All MCQ HVDC PDF

Question Category UNIT-3 MCQ QUIZ BANK Revised
Question 1
Different form of High voltages
Correct Feedback: Correct
Incorrect Feedback: Incorrect
Choose one answer.
1. High DC voltages
Feedback: Incorrect
2. High AC voltages of power frequency
Feedback: Incorrect
3. High AC voltage of High Frequency
Feedback: Incorrect
4. High Transient or Impulse voltage of Very short duration
Feedback: Incorrect
5. Transient Voltages of longer duration such as switching surges
Feedback: Incorrect
6. All of above
Feedback: Correct
Question 2
High voltage transformers are normally used in high voltage labs for
testing purpose
Choose True or False.
1. True
Feedback: Correct
2. False
Feedback: Incorrect
Question 3
High Voltage power frequency test transformers are required to
produce single phase very high
voltages
1. True
2. False
Question 6
In case of Resonant transformer voltage will very high
1. True
2. False
Question 7
In case of resonant transformer at certain loading condition capacitance is
equal to inductance
1. True
2. False
Question 8
In case of Parallel Resonant transformer out put voltage is independent of
Q Factor
1. True
2. False
Question 9
Tesla coil circuit works on the principle of resonance
Page 1
1. True
2. False
Question 10
Function of tesla coil to produce wireless communication
1. True
Feedback:
2. False
Feedback:
Question 14
A Tesla coil is a radio frequency oscillator that drives the air-core
double-tuned resonant transformer to
produce high voltages with low currents.
1. True
2. False
Question 15
Tesla coil uses a specialized transformer called a
1. Resonant transformer
2. A radio-frequency transformer
3. an oscillation transformer.
4. All of above
Question 16
In Tesla coil combination of a capacitor and primary winding ‘L1’ of
the circuit forms a tuned circuit
Choose True or False
.
1. True
2. False
Question 26
Selection of BIL level for lines depend
Correct Feedback:
Incorrect Feedback:
1. Atmospheric conditions
Feedback:
2. lightning activity
Feedback:
3. insulation
Feedback:
4. All of above
Feedback:
Question 27
Multiplier Circuits are designed to overcome the difficulties in higher
voltage generation using
cascaded voltage multiplier circuits which require too many supply
and isolating transformers.
1. True
2. False
Question 5
Cascading Transformer used for Energizing the experimental
transmission line
Page 2
1. True
2. False
Question 4
Advantages of Cascading Transformer are
Correct Feedback:
Incorrect Feedback:
1. Light and Compact

Feedback:
2. Transportation and assembly is easy
Feedback:
3. The construction is identical for isolating transformer and high voltage
cascade unit 3 phase
connection in delta and star is possible for 3 unit
Feedback:
4. All of above
Feedback:
Question 11
Tesla coil is used to produce high-voltage, low-current, high frequency
alternating-current electricity
1. True
Feedback:
2. False
Feedback:
Question 12
The Tesla coil works with the principle of Electromagnetic Induction.
According to which, when a
conductor is placed under a varying magnetic field, a small current will be
induced inside the
conductor
1. True
Feedback:
2. False
Feedback:
Question 13
In case of Tesla coil gap of air between two electrodes generates the
spark of electricity
1. True
Feedback:
2. False
Feedback:
Question 17
An impulse voltage is a unidirectional voltage which, without
appreciable oscillations, rises rapidly to a
maximum value and falls more or less rapidly to zero
1. True
Feedback:
2. False
Feedback:
Page 3
Question 32
Application of HVDC X-Ray units
Correct Feedback:
Incorrect Feedback:
1. Electrostatic precipitators
Feedback:
2. Particle Accelerators in nuclear physics
Feedback:
3. Electron Microscopes
Feedback:
4. All of above
Feedback:
Question 19
What are the applications of impulse current wave forms of high
magnitude?
Correct Feedback:
Incorrect Feedback:
1. Studies of electric plasmas in high current discharges

Feedback:
2. Electric arc studies
Feedback:
3. Testing of non-linear resistors
Feedback:
4. Testing of surge diverters
Feedback:
5. All of above
Feedback:
Question 20
The high frequency resonant transformer gives distorted sine wave
output
1. True
Feedback:
2. False
Feedback:
Question 21
In case of impulse wave Time required for the wave to rise from 10%
to 90% is called tail time
1. True
Feedback:
2. False
Feedback:
Question 22
Components of a multi stage impulse generator are
Correct Feedback:
Incorrect Feedback:
1. DC charging unit
Feedback:
Page 4
2. Battery
Feedback:
3. Inductor
Feedback:
4. DIode
Feedback:
Question 23
In case of Impulse generator A bank of capacitors connected in
parallel are charged to a specified
value and are discharged through a series R-L circuit
1. True
Feedback:
2. False
Feedback:
Question 24
If the series resistance R is increased, the wave front oscillations are
damped, but the peak value of
the voltage is also reduced. Thereby circuit inductance can be
controlled and minimized in the impulse
current generator
1. True
Feedback:
2. False
Feedback:
Question 32
The change of average voltage across the load from the no load theoretical
value expressed as a
percentage of no load is called regulation
1. True
Feedback:
2. False
Feedback:
Question 28
In Multi stage impulse generator Marx circuit bank of capacitors are
charged in parallel and then
discharged in series
1. True
Feedback:
2. False
Feedback:
Question 29
Trigatron Gap is one of methods of tripping and control of impulse
generators
1. True
Feedback:
2. False
Feedback:
Question 30
In order to have consistency in sparking irradiation in the form of U V
lamp is provided at the bottom of
all gaps
Page 5
1. True
Feedback:
2. False
Feedback:
Question Category Unit 1 MCQ quiz

