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Unit 1: Science is a Verb

1. Scientific Method
2. Measurement
3. Rounding
4. Scientific Notation
5. Conversion
6. Graphing
Unit 2: Matter & Energy
1. Matter
2. Energy
3. Calorimetry
Unit 3: Phases of Matter
1. Phase Changes
2. Energy Required for Phase Changes
3. Gases and Pressure
4. Partial Pressure and Effusion
5. Gas Laws
Unit 4: The Nucleus
1. Atomic Structure (The Nucleus)
2. Natural Radioactivity
3. Half-life
4. Nuclear Power
Unit 5. Electrons
1. History of Atomic Models
2. Light
3. Electron Configurations
4. Quantum Numbers, Ground and Excited Interpretation
5. Ions
Unit 6. Periodic Table
1. Periodic Table- Intro & Trends
2. Periodic Table- Tour
3. Bonding 1: Ionic
4. Bonding 2: Covalent
Unit 7: Chemical Formulas
1. Types of Compounds

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 2. Naming and Writing Binary & Ternary Compounds
3. Formula Mass
4. Percent Composition, Empirical & Molecular Formulas.
5. Formula Stoichiometry
Unit 8: Chemical Reactions
1. What is a Chemical Reaction?
2. Oxidation and Reduction Reactions
3. Double Replacement Reactions
4. Stoichiometry of Chemical Equations
Unit 9: Kinetics, Thermodynamics, & Equilibrium
1. Kinetics
2. PE Diagrams
3. Equilibrium Systems
4. Spontaneity
5. Changing Equilibrium
Unit 10: Solutions
1. Solutions and Solubility
2. Concentration
3. Colligative properties
Unit 11: Acids & Bases
1. Arrhenius Acids and Bases
2. Neutralization
3. Acid-Base Equilibrium
4. Bronstead-Lowry Acids & Bases
Unit 12: Electrochemistry
1. Half-Reactions
2. Spontaneous Electrochemistry
3. Other ways of generating electricity
4. Non-spontaneous electrochemistry
Unit 13: Organic Chemistry
1. Introduction to Organic Chemistry
2. Substituted hydrocarbons?
3. Functional Groups
4. Organic Reactions

Unit 1: Science is a Verb

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1. Scientific Method
1. How does science differ from other ways of thinking?
2. What is meant by the term “Scientific Method?”
3. Are there some questions that science is better at answering than
others?

2. Measurement
1. What are the parts of a measurement?
2. Why do we use the metric system?
a. How does the metric system work?
3. How do we deal with uncertainty in measurements?
a. What are the significant figure rules?

3. Rounding
1. What are the rounding rules?
2. How do we account for uncertainty when adding or subtracting?
3. How do we account for uncertainty when multiplying or dividing?

4. Scientific Notation
1. What is scientific notation?
a. What does proper scientific notation look like?
2. How do we convert into scientific notation?
3. How do we convert out of scientific notation?
4. How do we multiply/divide numbers in scientific notation?
5. How do we add/subtract numbers in scientific notation?
6. How do we know which number is bigger/smaller in scientific
notation?

5. Conversion
1. How do we convert between units?
2. What units can we convert between?
3. How do we use conversion factors?

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6. Graphing
1. What are the parts of a proper graph?
2. How do we determine the independent and dependent variable?
3. How do we interpolate information from a graph? How do we
extrapolate information?

Unit 2: Matter & Energy

1. Matter
1. Explain the difference between mass and volume.
2. What’s the difference between an element and a compound?
3. What is the difference between a pure substance and a mixture?
4. How are homogenous mixtures different from heterogenous
mixtures?
5. How can we represent substances in particle diagrams?
6. Explain the difference between a physical property and a chemical
property.
7. Explain the difference between a physical change and a chemical
change.
8. Explain the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic properties.
9. What does it mean when we say that matter is “conserved” in the
universe?

