫﻝ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺣﺻﻝ ﺍﻟﺟﻣﻳﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺎء‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺳﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺿﺭﺭﻳﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺳﻬﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﺃﻣﺎﻥ؟‬
‫ﻓﻬﻡ ﺍﻷﻋﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﻣﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﺎﻩ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﻳﻔﺿﻝ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﻏﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﻣﻳﺔ ﻣﺛﻝ ﺍﻷﻧﻬﺎﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺑﺣﻳﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻵﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻧﻘﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺧﺯﻳﻥ‬
‫ً‬
‫ﻏﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﻣﻳﺔ ﺑﺳﺑﺏ ﻁﻌﻣﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻼءﻣﺗﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺣﻔﺎﻅﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺳﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺟﺳﺩﻳﺔ ﻣﺛﻝ ﺍﻟﺣﺻﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﺎﻩ ﻣﻥ ﻧﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻗﻊ ﺣﻳﺙ ﺗﻐﺳﻝ‬ ‫ﻛﻳﻑ ﺳﻳﺗﻡ ﺗﺧﺯﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﺎﻩ ﻭﻧﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺷﺭﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻼﺑﺱ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺯﻟﻲ؟‬
‫ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺗﻠﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺻﺎﻟﺣﺔ ﻟﻠﺷﺭﺏ ﺃﺛﻧﺎء ﺍﻟﺣﺻﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻳﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻧﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺧﺯﻳﻧﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻟﺫﺍ ﻭﻓﺭ ﺣﺎﻭﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﺔ ﻭﺃﺟﺭﻱ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺻﻭﺭﺓ‪ :‬ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺎﻋﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺑﺻﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﺑﺭﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ ﻋﻧﺩ ﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﺎﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺻﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺻﺣﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻧﻅﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺻﺣﻳﺔ‬
‫‪http://ceecis.org/washtraining/in‬‬
‫ﻋﺎﻟﺞ ﺟﻣﻳﻊ ﺇﻣﺩﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﻣﻳﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﺏ ﻋﻧﺩﻣﺎ ﻳﻛﻭﻥ ﻫﻧﺎﻙ ﺗﻬﺩﻳﺩ ﺑﺎﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﻭﺑﺎء ﺍﻹﺳﻬﺎﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪dex.html‬‬
‫ﺗﺳﻬﻳﻝ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺳﺗﻭﻯ ﺍﻷﺳﺭﺓ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺗﻌﺫﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ ﻋﻧﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﺻﺩﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺭﻛﺯﻳﺎ ً‪ .‬ﺳﺗﻌﺗﻣﺩ ﺍﻟﺧﻳﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺻﺣﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺋﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺗﻣﻠﺔ )ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺩﻫﻭﺭ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﺿﻲ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻭﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻣﺎﺭﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺻﺣﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)ﺍﻧﻅﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ ﻟﻠﺣﺻﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﺑﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻐﻠﻳﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻛﻠﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺗﻌﻘﻳﻡ ﺍﻟﺷﻣﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺭﺷﻳﺢ ﺍﻟﺳﻳﺭﺍﻣﻳﻙ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺭﺷﻳﺢ ﺍﻟﺭﻣﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺑﻁﻲء‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺭﻭﻳﺏ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﺗﻁﻬﻳﺭ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺳﻬﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﺭﻭﻳﺞ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻭﻋﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ ﻭﺗﺩﺭﻳﺑﻪ ﻭﻣﺭﺍﻗﺑﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺗﻣﺭﺓ ﺑﺎﻋﺗﺑﺎﺭﻫﻡ ﺟﺯء ﻻ ﻳﺗﺟﺯﺃ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺭﺗﻘﺎء‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺑﻣﺳﺗﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻧﻅﺎﻓﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺩﻳﻝ ﺣﺎﻭﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﺎﻩ ﻭﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺣﺻﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻳﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺛﻝ ﺍﻟﺻﻧﺎﺑﻳﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻣﺿﺧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻳﺩﻭﻳﺔ ﻟﺗﻼﺋﻡ ﻛﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﻁﻔﺎﻝ ﺫﻭﻱ ﺍﻹﻋﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺭﺿﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺗﺿﺭﺭﻳﻥ ﻣﻥ ﻓﻳﺭﻭﺱ ﻧﻘﺹ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺑﺷﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻳﺩﺯ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﺷﺭﺍﻙ ﺍﻟﺳﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﺿﺭﺭﻳﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺍﻟﻧﺳﺎء ﻓﻲ ﺍﺧﺗﻳﺎﺭ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﺎﻩ ﻭﺗﺻﻣﻳﻡ ﻣﺭﺍﻓﻖ ﻟﻼﺳﺗﺣﻣﺎﻡ ﻭﻏﺳﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻼﺑﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺳﻳﻝ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﺟﻔﻳﻑ ﺍﻟﻣﻼﺑﺱ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺧﻠﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻣﺗﻭﻓﺭﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺗﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻳﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻻﻧﺟﻠﻳﺯﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺇﻟﻛﺗﺭﻭﻧﻳﺔ ﻟﻣﺯﻳﺩ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﻠﻭﻣﺎﺕ )ﻣﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻳﺔ(‬
‫ﻣﻼﺣﻅﺎﺕ ﺗﻘﻧﻳﺔ ﻋﻥ ﻣﻳﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺻﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺍﻟﻧﻅﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺷﺧﺻﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﻭﺍﺭﻯء‪،‬‬ ‫‪http://applications.emro.who.int/docs/Technical_Notes_1_AR‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﻧﻅﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻣﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺻﺣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﻡ ‪2011‬‬ ‫‪_15287.pdf?ua=1‬‬
‫‪House, S.J. and Reed, R.A,Emergency water sources: guidelines‬‬ ‫‪http://applications.emro.who.int/docs/Technical_Notes_2_AR‬‬
‫‪for selection and treatment © WEDC 1997‬‬ ‫‪_15288.pdf?ua=1‬‬
‫‪Household water treatment and Storage© Oxfam 2008‬‬ ‫‪http://applications.emro.who.int/docs/Technical_Notes_9_AR‬‬
‫‪_15295.pdf?ua=1‬‬
‫‪http://applications.emro.who.int/docs/Technical_Notes_5_AR‬‬
‫‪_15291.pdf?ua=1‬‬

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