Question 1
A gas in normal state is almost a perfect
1. Conductor
Feedback: Incorrect
2. Insulator
Feedback: Correct
3. Semi-conductor
Feedback: Incorrect
4. Dielectric
Feedback: Incorrect
Question 2
Which theory explains the mechanism for breakdown under different
conditions?
1. Townsend theory
Feedback: Incorrect
2. Streamer theory
Feedback: Incorrect
3. Clump theory
Feedback: Incorrect
4. Only (a) and (b)
Feedback: Correct
Question 3
Paschen's law is associated with
1. breakdown voltage
Feedback: Correct
2. ionization
Feedback: Incorrect
3. thermal radiations
Feedback: Incorrect
4. none of the above
Feedback: Incorrect
Question 4
The essential condition for the Paschen's law to be valid is that
1. voltage must be dc
Feedback: Incorrect
2. voltage must be ac
Feedback: Incorrect
3. temperature must be constant
Feedback: Correct
4. humidity must be low.
Feedback: Incorrect
Question 5
Page 1
The breakdown voltage in gases depends on
1. distance between the electrodes

Feedback: Incorrect
2. relative air density
Feedback: Incorrect
3. humidity
Feedback: Incorrect
4. all of the above
Feedback: Correct
Question 6
At unvarying temperature breakdown voltage in a uniform field is a function
of the product of gas
pressure and distance between the electrodes. The above statement is
known as
1. Electron avalanche
Feedback: Incorrect
2. Thermal stability principle
Feedback: Incorrect
3. Paschen's law
Feedback: Correct
4. Breakdown voltage law.
Feedback: Incorrect
Question 7
In 'plasma' state a gas
1. loses electrical conductivity

Feedback: Incorrect
2. conducts electricity
Feedback: Correct
3. becomes perfect insulator
Feedback: Incorrect
4. attracts moisture.
Feedback: Incorrect
Question 8
According to Paschen’s law, the breakdown voltage = __________
1. F (p/d)
Feedback: Incorrect
2. F / (pd)
Feedback: Incorrect
3. F (pd)
Feedback: Correct
4. F + p + d
Feedback: Incorrect
Question 9
Paschen law relates the breakdown voltage with pressure and electrode
separation. For a particular
gas the correct relationship as per Paschen’s law is:
1. Breakdown voltage is directly proportional to pressure and inversely to

separation
Feedback: Incorrect
2. Breakdown voltage is directly proportional to separation and inversely to
pressure
Feedback: Incorrect
3. Breakdown voltage is inversely proportional to both
Feedback: Incorrect
4. Breakdown voltage is directly proportional to both
Feedback: Correct
Question 10
The gas which is employed as insulating material:
1. Oxygen
Feedback: Incorrect
2. Sulphur Hexafluoride
Feedback: Correct
3. Tetra fluoromethane
Feedback: Incorrect
4. Ethylamine
Feedback: Incorrect
Question 11
The relative dielectric strength of SF6 as compared to air is
1. 1.5 times
Feedback: Incorrect
2. 2 times
Feedback: Incorrect
3. 2.5 times
Feedback: Correct
4. 3 times
Feedback: Incorrect
Question 12
The correct statement about Paschen’s law states that breakdown voltage
of a uniform gap is directly
proportional to
1. Pressure of the gas

Feedback: Incorrect
2. Separation of electrode
Feedback: Incorrect
3. Material of electrode
Feedback: Incorrect
4. All of these
Feedback: Correct
Question 13
Page 3
Townsend avalanche is a gas ionisation process where free electrons are
accelerated by an electric
field, collide with gas molecules, and consequently free additional
electrons.
1. True
Feedback: Correct
2. False
Feedback: Incorrect
Question 14
The Townsend mechanism explains the phenomenon of breakdown
1. Only at low pressure

Feedback: Correct
2. Only at high pressure
Feedback: Incorrect
3. Only at very high pressure
Feedback: Incorrect
4. Only bat very low pressure
Feedback: Incorrect
Question 15
Formative time lag depends on the mechanism of the avalanche growth in
gap. The formative time lag
is usually
1. Much shorter than the statistical time lag

Feedback: Correct
2. Much greater than the statistical time lag
Feedback: Incorrect
3. Equal to the statistical time lag
Feedback: Incorrect
4. None of these
Feedback: Incorrect
Question 16
The statistical time lag depends upon the
1. Size of gap
Feedback: Incorrect
2. Quantity of radiation that produces the primary electrons
Feedback: Incorrect
3. Amount of pre-ionization preset gap
Feedback: Incorrect
4. All of these
Feedback: Correct
Question 17
According to Paschen's curve at standard pressure, the breakdown voltage
reduces with the gap
length up to a point.
1. True
Feedback: Correct
2. False
Page 4
Feedback: Incorrect
Question 18
By applying a sensible electrical field, the dielectric gases can be polarised
1. True
Feedback: Correct
2. False
Feedback: Incorrect
Question 19
Gaseous dielectrics are not practically free of electrically charged particles.
1. True
Feedback: Correct
2. False
Feedback: Incorrect
Question 20
The corona discharge on transmission lines may be avoided by
1. Increasing effective conductor radius

Feedback: Correct
2. Increasing the operating voltage
Feedback: Incorrect
3. Decreasing the spacing between the conductors
Feedback: Incorrect
4. None of these
Feedback: Incorrect
Question 21
Higher the frequency, _____________.
1. Lower the corona loss.

Feedback: Incorrect
2. Higher is the corona loss
Feedback: Correct
3. Does not effect
Feedback: Incorrect
4. Depends on the physical conditions.
Feedback: Incorrect
Question 22
Townsend avalanche is a gas ionisation process where free electrons are
accelerated by an electric
field, collide with gas molecules, and consequently free additional electrons
1. True
Feedback: Correct
2. False
Feedback: Incorrect
Question 23
A Townsend discharge can be sustained only over a limited range of gas