2. Energy
1. How is energy related to matter?
2. What is “work” in a physical sense?
3. What is “force in a physical sense?
4. How are kinetic energy and potential energy related? How are they
similar? How are they different?
5. What is the relationship between kinetic energy and temperature?
6. How can a substance have more kinetic energy, but a lower
temperature than another substance?
7. What is the difference between Celsius and Kelvin? How do we
convert between them?
8. How can we measure the amount of energy in a substance?
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 9. How does heat move between substances in the Universe?
10. What does it mean when we say that energy is “conserved” in the
universe?
10. What is the difference between an exothermic and an endothermic
reaction?
11. Why is the concept of enthalpy useful?
12. How does a calorimeter work?
13. Explain the difference between calories and joules.

3. Calorimetry
1. Why is calorimetry useful?
2. How does a calorimeter work?
3. How can we use the calorimetry equation?
4. How can we rearrange the calorimetry equation to solve for all four
variables?
5. How can we use a calorimeter to determine the final (or initial)
temperature of a sample?

Unit 3: Phases of Matter

1. Phase Changes
1. How does amount of attractive force in a substance determine it’s
phase at any particular temperature?
2. How does the arrangement of particles in a substance change as it
changes phases?
3. What are the macro properties of a solid, a liquid, and a gas?
4. How do we transition between phases of a substance?
5. What is equilibrium? When do two phases of a substance exist at
equilibrium?
6. What does a heating curve show us? How can we interpret it?
7. What would a cooling curve look like?

2. Energy Required for Phase Changes

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 1. What happens to the particles of a substance when it melts/freezes?
2. What happens to the particles of a substance when it
vaporizes/condenses?
3. How can we quantify the energy requirements of phase changes?
4. What is Hf? How is it useful?
5. How do we determine the energy required to melt/freeze a
substance?
6. What is Hv? How is it useful?
7. How do we determine the energy required to vaporize/boil a
substance?
8. How can we use Hf, Hv, and specific heat to calculate energy
requirements for heating/cooling a substance through multiple phase
changes?

3. Gases and Pressure

1. How can we describe the behavior of gas particles?
2. Why do we describe an ideal gas, when it doesn’t actually exist?
3. When does a real gas behave most/least like an ideal gas?
4. What is Avogadro’s hypothesis? Why is it an accurate description of
a gas? How can we use it?
5. Why do we need a “standard” temperature and pressure when
describing a gas? What are the values of standard temperature and
pressure?
6. What is pressure? How is it measured? What are the units of
pressure?How do we convert between them?
7. What is vapor pressure? How is it determined? Why is it greater or
less in different substances?
8. What is the relationship between vapor pressure, atmospheric
pressure, and boiling point of a liquid?
9. How do we use Reference table H?

4. Partial Pressure and Effusion

1. What is Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure? Why is it an accurate
description of the behavior of a gas?
2. How can we use Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure to determine the
individual and collective pressures of mixtures of gases?
3. What is Graham’s Law of Effusion? Why is it an accurate description
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 of the behavior of a gas?
4. How can we use Graham’s Law of Effusion to determine the rate of
effusion of different gases?

5. Gas Laws
1. How does a gas behave when we hold the temperature constant?
2. How can we express this relationship mathematically?
3. How does a gas behave when we hold the pressure constant?
4. How can we express this relationship mathematically?
5. How does a gas behave when we hold the volume constant?
6. How can we express this relationship mathematically?
7. How can we combine pressure, volume, and temperature
relationships for a gas?
8. How do we solve gas law problems?
9. What does the Ideal Gas Law allow us to do?
10. Why do we need the universal gas constant?
11. How does the universal gas constant change if we change the
units we use in our problem?
12. How do we solve Ideal Gas Law problems

Unit 4: The Nucleus

1. Atomic Structure (The Nucleus)
1. What is the general structure of an atom?
2. Why were atoms thought to be indivisible?
3. Why can’t we see atoms?
4. How are protons, neutrons, and electrons similar? How do they
differ?
5. How do we determine:
a. The number of protons
b. the nuclear charge
c. the mass of the most common isotope
d. the number of neutrons
e. the number of electrons
6. How do we determine average atomic mass for an element?

