PLUMBING

FIXTURES
A Requirement from Syllabus of MEUTI230 Engineering Utilities II
for Section ESE183
Content
•Introduction
•General Requirements as per RNPCP
•Required Plumbing Fixtures
•Prohibitions as per RNPCP
Introduction
• The plumbing industry is a basic and substantial part of every developed economy due to the need for
clean water, and proper collection and transport of wastes. The word “plumbing” comes from the
Latin plumbum for lead, as pipes were once made from lead.
• Plumbing originated during ancient civilizations such as the Greek, Roman, Persian, Indian, and
Chinese cities as they developed public baths and needed to provide potable water and drainage of
wastes, for larger numbers of people. Standardized earthen plumbing pipes with broad flanges
making use of asphalt for preventing leakages appeared in the urban settlements of the Indus Valley
Civilization by 2700 B.C. The Romans used lead pipe inscriptions to prevent water theft.
• Plumbing was extremely rare until the growth of modern densely-populated cities in the 1800s.
• For potable water use, galvanized iron piping was commonplace in the United States from the late
1800s until around 1960. After that period, copper piping took over, first soft copper with flared fittings,
then with rigid copper tubing utilizing soldered fittings.
• The use of lead for potable water declined sharply after World War II because of increased awareness
of the dangers of lead poisoning. At this time, copper piping was introduced as a better and safer
alternative to lead pipes.
• Present-day water-supply systems use a network of high-pressure pumps, and pipes in buildings
are now made of copper, brass, plastic, or other nontoxic material. Drain and vent lines are made of
plastic, steel, cast-iron, or lead
General Requirements
• fixtures shall be manufactured of dense, durable, non-
absorbent materials
• must have smooth impervious surfaces, free from
unnecessary concealed fouling surfaces.
• all fixtures shall conform in quality and design to nationally
recognized
• applicable standards or to other approved standards
acceptable to the Administrative Authority.
• All porcelain enamel surfaces on plumbing fixtures shall
be acid resistant
General Requirements-Alternatives
• Water closet bowls fur public use shall be the elongated
bowl types equipped with open-front seats. Water closet
seats shall be of smooth non·absorbent material and
properly sized for the water closet bowl used.
• Special-use fixtures may be made of soapstone, chemical
stoneware or may be lined with lead, copper base alloy,
nickel-copper alloy, corrosion-resisting steel or other
materials specially suited for the use which the fixture is
intended.
General Requirements-Alternatives
General Requirements-Alternatives
• Restaurant kitchen and other special-use sinks may be
made of approved-type bonderized and galvanized sheet
steel of not less than Gauge No. 16 U.S. B&S or 1.6 mm
thick. All sheet metal plumbing fixtures shall be adequately
designed, constructed and braced in an approved manner
to satisfactorily accomplish the intended purposes.
General Requirements-Alternatives
Installation
• Cleaning - plumbing fixture shall be installed in a manner to provide easy access for repair
and cleaning. Where practical, all pipes from fixtures shall be run parallel and dose to the
nearest wall or building line.
• Joints - where a fixture comes in contact with the wall or floor, the joint between the fixture
and wall or floor shall be made watertight floor outlet or floor mounted fixtures shall be
rigidly secured on the drainage connection and floor when so designed with the use of
adequately-sized screws or expansion bolts of copper, brass or other equally corrosion-
resistant material.
• Wall-Hung Fixtures - wall-hung fixtures shall be rigidly supported by metal supporting
members or chairs so that no bending or pullout strain is transmitted to the wall. Approved
non-corrosive screws or bolts shall secure water closet and urinal flush tanks and similar
appurtenances.
• Setting - fixtures shall be set level and in proper alignment with reference to adjacent walls.
No water closet or bidet shall be set closer than 0.315 meter from its center to any side wall
or obstruction nor closer than 0.7 meter center to center to any similar fixture No urinal
shall be set closer than 0.3 meter from its center to any sidewall or partition nor closer than
0.6 meter center to center.
• Supply Fittings - the supply lines or fittings for every plumbing fixture shall be installed to
prevent backflow.
Installation
Table 1 Plumbing Fixtures Water Suppply Pipe Requirements
Required Plumbing Fixtures
Table 2 Minimium Plumbing Facilities
Required Plumbing Fixtures
Table 2 Minimium Plumbing Facilities
Required Plumbing Fixtures
Table 2 Minimum Plumbing Facilities
Required Plumbing Fixtures
Table 2 Minimum Plumbing Facilities
Required Plumbing Fixtures
Table 2 Minimum Plumbing Facilities
Required Plumbing Fixtures
Table 2 Minimum Plumbing Facilities
Required Plumbing Fixtures
Table 2 Minimum Plumbing Facilities
Required Plumbing Fixtures
Figure 1: Tank-Type Water Closet
• Water closets, devices designed
to receive human waste and
dispose of it properly in a
sanitary sewer system, come in
various shapes, designs, and
colors.
Required Plumbing Fixtures
Figure 2 Wall-Hung Urinal
• Two major types of urinals in
use are the floor-mounted and
wall-mounted urinals. We will
discuss some of the main items
relating to the installation of
the wall-hung urinal (Figure 2).
Before installing a floor-
mounted urinal, refer to local
codes to ensure it is legal.
Required Plumbing Fixtures
Figure 3 Stainless-type Bidet
• A bidet is equipped with
running cold and hot water and
is used for bathing external
genitals and posterior parts of
the body.
Required Plumbing Fixtures
• Sinks are made in different Figure 4 Sinks : a) Kitchen Sink &; b) Service Sink.
patterns, each intended to 4.a 4.b
serve specific purposes. Two
common types of sinks are the
kitchen sink and the service sink
(slop sink).
Required Plumbing Fixtures
• Shower and Tub Combination Figure 5 Shower and Tub Combination
➢ Several types of bathtubs are on the
market today, such as the recessed, the
corner recessed, the sunken, and the leg
type.
➢ Tubs sizes range from 4 to 6 feet in length
➢ they are designed as right- or left-hand
tubs, depending on the location of the
drain. When you face the tub, if the drain is
on the right end, it is a right-hand tub; if on
the left end, a left-hand tub.
➢ Most bathtubs today are made of enameled
cast iron, enameled pressed steel, or
fiberglass, which is most commonly used
for the built-in type.
Prohibitions
• Use of water closets having invisible seats or unventilated space or having
walls, which are not thoroughly washed out at each discharge, shall be
prohibited.
• Any water closet, which might permit siphonage of the contents of the
bowl back into the water tank, shall be prohibited as well as trough
urinals.
• Drinking fountains shall not be installed inside public toilet rooms.
• Fixed wooden, concrete, cement, or tile wash trays or sinks for domestic
use shall not be installed in any building designed for human habitation.
• No sheet metal lined wooden bathtubs shall be installed or reconnected.
• No dry or chemical closet (toilet) shall be installed in any building for
human habitation, unless first approved by the Health Officer or
Administrative Authority.
Reference
• Revised National Plumbing Code of the Philippines
• Earl’s Plumbing, 2019