pressure and electric field
intensity
1. True
Feedback: Correct
2. False
Feedback: Incorrect
Question 24
This limit is the Townsend discharge breakdown voltage, also called
ignition voltage of the tube.
1. True
Feedback: Correct
2. False
Feedback: Incorrect
Question 25
Streamer theory breakdown mainly arises due to the added effect of the
space- charge field of an
avalanche and photo-electric ionization in the gas volume.
1. True
Feedback: Correct
2. False
Feedback: Incorrect
Question 26
The ionized region grows quickly in that direction, forming a finger-like
discharge called a streamer.
1. True
Feedback: Correct
2. False
Feedback: Incorrect
Question 27
The time required for the ionization processes to develop fully to cause the
breakdown of the gap, and
this time is called the formative time lag (tf).
1. True
Feedback: Correct
2. False
Feedback: Incorrect
Question 28
Electronegative gases are the gases that have affinity towards electrons.
When electron comes into
contact with these gas molecules, the gas molecule attracts the electrons
and becomes negative ion
1. True
Feedback: Incorrect
2. False
Feedback: Incorrect
Question 29
Page 6
Townsends Primary ionization coefficient α is defined as the average
number of ionizing collision
made by the free electron per centimeter travel in the direction of applied
electric field
1. True
Feedback: Correct
2. False
Feedback: Incorrect
Question 30
The Townsend’s secondary ionization coefficient g is defined as the net
number of secondary
electrons produced per incident positive ion, photon, excited particle or
metastable particle.
1. True
Feedback: Correct
2. False
Feedback: Incorrect
Question Category Unit 5 MCQ
Question 1
The Charge Separation depends on the height of the cloud
1. True
Feedback: Correct
2. False
Feedback: Incorrect
Question 2
According to Simpson Theory the charge distribution in cloud is somewhat
random
1. True
Feedback: Correct
2. False
Feedback: Incorrect
Question 3
According to Wilson Theory the charge distribution is more uniform in cloud
1. True
Feedback: Correct
2. False
Feedback: Incorrect
Question 4
Lightning arrestor provide a low resistance path for surge current to the
ground so that the high
voltage produced will not affect the equipment
1. True
2. False
Question 5
Rod Gap arrester generally located across the bushings of transformer and
generally used as back up
protection in case of main arrestor
1. True
2. False
Question 6
Horn Gap Arrester is more superior than rod type arrestor
1. True
2. False
Question 7
For operating power frequency voltages, a surge arrester has to be a
1. Conductor
2. Non-conductor
3. Semiconductor
4. None of these
Question 8
Surge diverters are
Page 1
1. non-linear resistors in series with spark gaps which act as fast
switches
2. arc quenching devices
3. shunt reactors to limit the voltage rise due to Ferranti effect
4. over-voltages of power frequency harmonics.
Question 9
The switching surge can be best explained as
1. D.C in nature
2. A.C in nature
3. Very long duration transient voltage
4. Short duration transient voltage
Question 10
The Insulation coordination cover guarding the equipment insulation and
safety of protective
equipment
1. True
2. False
Question 11
Simpson's theory is based on the temperature variations in the various
regions of the cloud. When
water droplets are broken due to air currents, water droplets acquire
positive charges whereas the air
is negatively charged
1. True
2. False
Question 12
The phenomenon of discharging accumulated charge from one cloud into
another neighbouring cloud
or ground is known as Lightning Phenomenon
1. True
Feedback:
2. False
Feedback:
Question 13
Cloud formation theory are
Correct Feedback:
Incorrect Feedback:
1. Simpson's Theory
Feedback:
2. Reynolds
Feedback:
3. Mason's Theory
Feedback:
4. Wilson Theory
Feedback:
5. All of abOve
Feedback:
Question 14
Page 2
The cloud and the ground form 2 plates of an extremely large capacitor and
the dielectric medium is
air .The earth is positively charged by induction if air between the cloud and
earth break down
lightning discharge will occur
1. True
Feedback:
2. False
Feedback:
Question 15
Types of lightning arrestor
Correct Feedback:
Incorrect Feedback:
1. Multi gap Arrestor
Feedback:
2. .Expulsion Type Arrestor
Feedback:
3. Valve type Arrestor
Feedback:
4. Metal oxide Arrestor
Feedback:
5. All of Above
Feedback:
Question 16
Direct Lightning stroke is directly discharges on to transmission line or line
wires
1. True
Feedback:
2. False
Feedback:
Question 17
Induced lighting stroke is nothing but cloud generates negative charge at its
base
1. True
Feedback:
2. False
Feedback:
Question 18
The co-relation of the insulation of various equipments in the power system
with the insulation of the
protective devices used for protection of these equipment against over
voltage is known as Insulation
Coordination
1. True
Feedback:
2. False
Feedback:
Question 19
Basic Impulse Insulation Level are references level expressed in impulse
crest voltages with standard
wave not longer than 1.2/50us wave
1. True
Page 3
Feedback:
2. False
Feedback:
Question 20
Metal Oxide Surge arrester uses zinc oxide semiconductor as a resistor
material
1. True
Feedback:
2. False
Feedback:
Question 21
The metal oxide surge arrester
Correct Feedback:
Incorrect Feedback:
1. It eliminates the risk of spark over and also the risk of shock to the
system when the gaps
break down
Feedback:
2. It eliminates the need of voltage grading system
Feedback:
3. At the normal operating condition, the leakage current in the ZnO is very
low as compared to
other diverters
Feedback:
4. There is no power follow current in ZnO diverter. It has high energy
absorbing capability.
Feedback:
5. All of above
Feedback:
Question 22
Surge-diverters or lightning arrester is a device used for distracting
abnormal high voltage to ground
without affecting the continuity of supply.
1. True
Feedback:
2. False
Feedback:
Question 23
The main cause of these voltage surges in power system are due to
lightning impulses and switching
impulses of the system. But over voltage in the power system may also be
caused by, insulation
failure, arcing ground and resonance etc
1. True
Feedback:
2. False
Feedback:
Question 24
Wilson‘s theory is based on the assumption that a large number of ions are
present in the atmosphere.
Many of these ions attach themselves to small dust particles and water
particles. It also assumes that
an electric field exists in the earth‘s atmosphere during fair weather which
is directed downwards
towards the earth
Page 4
1. True
Feedback:
2. False
Feedback:
Question 25
The upper regions of the cloud are positively charged, whereas the lower
region and the base are
predominantly negative except the local region near the base and the head
which is possible
1. True
Feedback:
2. False
Feedback:
Question 26
Mention the different theories of charge formation., and
Correct Feedback:
Incorrect Feedback:
1. Simpson’s theory
Feedback:
2. Reynolds’s theory
Feedback:
3. Mason’s theory
Feedback:
4. all of above
Feedback:
Question 27
The main disadvantages of Zinc Oxide arrester is continuous flow of power
frequency current and the
consequent power loss
1. True
Feedback:
2. False
Feedback:
Question 28
The surge arresters are non-linear resistors in series with spark gaps which
act as fast switches
1. True
Feedback:
2. False
Feedback:
Question 29
In case of Expulsion type arrestor re striking possibility of arc is very high
1. True
Feedback:
2. False
Feedback:
Question 30
Gap less arrester have more durability for multiple operation duty
Page 5
1. True
Feedback:
2. False
Feedback:
Question Category Unit 6 MCQ revised
Question 1
Types of Power frequency test in testing of insulator
Correct Feedback:
Incorrect Feedback:
1. Dry Flash over test