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 7. Why are our models of atoms simplified versions of what we are
modeling?

2. Natural Radioactivity
1. What does radioactive mean?
2. Why is an atom radioactive or not?
3. How does a radioactive atom become stable?
4. What are the major properties of
a. alpha particles
b. beta particles
c. positrons
d. gamma rays
e. K-capture
5. How can nuclear radiation be classified in terms of mass, penetrating
power, and electrical charge?
6. How do we determine what a particular radioisotope will transmute
into during a nuclear decay?
7. Why do nuclear reactions produce more energy than traditional
chemical reactions?
8. How can the amount of energy in a nuclear reaction be quantified?
9. How can we determine if a substance is radioactive
10. What are the major contributions of:
a. Roentgen
b. Becquerrel
c. M & P Curie
to the field of nuclear chemistry?

3. Half-life
1. Why are we unable to predict when an atom will undergo decay?
2. Why are we able to predict when a large number of atoms will
undergo decay by?
3. How do we solve half-life problems?
4. How are radioisotopes used in:
a. radiometric dating
b. nuclear medicine
c. food irradiation

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4. Nuclear Power
1. How can we produce nuclear isotopes in the laboratory?
2. How does a particle accelerator work?
3. How do we solve artificial transmutation problems to find missing
masses.
4. Compare/Contrast artificial and natural transmutations
5. How does a nuclear power plant work?
a. control rods
b. moderator
c. coolant
6. What is unique about nuclear fission?
7. Why does fissile material need to be enriched for sustained fission?
8. How is a nuclear power plant different from a nuclear weapon?
9. What are the benefits and risks of nuclear power?
10. What happens during a melt down?
11. What is unique about nuclear fusion?
12. Compare/Contrast fission and fusion.
13. Where do your atoms come from?
14. What are the societal and political considerations about the use of
nuclear technologies.

Unit 5. Electrons
1. History of Atomic Models
1. Why did some Ancient Greeks think that atoms existed?
2. What evidence did they have?
3. What was John Dalton’s model of the atom?
4. What evidence did he have?
5. What was JJ Thomson’s Model of the atom?
6. What evidence did he have?
7. What was Ernest Rutherford’s Model of the atom?
8. What evidence did he have?
9. What was Niels Bohr’s Model of the atom?
10. What evidence did he have?

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 11. What is the quantum mechanical model of the atom?
12. What evidence is it based on?
13. How do the different models extend the understanding of the work
of previous models?

2. Light
1. What is light?
2. How is light produced?
3. How is visible light similar to other EM waves?
4. How does visible light differ from other EM waves?
5. What is the relationship between the wavelength and frequency of an
EM wave?
6. What is the relationship between the frequency and the energy of an
EM wave?
7. What is the relationship between the energy and the mass of a
photon?

3. Electron Configurations
1. What is the difference between valence electrons and kernel
electrons?
2. How do we interpret/write basic electron configurations?
3. How can we determine how many electrons fit on a particular
principal energy level?
4. What do all members of a period have in common re: electron
configuration?
5. What do all members of a group have in common re: electron
configuration
6. How do we interpret/write expanded electron configurations?
7. How can we determine how many electrons fill a particular sublevel?
8. How do we determine sublevel filling order?
9. How do we interpret/write box notation?
10. How can we determine how many orbitals there are in a particular
sublevel?
11. How do we interpret/write Lewis Dot Diagrams?
12. Why are valence electrons crucial for the rest of this course?

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4. Quantum Numbers, Ground and Excited
Interpretation
1. What is the significance of an electron’s quantum numbers?
2. How do we determine the quantum numbers for a particular electron?
3. Why will every electron in an atom have it’s own quantum numbers?
4. How can we determine if an atom is in the ground state or the excited
state?
5. How can we determine if a PEL, sublevel, orbital is empty, occupied,
or full?

