3| Z…Zxq ch©v‡qi †gŠj Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar

AvqbxKiY kw³ (KJ/mol) 495.8 737.7 577.6 786.5 1011.8 999.6 1251.1 1520.5

M.DÏxc‡Ki †gŠj¸wji A·vB‡Wi A¤ø-ÿvi ag© Av‡jvPbv Ki|

mgvavb:
(M) DËi t DÏxc‡Ki †gŠjmg~‡ni A·vBWmg~n -Na2O, MgO, Al2O3, SiO2, P2O5, SO3, Cl2O7
DcwiD³ A·vB‡Wi g‡a¨ Na2O Zxeª ÿviag©x, MgO ÿviK, Al2O3 Gi A¤ø I ÿviK Dfq ag© we`¨gvb| Ab¨vb¨ A·vBW A¤øag©x Ges Zv‡`i g‡a¨ hZ Wvb w`‡K
hvIqv hvq, Zv‡`i A¤ø ag© ZZB ev‡o|
1| Na2O ÿviag©x: Na2O cvwbi mv‡_ wewµqv K‡i NaOH Zxeª ÿvi Drcbœ K‡i |
Na2O + H2O   2NaOH
2| MgO ÿviag©x: g¨vM‡bwmqvg A·vBW (MgO) A‡¤øi mv‡_ wewµqv K‡i jeY I cvwb Drcbœ K‡i|
MgO + 2HCl   MgCl2 + H2O
3| Al2O3Dfag©x: A¨vjywgwbqvg A·vBW (Al2O3) A¤ø I ÿviK Df‡qi mv‡_ wewµqv K‡i jeY I cvwb Drcbœ K‡i|
Al2O3 + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2O [Al2O3 Gi ÿvi a‡g©i cÖgvY]
Al2O3 + 2NaOH 
 2NaAlO2 + H2O [Al2O3 Gi A¤ø a‡g©i cÖgvY]
4| SiO2A¤øag©x: wmwjKb WvB A·vBW (SiO2) ÿv‡ii mv‡_ wewµqv K‡i jeY I cvwb Drcbœ K‡i|
SiO2 + NaOH   Na2SiO3 +H2O
5| P2O5 A¤øag©x: dmdivm †c›Uv A·vBW (P2O5) cvwbi mv‡_ wewµqv K‡i dmdwiK (H3PO4) GwmW Drcbœ K‡i Ges ÿv‡ii mv‡_ wewµqv K‡i dm‡dU jeY
Drcbœ K‡i|

P2O5 + 3H2O
 2H PO 3 4

P O + NaOH 
2 5  2Na HPO 2 4 + H2O
6| SO3A¤øag©x: mvjdvi UªvB A·vBW (SO3) cvwbi mv‡_ wewµqv K‡i mvjwdDwiK GwmW (H2SO4) Drcbœ K‡i| ÿv‡ii mv‡_ wewµqv K‡i mvj‡dU jeY I cvwb Drcbœ
K‡i|

SO3+ H2O 
 H SO 2 4

SO3 + 2NaOH 
 Na SO 2 4 + H2O
7| Cl2O7A¤øag©x: WvB †K¬vwib †nÞv A·vBW (Cl2O7) cvwbi mv‡_ wewµqv K‡i kw³kvjx cvi†K¬vwiK GwmW (HClO4) Drcbœ K‡i I ÿv‡ii mv‡_ wewµqv K‡i cvi‡K¬v‡iU
jeY I cvwb Drcbœ K‡i|

Cl2O7 + H2O 
 2HClO 4

Cl2O7 + 2NaOH 
 2NaClO4 + H2O
DcwiD³ †gŠjmg~‡ni A·vB‡Wi ag© n‡Z ejv hvq , GKB ch©v‡q hZB Wvbw`‡K hvIqv hvq, ZZB †gŠjmg~‡ni ÿvi ag© n«vm cvq Ges A¤ø ag© µgvš^‡q e„w× cvq|
Al2O3 ,SnO2 I PbO Dfag©x A·vBW ‡Kb?
DËi :- †gŠ‡ji †h mKj A·vBW GwmW I ÿviK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i Zv‡`i‡K Dfag©x A·vBW e‡j| Al2O3 GwmW Ges ÿvi Df‡qi mv‡_ wewµqv K‡i jeY I cvwb
Drcbœ K‡i| A_©vr Al2O3 GwmW I ÿviK Dfq wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i|
Al2O3+ 6HCl AlCl3 +3H2O [Al2O3 Gi ¶vi a‡g©i cÖgvY]
Al2O3+ 2NaOH 
 2NaAlO2 +H2O [Al2O3 Gi A¤- a‡g©i cÖgvY]
†mvwWqvg A¨vjywg‡bU

10. †`LvI †h, B2O3 GKwU A¤øag©x A·vBW|

DËi :- ‡gŠ‡ji †h mKj A·vBW ÿvi‡Ki mv‡_ wewµqv K‡i jeY I cvwb Drcbœ K‡i| Zv`i‡K A¤ø ag©x A·vBW e‡j| B2O3, †mvwWqvg nvB‡Wªv·vB‡Wi mv‡_
wewµqv K‡i †mvwWqvg †ev‡iU jeY I cvwb Drcbœ K‡i|
G Kvi‡Y B2O3 †K A¤øag©x A·vBW e‡j|
B2O3 + 2NaOH 
 Na3BO3 + H2O