Feedback:
2. Wet flash over test
Feedback:
3. Dry and wet withstand test
Feedback:
4. All of above
Feedback:
Question 2
In Dry flash over test the mean of flash over voltage should not be less than
specified power frequency
Voltage

1. True
2. False
Question 3
In case of Wet and Dry withstand test the test voltage applied to the
insulator is the specified value of
the wet power frequency withstand voltage adjusted for atmospheric
condition at the time of test
1. True
2. False
Question 4
In case of insulators Pollution Test also known as salt fog test
1. True
2. False
Question 5
Type of Power frequency test in testing of bushing
1. Power Factor Test
2. Partial Discharge Test
3. Visible Discharge Test
4. All of above
Question 6
High voltage Schering bridge is used for Power Factor Test in case of
Testing of Bushing
1. True
2. False
Question 7
Need of H V laboratory
Correct Feedback:
Incorrect Feedback:
1. to find dielectric strength of Solid Liquid and gas insulating material

Feedback:
2. to find Electrical interference in transmission line
Page 1
Feedback:
3. Testing of electrical Appratus
Feedback:
4. All of above
Feedback:
Question 8
The lightning Arrester is conducted
1. in Series with line
2. between line and earth
3. to a pole near the line
4. to circuit breaker
Question 9
A lightning arrestor is usually located nearer to -
1. busbar
2. transformer
3. circuit breaker
4. isolator
Question 10
Which test is conducted to confirm the withstanding capabilities of
insulation?
1. One minute power frequency withstand test
2. Lightning impulse withstand test
3. Switching impulse withstand test
4. All of these
Question 11
The voltage at which electrical stress in the insulation makes the insulator
to fail is
1. Withstand voltage
2. Impulse voltage
3. Disruptive discharge voltage
4. None of these
Question 12
The cable routine test involves the application of ac voltage which is
________ times rated rated
voltage and for approximately _______ minutes
1. 1/2, 2 minutes
2. 1.5, 3 minutes
3. 2.5, 10 minute
4. 10, 50 minute
Question 13
Impulse tests are performed on transformers:
Correct Feedback:
Incorrect Feedback:
1. To determine insulation ability against transient voltages

Feedback:
2. To test the moisture content in fuel
Feedback:
3. Both of these
Feedback:
4. All of these
Feedback:
Page 2
Question 14
The first step of transformer Impulse testing is to

Correct Feedback:
Incorrect Feedback:
1. Apply an impulse whose magnitude equals 0.75 times the BIL
Feedback:
2. Apply a chopped impulse whose magnitude is 2 times the BIL
Feedback:
3. Apply a full wave impulse whose magnitude is 1.19 times the BIL
Feedback:
4. Apply a full impulse whose magnitude is 0.8 times the BIL
Feedback:
Question 15
Generally _____________ are avoided in construction of impulse
measuring voltage dividers because
they ___________:
Correct Feedback:
Incorrect Feedback:
1. Capacitors, might posses stray capacitance
Feedback:
2. Inductors, can induce stray capacitance
Feedback:
3. Capacitors, carry capacitive impedance
Feedback:
4. Inductors, are very expensive
Feedback:
Question 16
High Voltage testing is usually performed to qualify the device to operate
safely during rated electrical
conditions, a way to check the effectiveness of its insulation
1. True
Feedback:
2. False
Feedback:
Question 17
Test conducted on insulators
Correct Feedback:
Incorrect Feedback:
1. Power Frequency Test
Feedback:
2. Impulse Test
Feedback:
3. All of Above
Feedback:
4. Non of Above
Feedback:
Question 18
commonly used insulator in transmission line tower
Correct Feedback:
Incorrect Feedback:
1. Pin Type
Feedback:
Page 3
2. Suspension Type
Feedback:
3. String Type
Feedback:
4. All of above
Feedback:
Question 19
Impulse voltage withstand test is one of impulse tests conducted on
insulator
1. True
Feedback:
2. False
Feedback:
Question 20
any partial discharge activity takes place in bushing due to voids ,cracks
1. True
Feedback:
2. False
Feedback:
Question 21
Partial Discharge Test in case of Bushing it is recorded by Partial
Discharge measurement circuit
1. True
Feedback:
2. False
Feedback:
Question 22
A modern high voltage laboratory has to be shielded mainly to avoid the
electromagnetic disturbances
of the partial discharge measurements.
1. True
Feedback:
2. False
Feedback:
Question 23
The actual danger zone of the high-voltage circuit must be protected from
unintentional entry by walls
or metallic fences
1. True
Feedback:
2. False
Feedback:
Question 24
The grounding system is essential for breakdown voltage test due to a very
high transient current
flowing through ground
1. True
Feedback:
Page 4
2. False
Feedback:
Question 25
The purpose of a surge (lighting) arrester is to limit the over voltages that
may occur across
transformers and other electrical apparatus due either to lightning or
switching surges
1. True
Feedback:
2. False
Feedback:
Question 26
Is Power Frequency Test is carried on surge arresters
1. True
Feedback:
2. False
Feedback:
Question 27
High Voltage Impulse Withstand Test in case of Power Capacitor ensures
the withstand capability of
insulation used in capacitor unit. Insulation provided on capacitor unit
1. True
Feedback:
2. False
Feedback:
Question 28
Layout of H V laboratory arrangements differ very much from a
arrangements in different
Correct Feedback:
Incorrect Feedback:
1. single equipment to multiple d.c testing program
Feedback:
2. a.c. testing program
Feedback:
3. impulse testing program
Feedback:
4. All of above
Feedback:
Question 29
Classification of High Voltage Laboratories depending on the purpose for
which they are intended and
the resources (finances) available, can be classified into four types.
Correct Feedback:
Incorrect Feedback:
1. Small laboratories
Feedback:
2. Medium size laboratories
Feedback:
3. Large general purpose laboratories
Feedback:
4. UHV laboratories
Page 5
Feedback:
5. All of above
Feedback:
Question 30
If the test is conducted under normal conditions without any rain or
precipitation, it is called “dry
flashover test“. If the test is done under conditions of rain, it is called “wet
flashover test“
1. True
Feedback:
2. False
Feedback:
Question 31
As the level of transmission voltage is increased, switching and dynamic
over voltages and withstand
ability of the insulator under polluted conditions are important factors which
determine the insulation
level of the system
1. True
Feedback:
2. False
Feedback:
Page 6
Question Category UNIT 4 MCQ