5. Ions
1. What is different about an ion compared to a “normal” atom?
2. What happens to an atoms charge if it gains/loses electrons?
3. What does electronegativity measure?
4. What does ionization energy measure?
5. Why does ionic radius increase as the number of PEL’s increases?
6. Why does ionic radius decrease as you move across a period from
left to right?
7. How are electronegativity and ionization energy used to help us
determine if an atom will form a cation or an anion?
8. Ionically speaking, what is the difference between metals and
non-metals?
9. What happens to the radius of an atom when it forms an ion?
10. How do we represent ions as dot diagrams?
11. How do we name ions?

Unit 6. Periodic Table

1. Periodic Table- Intro & Trends
1. Why is it called the periodic table?
2. How are the elements on the periodic table arranged?
3. What do all members of a period have in common?

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 4. What do all members of a group have in common?
5. What is the trend in atomic size moving down a group? Why?
6. What is the trend in atomic size moving across a period (L→R)?
Why?
7. What is the largest atom on the PT? What is the smallest?
8. Where are the metals on the PT? Where are the non-metals?
Where are the metalloids?
9. How are Metals/Metalloids/Non-metals similar? How are they
different?
10. What is the trend in electronegativity moving down a group?
Why?
11. What is the trend in electronegativity moving across a period
(L→R)? Why?
12. What is the most electronegative element? What is the least
electronegative element?
13. What is the trend in first ionization energy moving down a group?
Why?
14. What is the trend in first ionization energy moving across a period
(L→R)? Why?
15. What element has the highest first ionization energy? What
element has the lowest?
16. What is the trend in metallic/non-metallic character on the PT?
17. Which element is the most metallic? Which element is the least?
18. Why is it silly to have to use Reference Table S to answer trend
questions?

2. Periodic Table- Tour

1. How is the group an element in related to the type of ion it forms?
2. Why do the elements in groups 4-12 have multiple positive ionization
possibilities?
3. Why do some elements have names unrelated to their symbols?
4. How do we name positive ions?
5. How do we name negative ions?
6. Where are the alkali metals? What are their properties?
7. Where are the alkaline earth metals? What are their properties?
8. Where are the transition metals? What are their properties?
9. Where are the halogens? What are their properties?

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 10. Where are the nobel gases? What are their properties?
11. How do we refer to other groups of elements?
12. Which elements are liquids at room temp? gases? solids?
13. What is an allotrope? Why do they have different chemical and
physical properties even though they are made of the same element?
14. Which elements exist as monoatomic molecules? Why?
15. Which elements exist as diatomic molecules? Why?
16. How can we use the periodic table to help us determine which
sublevels of an atom are being filled?

3. Bonding 1: Ionic
1. What is a chemical bond?
2. How can atoms exchange electrons?
3. Why does it take energy to break a bond? Why does it release
energy to make a bond?
4. What happens to electrons when atoms ionically bond?
5. How can we identify an ionically bonded compound?
6. How can we draw an ionically bonded compound?
7. What are the properties of ionically bonded compounds?
8. Why can ions conduct electricity when liquid or in solution?

4. Bonding 2: Covalent
1. What happens to electrons when atoms covalently bond?
2. How can we identify a covalently bonded compound?
3. Why don’t covalently bonded compounds conduct electricity?
4. What is the difference between a molecule and an ionic compound?
5. What is the difference between a polar covalent bond and a non-polar
covalent bond?
6. How do we determine if a bond is polar or non-polar?
7. What are the properties of covalently bonded compounds?
8. Why do acids conduct electricity even though they are covalently
bonded molecules?

