Understanding Culture, Society and Politics– Grade 11

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Quarter 2- Module 5 & Module 6 (Lesson 1 – Lesson 2.1)
First Edition, 2020

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UNDERTANDING CULTURE,
SOCIETY AND POLITICS

Quarter 2- Module 5
How Society Is Organized

Module 6 (Lesson 1 – Lesson 2.1)

Cultural, Social and Political
Institutions

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 Table of Contents

Module 5 – How Society Is Organized

What I Need to Know 1

What Expected from You to Learn 1
What I Know (Pretest) 1-2

Lesson 1 and 2 – Groups Within Society 3

Formal Organizations
Activity 1 3
What’s Knew 4-6
Activity 2 6
Activity 3 7
What I Have Learned 8
Assessment (Post-test) 9
Key Answers 10
Glossary 11
References 12

Module 6 – Cultural, Social, and Political Institutions

What I Need to Know 13

What expected from you to learn 13
What I Know (Pretest) 13-14
Activity 1 15

Lesson 1- Kinship, Marriage, and the Household

What Is It 16-17
Activity 2 17
Activity 3 18
What I Have Learned 18

Lesson 2 – Family and the Household and Politics of Kinship

What I Need to Know 19
What expected from you to learn 19
What I Know 20
Activity 1 20
What Is It 20-21
Activity 2 22
What I Have Learned 22
Lesson 2.1 – Political and Leadership Structures
What I Need to Know 23
What expected from you to learn 23
Activity 1 23
What Is It 24-26
Activity 2 26
Activity 3 26-27
What I Have Learned 28
 Module 5
How Society Is Organized

What I Need to Know?

These social groups can be a family, a village, a political party, and a trade
union are also social groups. Each group maintains solidarity with all other groups
and other types of social systems.

This module has two lessons:

 Lesson 1- Groups within society
 Lesson 2 – Formal organization

What expected from you to learn?

1. Identify the different types of groups in society.
2. Appreciate the importance of interactions in the society.
3. Differentiate bureaucracy and mcdonaldization.

What I Know? (Pretest)

Directions: Encircle the letter of the best answer.
1. It is a small, intimate and less specialized group whose members
engaged in face to face and emotion based interactions over extended
period of time.
a. Secondary c. Out-group
b. Primary d. In-group
2. It is a group to which one belongs and with which one feels a sense
identity.
a. Secondary c. Out-group
b. Primary d. In-group
3. It is a larger, less intimate and more specialized groups were member
engaged in an impersonal and objective-oriented relationship for a
limited time.
a. Secondary c. Out-group

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 b. Primary d. In-group
4. It is a group to which one does not belong and feels a sense of
competitiveness or hostility.
a. Reference group c. Out-group
b. Primary group d. In-group
5. It is a group which an individual compare themselves such group
strongly influences an individual behavior and social attitude.
a. Reference group c. Out-group
b. Primary group d. In-group
6. It refers to both a body of non-elected government officials and an
administrative policy-making group.
a. Reference group c. Bureaucracy
b. Mcdonaldization d. In-group
7. Every bureaucracy has written rules and files that serve as the organizational
memory of the bureaucracy.
a. Files & Positions
b. Offices are hierarchically ordered
c. Positions require specialized training
d. Official activity demands the full working capacity of the official
8. It refers to the office that is responsible for completing the tasks of the office,
regardless of the number of hours it might take.
a. Files & Positions
b. Offices are hierarchically ordered
c. Positions require specialized training
d. Official activity demands the full working capacity of the official
9. It is defined as a collection of people who regularly interact with one another
on the basis of shared expectations concerning behavior and who share a
sense of common identity.
a. Reference group c. Social group
b. Primary group d. In-group
10. It is a concept developed by American sociologist which refers to the
particular kind of rationalization of production, work, and consumption
that rose to prominence in the late twentieth century.
a. Reference group c. Bureaucracy
b. Mcdonaldization d. In-group

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 Lessons 1 & 2
Groups Within Society and Formal
Organizations
Content Standard 1. Cultural, social, and political institutions as sets of
norms and patterns of behavior that relate to major
social interests.
Performance 1. Analyze aspects of social organization.
Standard 2. Identify one’s role in social groups and institutions.
Learning 1. Traces kinship ties and social networks.
Competency UCSP11/12HSO-IIi-20

Activity 1: What’s New?

Directions: Describe the picture in at least three (3) sentences.