Question 1
For voltage measurements, the gap which gives highest accuracy is
1. . Sphere gaps
Feedback: Correct
2. Field gaps
Feedback: Incorrect
3. Rod gaps
Feedback: Incorrect
4. None of these Answer
Feedback: Incorrect
Question 2
In large impulse generators, the spark gaps are generally
1. Sphere gaps
Feedback: Incorrect
2. Hemispherical gaps
Feedback: Incorrect
3. Square gaps
Feedback: Incorrect
4. Either (a) or (b) Answer
Feedback: Correct
Question 3
Field in case of rod gaps and sphere gaps are
1. Uniform, uniform
Feedback: Incorrect
2. Uniform, non-uniform
Feedback: Incorrect
3. Non-uniform, uniform
Feedback: Correct
4. Non-uniform, non-uniform
Feedback: Incorrect
Question 4
____________ is widely employed for measuring HV voltages
1. Field gap
Feedback: Incorrect
2. Sphere gap
Feedback: Correct
3. Rod gap
Feedback: Incorrect
4. All of these
Feedback: Incorrect
Question 5
Sphere gaps can measure:

1. Peak value of d.c
Feedback: Incorrect
2. Peak value of a.c
Feedback: Incorrect
3. Both of these
Feedback: Correct
4. None of these
Feedback: Incorrect
Question 6
Large size sphere gaps are installed in:
1. Horizontal configuration
Feedback: Incorrect
2. Vertical configuration
Feedback: Correct
3. Any of these
Feedback: Incorrect
4. None of these
Feedback: Incorrect
Question 7
The worst gap for measuring the voltages is:
1. Field gap
Feedback: Incorrect
2. Sphere gap
Feedback: Incorrect
3. Rod gap
Feedback: Correct
4. All of these
Feedback: Incorrect
Question 8
The most recommended gap under usual conditions for measuring the
voltages is:
1. Field gap
Feedback: Incorrect
2. Sphere gap
Feedback: Correct
3. Rod gap
Page 2
Feedback: Incorrect
4. All of these
Feedback: Incorrect
Question 9
Factors affecting on Measurement of High Voltage and High Current
1. Humidity
Feedback: Incorrect
2. Temperature
Feedback: Incorrect
3. Pressure
Feedback: Incorrect
4. All of Above
Feedback: Correct
Question 10
Electrostatic voltmeter can measure
1. DC voltmeter
Feedback: Incorrect
2. AC voltmeter
Feedback: Incorrect
3. Both a and b
Feedback: Correct
4. None
Feedback: Incorrect
Question 11
In Electrostatic fields the attractive force between the electrodes of parallel
plate condenser
proportional to square of applied voltage
1. True
Feedback: Correct
2. False
Feedback: Incorrect
Question 12
Electrostatic voltmeter used for measurement of AC as well as DC voltages
1. True
Feedback: Correct
2. False
Feedback: Incorrect
Question 13
Electrostatic voltmeter is suitable for very i.e in MHz high frequency voltage
supply
1. True
Feedback: Incorrect
2. False
Feedback: Correct
Page 3
Question 14
Electrostatic voltmeter have uniform scale

1. True
Feedback: Incorrect
2. False
Feedback: Correct
Question 15
Electrostatic voltmeter can measure voltage upto 1000KV with high
precision
1. True
Feedback: Correct
2. False
Feedback: Incorrect
Question 16
The generating voltmeter has a linear scale
1. True
Feedback: Correct
2. False
Feedback: Incorrect
Question 17
A generating voltmeter is used to measure
1. Impulse voltage
Feedback: Incorrect
2. AC voltage
Feedback: Incorrect
3. DC voltage
Feedback: Correct
4. All
Feedback: Incorrect
Question 18
Generating voltmeter can measure upto 100KV high DC voltage
1. True
Feedback: Correct
2. False
Feedback: Incorrect
Question 19
Peak Reading AC voltmeter need to measure
1. Peak value of AC wave

Feedback: Incorrect
2. To obtain maximum dielectric strength of solid insulating material
Feedback: Incorrect
3. when waveform is not sinusoidal
Feedback: Incorrect
Page 4
4. All of above
Feedback: Correct
Question 20
High AC voltage measurement using method
1. Electrostatic
2. Potential Divider
3. Sphere Gap
4. All of above
Question 23
Capacitance Potential divider is ideal for measurement of fast rising voltage
and pulses
1. True
2. False
Question 24
Capacitance Potential Dividers use for recording of slow or fast transient
voltage
1. True
2. False
Question 26
In case of Capacitive voltage Transformer change in frequency does not
affect operation
1. True
2. False
Question 27
The Capacitance Voltage Transformer used for Power Line Carrier
(PLC)coupling in high frequency
transmission line
1. True
2. False
Question 28
Reason for high current generation in electrical circuit
1. Short circuit
2. Lightning discharge
3. Switching Transient
4. All of above
Question 22
For peak value measurement one of methods used is Sphere Gap
1. True
Feedback:
2. False
Feedback:
Question 21
For High AC RMS value measurement method .Electrostatic Voltmeter is
used
1. True
Feedback
2. False
Feedback:
Question 25
The capacitive voltage transformer step-down the high voltage input signals
and provide the low
voltage signals which can easily measure through the measuring
instrument.
1. True
Feedback:
2. False
Feedback:
Question 29
Hall Generator methods is used for measuring High current
1. True
Feedback:
2. False
Feedback:
Question 30
Dielectric constant as well as dielectric loss depends on Magnitude of
voltage stress
and Frequency of the applied voltage
1. True
2. False
HVDC transmission commercially began in the year