Unit 7: Chemical Formulas

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1. Types of Compounds
1. What are the properties of ionic compounds? How are they held
together?
2. What are the properties of molecular compounds? How are they held
together?
3. What are the properties of network solids? How are they held
together?
4. What are the properties of metallic compounds? How are they held
together?
5. How can we identify the type of substance based on its physical
properties?
6. How do we determine if a bond is polar or non-polar?
7. How do we determine if a molecule is polar or non-polar?
8. How can a molecule have polar bonds but still be non-polar?
9. How do we classify the shapes of molecules?
10. What are the IMAF’s found in polar and non-polar molecules?
11. How are LDF’s generated by non-polar molecules?
12. What is the relationship between molecular size and the strength
of LDF’s?
13. How are dipole attractions generated by polar molecules?
14. Why are hydrogen bonds considered separately from other dipole
attractions?
15. How do the types of IMAF’s in a substance influence its physical
properties?

2. Naming and Writing Binary & Ternary Compounds

1. What are the rules for writing binary formulas?
2. What are the rules for naming binary compounds?
3. What are the rules for writing ternary formulas?
4. What are the rules for naming ternary compounds?
5. What are the rules for writing molecular formulas?
6. What are the rules for naming molecular compounds?

3. Formula Mass
1. How is formula mass determined?
2. What is the relationship between formula mass and gram formula

14
 mass?
3. How many particles of a substance are in one mole of that
substance?
4. How do we determine the number of moles of a substance if we are
given a mass of that substance?
5. How do we determine the mass of specific number of moles of a
substance?

4. Percent Composition, Empirical & Molecular

Formulas.
1. How is the percent composition by mass of a substance determined?
2. What is a hydrate?
3. How is the water removed from a hydrate?
4. How can percent composition be used to determine the empirical
formula of a substance?
5. Why do we need to convert from mass to moles when determining
empirical formulae?
6. What is the relationship between a substance’s molecular formula
and its empirical formula?
7. What is the relationship between a substance’s molecular mass and
its empirical mass?

5. Formula Stoichiometry
1. How is the jug of stuff analogous to a mole? How is is similar, how is
it different?
2. Why are moles central to the study of chemistry?
3. What are the three properties of matter that are most directly
connected to moles?
4. How do we convert between moles and <X>?
5. What patterns do we see when converting from moles to X,Y,Z?
6. What patterns do we see when converting from X, Y, Z to moles?
7. How do we convert between X and Y?
8. Will we always have to divide and multiply when converting in
two-step problems?
9. Why are we learning these skills today?

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Unit 8: Chemical Reactions
1. What is a Chemical Reaction?
1. How do we symbolize a chemical reaction?
2. Why do chemical reactions have to be balanced?
3. How do we balance chemical reactions?
4. How do we write chemical reactions?
5. How can we use a balanced reaction to find missing mass?

2. Oxidation and Reduction Reactions

1. Why do chemical reactions occur?
2. What causes a redox reaction to occur?
3. What is reduction, what is oxidation?
4. How can we determine the element the participants in a redox
reaction?
5. What is a spectator ion in a redox reaction?
6. How can we determine the oxidation states of elements?
7. Why is a synthesis reaction a redox reaction?
8. Why is a decomposition reaction a redox reaction?
9. Why is a single replacement reaction a redox reaction?
10. How do we complete and balance a single replacement reaction?
11. How can we determine if a given reaction is a redox reaction?

3. Double Replacement Reactions

1. Why do substances dissolve?
2. How can we determine the solubility of a substance?
3. What happens in a double replacement reaction?
4. How do we complete and balance a double replacement reaction?
5. Why isn’t a double replacement reaction a redox reaction?
6. How do we determine the spectator ions in a double replacement
reaction?
7. How can we design a double replacement reaction to yield a
particular precipitate?

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4. Stoichiometry of Chemical Equations
1. How can we use a double replacement reaction to determine:
a. the number of moles of a reactant consumed/product
produced?
b. the number of grams/Liters/particles of a reactant
consumed/product produced?
2. How do we determine which reactant is limiting in a particular
situation?
3. How do we determine percent yield of a particular reaction?