Write your insights here…

https://www.flickr.com/photos/hojucandy/530549757/in/photolist

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 What is It?
What is Social Group?
Social group can be defined as a collection of people who regularly interact
with one another on the basis of shared expectations concerning behavior and who
share a sense of common identity. With these qualifications to what constitute a
group, it will be better to describe the categories or groups based on some
standards:
Primary Group is small, intimate and less specialized groups whose members
engaged in face to face and emotion based interactions over extended period of
time. Examples are family, close friends, work related peers, classmates and church
groups.
Secondary Groups are larger, less intimate and more specialized groups were
member engaged in an impersonal and objective-oriented relationship for a limited
time. (Example, employees with in specific office, varsity players and artists in show
business)
In-group is a group to which one belongs and with which one feels a sense identity.
Out-group is a group to which one does not belong and to which one feels a sense
of competitiveness or hostility.
Reference group a group to which an individual compare their selves such group
strongly influences an individual behavior and social attitude. It is considered as raw
models since the individual uses it as standard for self-assessment network refers to
the structure of relationships between social actors or groups. These are
interconnections, ties, linkages between people, their groups and the larger
institution which belong to it.
Bureaucracy
Bureaucracy refers to both a body of non-elected government officials and
an administrative policy-making group. Historically, a bureaucracy was a government
administration managed by departments staffed with non-elected officials.
Bureaucracy, specific form of organization defined by complexity, division of labor,
permanence, professional management, hierarchical coordination and control, strict
chain of command, and legal authority. It is distinguished from informal and collegial
organizations. In its ideal form, bureaucracy is impersonal and rational and based on
rules rather than ties of kinship, friendship, or patrimonial or charismatic authority.
Bureaucratic organization can be found in both public and private institutions.
To understand more about this lesson, there are identified characteristics of
modern bureaucracy.

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There are principles of official jurisdictional areas
Simply put every bureaucracy has its own special area: firemen do not arrest
criminals, doctors do not empty bedpans, and professors do not deliver mail.
The regular activities are assigned as official duties. At this point in the discussion,
the key here is that regular duties are assigned-everyone has a role (a jurisdiction).
The authority to give commands is distributed in a formal way and regulated.
Certain people have the right to control others, and this is spelled out clearly.
Methodical provision is made for the regular and continuous fulfillment of these
duties; only persons who qualify under general rules are employed.
Bureaucracy works regardless of a particular person. Individuals can come
and go, but the position is defined by the workflow and the rules guiding behavior of
occupants in that position.

Offices are hierarchically ordered

This idea creates a clear system of authority. This makes it possible for the
governed to appeal, in a regulated manner, the decision of a lower office to the
corresponding authority. Similarly, those in a particular position can always find a
boss of their own supervisor (except, of course, at the highest level), to appeal.
When fully developed, these systems are monocratically organized. This means that
any position has only one boss, allowing for clear lines of authority.

Files & Positions

That every bureaucracy has written rules and files that serve as the
organizational memory of the bureaucracy. (Think of transcripts -- your grades will be
known by the university long after every person in the office now has quite the job).
This is what allows the continuous fulfillment of a position. The work of the
bureaucracy is done outside of one's home. It is an official activity, not a private
activity. This separation of the office from the individual highlights the regulated,
rational status of the position as distinct from the person.

Positions require specialized training

People are appointed to offices based on explicit qualifications (which are
written down). This, as it turns out, is one of the key features relating bureaucracy to
meritocracy.

Official activity demands the full working capacity of the official

An office holder is responsible for completing the tasks of the office,
regardless of the number of hours it might take. Thus, as any of you will discover
when you take on a salary position, you work to get the job done, not to full the clock.
MW expands this and the previous point under his description of the position holder

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Office Management follows exhaustive, stable, written rules, which can
be learned.
Every office holder's duties are clear, as are the responsibilities that each has
to the other. In practice, knowledge of these rules is a key type of specialized
training (this is why politically appointed ambassadors do so poorly -- they don't
know the rules of the game needed to get things done). Individuals cannot rule by
decree -- they have to apply abstract, general rule. Again, this is a way of ensuring
that individuals do not have power, but office holders do. This is in direct contrast to
rule by notables -- by patronage systems.

McDonaldization

McDonaldization is a concept developed by American sociologist which

refers to the particular kind of rationalization of production, work, and consumption
that rose to prominence in the late twentieth century. The basic idea is that these
elements have been adapted based on the characteristics of a fast-food restaurant
efficiency, calculability, predictability and standardization, control and that this
adaptation has ripple effects throughout all aspects of society

Activity 2: What’s More?