a.1950 b.1954 c.1970 d.1935
Ans:(B)
The intial HVDC valves were

c.Mercury arc d.None of the
a.IGATS b.Thyristors
rectifers above
Ans:.( c )
Thyristor valves came into operation in the year

a.1950 b.1954 c.1972 d.2000
Ans:( c )
systems using igBT valves came into operation in

a.1972 b.1954 c.1993 d.2000
Ans:(D)
HVDC systems are mainly used with large power rating for
D.for connecting
A.interconnection B.bulk power
C.underwater or nonconventional
of two systems transmission
submarine cable power sources
with different over long
transmission like wind power
frequencies distances
etc. to the grid
Ans:(B)
A quadruple valve consists of
b.four units
a.four unist in d.twelve valves
connected for c.two double
series for 12 for 3-phase
operation as a valves
pulse operation connection
bridge rectifier
Ans:(A)
A DC cable used for HVDC transmission is

b.dry caused
polymetric
a.mass c.oil or liquid
insulated cable d.any one of the
impregnated oil- impregnated
with metalic above
filled cable paper cable
screen & outer
covering
Ans:(B)
The break-even distance is the distance beyond which

a.DC b.AC c.cost of both
transmission is transmission is systems are the d.both (b) & (c )
economical economical same
Ans:(A)
In a bipolar system
d.one conductor
a.both b.both c.one conductor is positive or
conductors are conductors are is positive & the negative & other
positive negitive other negative is at ground
potential
Ans:(C )
In a monopolar system usually the pole is

d. alternately
c. positive &
a. positive b.negitive positive &
negative
negative
Ans:(B )
Modern HVDC systems are all
a. 3-pulse b. 6-pulse c. 24-pulse d. 12-pulse
converters converters converters converters
Ans:(D )
Short circuit ratio of an HVDC grid is

d. short circuit
c. voltage/current
a. DC power b. MVA at converter
at the short ciruit
flow/kVA ACMVA/DCMW bus rated DC
point
power MW
Ans:(D )
The first HVDC scheme in india is

a. Vidhyachal
b. Chandrapur- c. Delhi-Rihand d. Sileru-Barsoor
back-to-back
Padghe scheme 500kV system system
system
Ans:(D )
HVDC-VSC scheme employs

b. light or
optically c. mercury arc d. mosfETs &
a. IGBT valves
triggered valves GTO valves
thyristor valves
Ans:(A )
The main advantage of HVDC-VSC schemes is

c. can be used
a. both active &
b. does not for very high
reactive powers d.all of the above
require DC filters power more than
can be controlled
1500MW
Ans:(A )
A thyristor valve conducts when
c. anode is d.anode is
a. anode is b. anode is positive with positive with
positive negative positive gate negative gate
pulse pulse
Ans:(C )
A thyristor valve is fabricated using

c. SCRs
a. SCRs b. SCRs
connected in
connected in connected in d.all of the above
series & parallel
series (all) parallel (all)
as modules
Ans:(C )
A 12-pulse converters are used in modern converters because of

c. increased
a. reduced voltage &
b. reduced ripple d.both (b) & ( c)
current reduced
harmonics
Ans:(D )
A 12-pulse connections, transformers are connected

a. Delta/Delta b. Star/star c. star/Delta d.one star/star &
(both) (both) (both) other star/Delta
Ans:(D )
IGBT converters operate on the principle of

a. voltage source b. current source c. power source
d.either (a) or (b)
converter converter converter
Ans:(A)
IGBT requires
b.large voltage c. sine wave
a. large current d.any one (a) ,
pulse for voltage for
for trggering (b) or ( c)
trggering triggering
Ans:(B)
compared to SCRs, IGBT have
d.turn-on, turn-off
c. both have times can be
a. more turn-on, b.less turn-on,
some more or less
turn-off time turn-off time
characteristics depending on
the circuit
Ans:(B)
A pack in an IGBT valve comparises

c. series &
parallel
a. triggering gate b.parallel d.none of the
connected
pulse circuit connecte IGBTs above
IGNT's with
projection
Ans:(C )
coolent used in thyristor/IGBT valves is

a. Air b.SF c. Freon d.Oxygen
Ans:(A )
A 12-pulse converter consists of

a.two 6-pulse b.two 6-pulse
converters in converters in c. (a) or (b) d.(a) & (b)
series parallel
Ans:(A )
power transfer through AC systems depends on

b.phase angle
a.sending & difference
c. reactance of
receving end between sending d.all of the above
the line
voltages end & receiving
end voltages
Ans:(D )
power transfer through DC line depends on
a.sending & b.number of
d.none of the
receving end pulses in the c. line resistance
above
voltages rectifier
Ans:(A )
advantage of DC link for power transfer is

a.easy
b.more c. it is an d.less insulation
controllabilty of
economical asynchronous tie requirement
power
Ans:(A )
control of DC power in a DC link is done by

c. transformer
a. control b. Y control d.all of the above
tap changing
Ans:(D )
Control of power in DC link is necessary because

c.current
a.current order sensitive to
b.power can be
setting needs to voltage changes d.all of the above
reversed
be done & damage the
converters
Ans:(C )
with increase in delay angle

d.kVAR
b.DC voltage
a.p.f. is reduced c.both (a) & (b) requirement is
decreases
minimum
Ans:(C )
for inversion or inverter operation
a. b. c. d.
Ans:(C )
extinction angle is optimsed so that
b.kVAR c.DC output
a.DC current is
requirement is voltage is d.all of the above
kept minimum
minimum minimum
Ans:(B )
For stable operation of DC systems

b. control, CC c.only CEA
a.CC & CEA d.only CC control
& CEA is control is
control is adopted is adopted
adopted adopted
Ans:(B )
characterisitc of a converter is the relation between
b.DC output
a.AC voltage & c.DC power & d.
voltage &
Ans☹B )
The common control done in converters is

d.rectifier as
a.rectifier as both b.invreter as both
c.inverter as voltage controller
voltage & current voltage & current
current controller & inverter as
controller controller
current controller
Ans☹D )
VDCOL controlling is done & is necessary when