Unit 9: Kinetics, Thermodynamics, &

Equilibrium
1. Kinetics
1. What causes a chemical reaction?
2. How does an input of energy cause a reaction to occur?
3. How/Why do the following factors affect reaction rate?
a. Catalyst
b. Inhibitor
c. Nature of reactants
d. Temperature
e. Concentration
f. Surface Area

2. PE Diagrams
1. What happens to energy during a chemical reaction?
2. Why do all reactions require an input of energy to begin?
3. What is enthalpy?
4. How does enthalpy change during the course of a particular reaction?
5. How can we use reference table I to determine the change in
enthalpy for a particular reaction?
6. How can we graphically represent the energy changes that occur
during the course of a reaction?
7. How do exothermic and endothermic reaction profiles compare?

17
 How are they different?
8. How does a catalyst/inhibitor affect the course of a reaction?

3. Equilibrium Systems
1. What does equilibrium mean for a chemical/physical process?
2. How do we know when a process is at equilibrium?
3. What is chemical equilibrium?
4. How do we write Keq?
5. How can we use Keq to understand equilibrium for a particular
chemical reaction?
6. What is solution equilibrium?
7. When is a solution at equilibrium?
8. How do we write Ksp?
9. How can we use Ksp to understand equilibrium for a particular
solution?
10. What is physical equilibrium?
11. When a particular substance at a physical equilibrium?

4. Spontaneity
1. What does spontaneity mean?
2. How does the change in enthalpy affect the spontaneity of a process?
3. How does the change in entropy affect the spontaneity of a process?
4. How do we know if a chemical process is spontaneous or not?
5. How is the spontaneity of a chemical process affected by the
energetics of the reaction? the temperature? the change in entropy?
6. How do we use the Gibbs free energy equation?

5. Changing Equilibrium
1. How does equilibrium shift?
2. How does a system at equilibrium respond to a stress?
3. How do the following stresses affect the equilibrium of a system:
a. adding/removing product/reactant
b. changing the temperature
c. changing the pressure

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Unit 10: Solutions
1. Solutions and Solubility
1. What is a solution?
2. Why does a substance dissolve in a particular solvent?
3. How do we describe a solution in terms of it’s saturation?
4. What are the properties of unsaturated/saturated/supersaturated
solutions?
5. How do the following affect the solubility of a particular solute:
a. temperature
b. pressure
c. nature of solute/solvent
6. How do we use reference table G to determine the saturation of a
solution?

2. Concentration
1. What is concentration?
2. How do we express concentration:
a. reference table G
b. Molarity
i. How is a particular molarity solution produced?
c. Parts Per Million
d. Percent composition
3. When is a particular measurement of concentration appropriate?

3. Colligative properties
1. Why do solutions have higher b.p.’s and lower m.p’s than pure
solvents?
2. How do the amounts of particles in a particular unit of a solution affect
the b.p. and m.p.?
3. How do we determine how many particles a solute will produce in
solution?
4. How do we calculate the b.p. elevation/m.p. decrease in a solution?

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Unit 11: Acids & Bases
1. Arrhenius Acids and Bases
1. What makes a substance an acid or a base?
2. Why are acids and bases electrolytes?
3. What are the properties of an Arrhenius acid?
4. Why do we use proton and hydronium ion equivalently?
5. How can we determine how many ions an acid will produce when it
dissociates?
6. How do we name acids?
7. What are the properties of an Arrhenius base?
8. Why can acids and bases be dangerous?
9. How can we tell if a solution is acidic or basic?

2. Neutralization
1. What is the general equation of a neutralization reaction?
2. Why is water produced? Why is a salt produced?
3. How do we balance neutralization reactions?
4. What is a titration? How do we conduct a titration?
5. How can we use the titration equation to determine the
concentration/volume of unknowns?

3. Acid-Base Equilibrium
1. What is the difference between a strong acid and a weak acid?
2. How do we use Ka to determine the strength/weakness of an acid?
3. What is Kw? Why is it useful?
4. How do we use honors reference table C?
5. What is pH, how is it defined, how can it be determined?
6. What is the relationship between [H+] and [OH-] in different pH
solutions?