Directions: From the different groups that you have learned above, choose one that
you think provided the most significant impacts in your life. Write the group in
column A and write the corresponding impact in column B.

Column A Column B

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 Activity 3: Additional Activities
I. Directions: List the social groups and its importance to the lives of the people.

Different social groups Importance of interactions

II. Directions: In a clean sheet of paper answer the following questions:

A. Give examples of the following groups:
1. Reference group
2. Secondary group
3. Primary group
4. in –group
5. out– group

B. List down the advantages and disadvantages of the in –group and out– group.
In-group out-group
Advantages

Disadvantages

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 What I Have Learned?
Groups and how they behave are not necessarily categorized in terms of
membership, actual as in the primary and secondary group or imagined as in
reference groups. They may be categorized in terms of how an individual is linked n
any groups like the networks defined as sets of informal and formal social ties that
linked people to each other. As we can see from the previous discussion, groups
may influence their members in a variety of ways, from their thinking and actual
behavior. Sometimes a violent behaviors and certain forms biases. With these, we
can appreciate the incite that group are part of social concerns in thoughts and in
action.

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 Assessment (Post-test)
Directions: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. It is a small, intimate and less specialized group whose members engaged in
face to face and emotion based interactions over extended period of time.
a. Secondary b. Primary c. Out-group d. In-group
2. It is a group to which one does not belong and feels a sense of
competitiveness or hostility.
a. Reference b. Primary c. Out-group d. In-group
3. It is a group to which one belongs and with which one feels a sense identity.
a. Secondary b. Primary c. Out-group d. In-group
4. It is a larger, less intimate and more specialized groups were member
engaged in an impersonal and objective-oriented relationship for a limited
time.
a. Secondary b. Primary c. Out-group d. In-group
5. It refers to both a body of non-elected government officials and an
administrative policy-making group.
a.Reference group b. Mcdonaldization c. Bureaucracy d. In-group
6. It is a group which an individual compare themselves such group strongly
influences an individual behavior and social attitude.
a. Reference b. Primary c. Out-group d. In-group
7. Every bureaucracy has written rules and files that serve as the organizational
memory of the bureaucracy.
a. Files & Positions
b. Offices are hierarchically ordered
c. Positions require specialized training
d. Official activity demands the full working capacity of the official
8. It refers to the office that is responsible for completing the tasks of the office,
regardless of the number of hours it might take.
a. Files & Positions
b. Offices are hierarchically ordered
c. Positions require specialized training
d. Official activity demands the full working capacity of the official
9. It is a concept developed by American sociologist which refers to the
particular kind of rationalization of production, work, and consumption that
rose to prominence in the late twentieth century.
a. Reference group b. Mcdonaldization c. Bureaucracy d. In-group
10. It is defined as a collection of people who regularly interact with one another
on the basis of shared expectations concerning behavior and who share a
sense of common identity.
a. Reference group b. Primary group c. Social group d. In-group

9
 Key Answers

Pre-test

1. B
2. D
3. A
4. C
5. A
6. C
7. A
8. D
9. C
10. B

Post-test

1. B
2. C
3. D
4. A
5. C
6. A
7. A
8. D
9. B
10. C

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 Glossary
Social group can be defined as a collection of people who regularly interact with
one another on the basis of shared expectations concerning behavior and who share
a sense of common identity.
Primary Group is small, intimate and less specialized groups whose members
engaged in face to face and emotion based interactions over extended period of
time.
Secondary Groups are larger, less intimate and more specialized groups were
member engaged in an impersonal and objective-oriented relationship for a limited
time.
In-group is a group to which one belongs and with which one feels a sense identity.
Out-group is a group to which one does not belong and to which one feels a sense
of competitiveness or hostility.
Reference group a group to which an individual compare their selves such group
strongly influences an individual behavior and social attitude.
Bureaucracy refers to both a body of non-elected government officials and an
administrative policy-making group.
McDonaldization is a concept developed by American sociologist which refers to
the particular kind of rationalization of production, work, and consumption that rose
to prominence in the late twentieth century.

11
 References
https://www.flickr.com/photos/hojucandy/530549757/in/photolist
https://www2.palomar.edu/anthro/kinship/kinship_1.:htm
https://www.mormon.org/beliefs/the-family
http://www.shareyouressays.com/knowledge/relationhipbetween/authority/and/legitimacy-in-
pplitics/112557
http://countrystudies.us/araguay/29.htm
Contreras,AP,et.al(2016).Understanding Culture, Society and Politics. Phoenix Publishing
House Inc. Quezon City.

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