b.to regulate DC
current
c.to regulate DC d.to regulate AC
a.low voltage due depending on
current ehrn DC current under
to faults DC voltage due
voltage dips faults
to fault on AC
side
Ans☹B )
Power reversal in DC link is done
a.operating
rectifier ( ) close d.operating
b.operating both c.operating at
close to &
to & inverter & near & near
near zero
close to zero
Ans:(A )
In case of IPC cosine control, DC output voltage is propotional to

c. Of phase
a.control voltage b.DC current
angle on AC side d.overlap angle
Ans:(A )
Main drawback of CEA control is

a.it cannot offer b.more reactive
c.control is d.generates
stable operation kVAR are
uneconomical harmonics
in weak side needed
Ans:(A )
−1
cos
Firing angle control in modern HV converters is
a.IFC b.EFC c.IPC d.both (a) & (b)
Ans:(D )
In HVDC link with CC control

a.power loss is b.short circuit d.none of the
c.both (a) & (b)
more current is limited above
Ans:(C )
Communication failure usually occurs in

c.both inverters
a.rectifiers b.inverters d.controllers
& rectifiers
Ans:(A )
A rectifer station is set at a current level of 900A & inverter station at 800A.
The current margins is
a.100A b.50A c.200A d.-100A
Ans:(A )
In order bring the voltage of operation to the normal voltage level as the
power varies, control done is
b.transformer tap
d.both &
a. control changing c. control
control
Ans:(B )
Converter transformer act as a source of generation of harmonics because

of
b.non linear
c.magnetising d.none of the
a.magnetostiction nature of B-H
current above
curve of iron core
Ans:(A )
In a 12-pulse converter, the two 6-pulse converter groups are fed from
transformers connected as
b.Y-Y & Y-Y
a.Y-Y & Y- c. / & -Y d.Y-Y & -
Ans:(A )
In a 12-pulse bridge, if one transfer Y-Y has turns ratio 1:1 the other
transformer Y- will have turns ratio
a.1:1
b.1: c. :1 d.1:
Ans:(B )
If pulse number =p & k is an integer, voltage harmonic generated on the

DC side is
a.pk+1 b.pk-1 c.2pk d.pk
Ans:(D )
If pulse number =p & k is an integer, voltage harmonic generated on the

AC side is
a.pk b.2pk
c.pk 1 d.2pk 1
Ans:(A )
In a 12-pulse converter, the phase difference between the two 6-pulse

bridges is
a. b. c. d.
Ans:(C )
The lowest current harmonic produced in 12-pulse converters is

a.11 b.13 c.23 d.25
Ans:(A )
Increase in pulse number has the effect of

c.increasing the
a.increasing b..decreasing the
lowest harmonic d.no effect
harmonics harmonics
number
Ans:(C )
Effect of increasing overlap angle is to

a.decrease b.increase
c.no effect on d.depends on
amplitude of amplitude of
magnitude the relative
harmonic voltage harmonic voltage
values of
Ans:(A )
With CC or CIA control as overlap angle increases, the amplitude of

harmonic current
c.decreases for
some harmonics
a.increases b.no effect d.decreases
& increases for
some harmonics
Ans:(D )
The HVDC converter

A. Does not consume reactive power
B. Consumes as much reactive power as real power
C. Consumes 50% of the real power
D. None of the above
A back to back HVDC link can be advantageous compared to AC primarily because
A. It is cheaper
B. Of stability considerations
C. Of controlled power glow
Fault on a two terminal DC link is removed by
A. Breakers on DC side
B. Breakers on AC side
C. Current control of converters
D. Both A and B
In dual converters,
A. Both rectifiers provides positive current to the load
B. Both rectifiers provide negative current to the load
C. One rectifiers provide positive current to the load and the other negative
current
D. One rectifier provide positive current to the source and the other negative
current to the load
Advantages of HVDC transmission over AC system is / are
A. Reversal of power can be controlled by firing angle
B. Very good dynamic behavior
C. They can link two AC system operating unsynchronized
D. All of these
In a 3 phase VSI out of eight valid states, the number of valid states that produce zero
ac line voltages is/are
A. One
B. two
C. Three
D. Four
In a 3 phase bridge rectifier the ripple frequency is
A. Equal to the input frequency
B. Twice the input frequency
C. Three times the input frequency
D. Six times the input frequency
The sum of all phase current in a star connected primary winding with no neutral
connection is equal to
A. Phase current
B. Three times the phase current
C. Three times the line current
D. Zero at all times
In HVDC link, power flows
A. From the rectifier end to the inverter end
B. From the inverter end to the rectifier end
C. Both A and B
In HVDC system a converter acts as a rectifier when the firing angle α
has a value
A. 0 < α < 1200
B. 0 < α < 900
C. 900 < α < 1800
D. All above
Extra high voltage transmission means
A. Voltage less than 400 kV
B. Voltage in the range of 400 kV – 750kV
C. Voltage greater than 750 kV
D. Voltage greater than 1000 kV
A 24-pulse converter unit consists of how many six-pulse bridges:
A. One
B. Two
C. Three
D. Four
The and the terminals of the SCR handle high potentials
while the terminal is used for control purposes:
A. Gate, Cathode, Anode

B. Anode, Cathode, Gate
C. Anode, Gate, Cathode
D. Gate, Anode, Cathoe
The most popular device used for HVDC system are:
A. Thyristors
B. MOS devices
C. Diode
D. Resistor
in HVDC transmission there are predominant
A. Voltage harmonics on DC side and current harmonics on AC side of
converters
B. Current harmonics on DC side and voltage harmonics on AC side of
converters
C. Current harmonics only on the DC side of Converters
D. Voltage harmonics only on the AC side of converters
Inductive interference between power & communication lines can be minimized by
A. Increasing the spacing of power line conductors