4. Bronstead-Lowry Acids & Bases

1. Why is a more expansive definition of acids and bases useful?
2. What is a “conjugate acid-base” pair? Why does it exist? How can it

20
 be determined?
3. Why can some substances be both BL acids and bases? How do we
determine how a particular substance will behave in a particular
solution?
4. What is a coordinate covalent bond? How does it differ from a
“typical” covalent bond?

Unit 12: Electrochemistry

1. Half-Reactions
1. How do chemical reactions produce electrical energy?
2. How do we identify reduction, oxidation, spectator ions, reducing
agent, and oxidizing agent in a reaction?
3. How do we write half-reactions?
4. How can we use half-reactions to balance redox equations?

2. Spontaneous Electrochemistry
1. What does the “activity” of a substance indicate about its electrical
behavior?
2. How do we use RT J to determine chemical activity?
3. What types of redox reactions will occur spontaneously?
4. How do we use Honors Reference Table D to determine the voltage
of a particular redox reaction?
5. How do we use spontaneous electrochemical reactions to produce
electrical currents in voltaic cells?
6. What are the parts of a “wet cell” battery? How do they all contribute
to the function of the wet cell?
7. How is a “dry cell” battery different from a wet cell?
8. How can we design a wet cell? What should we be careful of?
9. How are modern batteries designed?

3. Other ways of generating electricity

1. What is the difference between AC current and DC current?
2. How do power plants generate electricity?
3. How do different power plants differ from each other? How are they
21
 similar?
4. How does wind power work?
5. How does hydroelectric power work?
6. How does solar power work?
7. How does a fuel cell work?

4. Non-spontaneous electrochemistry
1. Where does the energy come from for non-spontaneous
electrochemical reactions?
2. How do we use non-spontaneous chemical reactions to do the
following:
a. produce pure samples of reactive elements
b. electrolyze water into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas
c. electroplate objects with metal coatings
3. How do voltaic cells compare to electrolytic cells? How are they
similar? How do they differ?

Unit 13: Organic Chemistry

1. Introduction to Organic Chemistry
1. Why do we study carbon in depth?
2. What are the interesting properties of the carbon atom?
3. Why are there so many organic compounds?
4. Why is combustion important?
5. What is a hydrocarbon?
6. What are the major families of hydrocarbons?
a. how do aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons differ?
b. how do saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons differ?
c. how do alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes differ?
7. How do we name a hydrocarbon?
8. How can we use reference table P and Q to determine a
hydrocarbon’s name?
9. What is an isomer?
10. How do we draw the structure of organic compounds?

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2. Substituted hydrocarbons?
1. What is a “substituted” hydrocarbon?
2. How do we name substituted hydrocarbons?
3. How can a hydrocarbon be halogenated?
4. What is the difference between a substitution reaction and an addition
reaction?

3. Functional Groups
1. What is a functional group?
2. How do each of the following families/functional groups change the
properties, formulae, and names of the organic molecules they are
attached to?
a. hydroxyl/alcohols
b. carboxyl/organic acids
c. carbonyls/(aldehydes vs. ketones)
d. ethers
e. esters
f. amines
3. How do we use Reference Table R to help us name/determine
molecules with functional groups?
4. What are amino acids, how are they recognized, and why are they
important?
5. What are soaps, how are they recognized, and why are they
important?
6. How can we draw the structure/determine the name of a particular
organic molecule?
7. What types of families are isomers of each other?

4. Organic Reactions
1. What happens, what are the reactants, and what are the products of
each of the following types of organic reactions:
a. Dehydration synthesis (esterification & etherification)
b. Fermentation
c. Saponification
d. Polymerization (condensation and addition reactions)
e. Vulcanization
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2. How do we recognize a particular organic reaction?
3. How can we predict the products or determine the reactants of a
particular organic reaction?

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