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    Cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute. It is calculated as stroke volume multiplied by heart rate. Stroke volume refers to the amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction. Factors that affect stroke volume, and thereby cardiac output, include preload, afterload, and contractility. Preload refers to the degree of stretch of the heart muscle prior to contraction. Greater preload results in stronger contraction and higher stroke volume. Afterload is the resistance against which the heart must pump blood. Higher afterload results in lower stroke volume. Contractility is the force of myocardial contraction - stronger contractility results in higher stroke volume and cardiac output.

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    Cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute. It is calculated as stroke volume multiplied by heart rate. Stroke volume refers to the amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction. Factors that affect stroke volume, and thereby cardiac output, include preload, afterload, and contractility. Preload refers to the degree of stretch of the heart muscle prior to contraction. Greater preload results in stronger contraction and higher stroke volume. Afterload is the resistance against which the heart must pump blood. Higher afterload results in lower stroke volume. Contractility is the force of myocardial contraction - stronger contractility results in higher stroke volume and cardiac output.

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    9 views13 pages

    #4cardiac Output PDF

    Uploaded by

    kimberly dedase
    Cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute. It is calculated as stroke volume multiplied by heart rate. Stroke volume refers to the amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction. Factors that affect stroke volume, and thereby cardiac output, include preload, afterload, and contractility. Preload refers to the degree of stretch of the heart muscle prior to contraction. Greater preload results in stronger contraction and higher stroke volume. Afterload is the resistance against which the heart must pump blood. Higher afterload results in lower stroke volume. Contractility is the force of myocardial contraction - stronger contractility results in higher stroke volume and cardiac output.

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    of 13

    CARDIAC OUTPUT

    Dr. Alma Sorrera-Banua


    Faculty, BUCN
    Objectives
    At the end of the discussion the student
    will be able to:
    1. Compute for the Cardiac output
    2. Explain the factors that affect stroke
    volume
    Cardiac Cycle
    DIASTOLE SYSTOLE
    ▪ relaxation, fills with ▪ Ventricular
    blood from coronary contraction/ ejection
    arteries
    ▪ 2nd heart sound (S2 ▪ 1st heart sound-
    (dub) S1(lub)
    ▪ Semilunar valves ▪ AV valves close
    close ▪ Aortic & Pulmonary
    ▪ Mitral & tricuspid valves open
    valves open
    Where does the blood flow?
    What is Cardiac Output?
    Cardiac Output = SV X HR
    • Adult resting C.O.
    = 4- 6L per minute.
    • Stroke volume:
    amount of
    blood/heartbeat
    • Average resting
    SV = 60-130ml
    • Exercise increase total cardiac output
    to 20 ml/minute.

    Mr. Anton aged 25 years old regularly plays


    basketball in their backyard.
    A. CR at rest= 70/min
    B. CR while playing basketball= 110/min
    Compute for his cardiac output.
    How will the C.O. increase?
    What are factors that regulate SV?

    Contractility
    1) Preload
    • Refers to degree of stretch of
    myocardium at end of diastole.
    • As volume of blood returns to the heart
    muscle fiber stretch also preload
    • results in stronger contraction & a greater
    stroke volume. (Frank-Starling law)

    Preload contraction SV
    2) Afterload
    • Refers to amount of resistance to
    ejection of blood from left ventricle.

    Arterial vasoconstriction Afterload


    thereby SV
    Arterial vasodilation Afterload
    thereby SV
    3) Contractility

    • force generated by contracting


    myocardium.

    contraction = SV
    Let’s
    summarize
    References
    Hinkle and Cheever (2018).Brunner & Suddarth’s Textbook of Medical
    and Surgical Nursing, 14th ed, Lippincott & William & Wilkins

    Images from:
    Ali Youssef (2017) What Are Preload and Afterload? Discussion in
    'Physiology’. https://forum.facmedicine.com/threads/what-are-preload-
    and-afterload.31950/https://forum.facmedicine.com/threads/what-are-
    preload-and-afterload.31950/

    Innovations Company (2009) The Cardiovascular System: Cardiac


    Cycle.http://www.vascularconcepts.com/content/pages.php?pg=patient
    s cardio_system&page=cardiac_cycle

    Heart Failure/Structural & Inflammatory Diseases of the Heart-AH


    ch.30. https://quizlet.com/187952982/heart-failurestructural-
    inflammatory-diseases-of-the-heart-ah-ch30-flash-cards/

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