B. Transposing power line conductors
C. Transposing communication line conductors
D. Either b or c.
In single phase VSI, the harmonic which is not present is
A. 2nd
B. 3rd
C. 5th
D. 7th
Which harmonic is not present in 3-Φ fully controlled rectifier?
A. 81st harmonic
B. 15th harmonic
C. 17th harmonic
D. 11th harmonic
Fifth lowest order harmonic present in 3-Φ fully controlled rectifier is
A. 15th
B. 17th
C. 13th
D. 12th
Magnetizing current in transformer rich in harmonics
A. 3rd harmonic
B. 5th harmonic
C. 6th harmonic
D. 4th harmonic
A VSI is the one in which the internal impedance of the source is negligible. It has a
stiff DC source at its input.
A. load commutation
B. line commutation
C. applying a negative gate pulse
D. removing the base signal
Harmonics in 3 phase inverters can be reduced by using
A. Passive filter
B. Active filter
C. Both passive and active filters
D. None of these
If system reactive power is 1 MVAR and short circuit capacity is
81.34 MVA/phase then the ratio of receiving end to sending end voltage is
A. 0.99
B. 0.88
C. 0.89
D. 0.90
A static VAR compensator is a
A. Voltage controlled shunt compensation device
B. Current controlled shunt compensation device
C. Voltage controlled series compensation device
D. Current controlled series compensation device
(i) Monopolar DC link has one energised conductor of positive polarity.
(ii) It was ground as return path Opt the most appropriate.
A. (i) is False & (ii) is True

B. (i) is True & (ii) is True
C. Both are false
D. (i) is True & (ii) is False
(i) Bipolar link has two conductors
(ii) Both conductors have same magnitude of voltage.
A. (i) is False & (ii) is True
B. (i) is True & (ii) is True
C. Both are false
D. (i) is True & (ii) is False
Ripple of the DC-output at power converter is
A. maximum value of instantaneous difference between average and
instantaneous value
B. minimum value of instantaneous difference between average and
instantaneous value
C. average value of output
D. maximum value of instantaneous value
HVDC Power
Which of the following are pros of HVDC over AC:

1. Absence of Capacitance
2. Absence of inductance
3. Absence of phase displacement
4. All of these
Correct answer: 4. All of these
VSC Converters for HVDC Power Transmission use
VSC Converters use:
1. Thyristors
2. Power diode
3. Transistors
4. All of these
Correct answer: 3. Transistors
VSC or Voltage-source converters for HVDC employ Insulated-gate
bipolar transistor (IGBT) transistors.
Generally the Converter transformers used in VSC HVDC systems are

____ as compare to LCC HVDC systems
Generally the Converter transformers used in VSC HVDC systems
are _________ as compare to LCC HVDC systems:
1. Complex
2. Simple
3. Identical
Correct answer: 2. Simple
Symmetrical monopole converters are earthed with impedance

Symmetrical monopole converters are earthed with impedance:
1. Zero
2. Low
3. Medium
4. High
Correct answer: 2. Low
Corona in HVDC – MCQ Question

“Statement: Corona is violet glow, hissing noise and ozone formation
phenomenon.
Assertion: DC lines have no corona”
1. Statment is correct, assertion is wrong
2. Statement is wrong, assertion is correct
3. Both are correct
4. Both are wrong
Correct answer: 1. Statment is correct, assertion is wrong
High Voltage dc transmission requires filters for
High voltage dc transmission requires filters for:
1. Line commuted converters
2. Voltage sourced converters
3. Both of these
4. None of these
Correct answer: 3. Both of these
With the recent advancements in Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) the
levels of harmonic distortion are almost negligible. However, in the case of
line-commutated converters and other simpler types of voltage-source
converters reasonable distortions are sometimes evident on both the AC
and DC sides of the converter. Due to this, the harmonic filters are required
at the AC terminals of such converters.
Good to know: In HVDC transmission schemes that are employing
overhead lines sometimes also required filters on the DC side.
Back to Back hvdc is used to
Back to Back HVDC is used to:
1. Interconnect two asynchronous AC systems
2. Stabilization of AC systems
3. For reducing short circuit currents
4. All of these
Back to back HVDC is used to interconnect two asynchronous AC
system. Alongside this it finds its applications on frequency controls
of AC systems, and reduction of short circuits currents.
VSC posses which property
VSC has:
1. Fixed DC voltage polarity
2. Fixed DC current polarity
3. Both of these
4. None of these
Correct answer: 1. Fixed DC voltage polarity
VSC posses DC voltage polarity
LCC posses which property
LCC has:
3. Both of these
4. None of these
Correct answer: 1. Fixed DC current polarit
1. The power transmission capability of bipolar lines is approximately

____________
a) same as that of 3-ph single circuit line
b) same as that of 3-ph double circuit line
c) twice to that of 3-ph single circuit line
d) half to that of 3-ph single circuit line
Answer: a
2. HVDC system has charging current but no skin effect while transferring
the power through it.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
3. As depicted in the figure, the power will be transferred in the system from
A to B by a HVDC link as shown in the figure. The voltages are indicated in
the figure and I >0, then _______
power-systems-questions-answers-quiz-q3
a) Vab<0, Vcd<0, Vab>Vcd
b) Vab<0, Vcd>0, Vab<Vcd
c) Vab>0, Vcd<0, Vab>Vcd
d) Vab>0, Vcd>0, Vab>Vcd
Answer: d
4. As depicted in the figure, the power is transferred in the system from B to
A by a HVDC link as shown in the figure. The voltages are indicated in the
figure and I <0, then ______
power-systems-questions-answers-geometric-mean-distance-2-q4
a) Vab<0, Vcd<0, Vab>Vcd
b) Vab<0, Vcd>0, Vab<Vcd
c) Vab>0, Vcd>0, Vab<Vcd
d) Vab>0, Vcd>0, Vab>Vcd
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The given situation is such as the current is less than zero, so
a positive current will flow from higher voltage to lower voltage i.e. from cd
to ab.
5. A dc line carries as compared to ac line _____________

a) more power
b) less power
c) same power
d) can’t be decided
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: A dc line carries more power as compared to ac line.
6. Back to back HVDC is used to ___________

a) increase the transmission capability
b) decrease line losses
c) provide a stable connection
d) reduce the voltage drop
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Back to Back connection in HVDC will provide a stable
connection.
7. HVDC transmission would require which of the following equipment’s?

(i) Pulse converter
(ii) AC filter
(iii) DC filter
(iv) DC generator
a) (i)
b) (i), (ii)
c) (ii), (iv)
d) (i), (iii)
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Only pulse converter is needed by HVDC transmission
system.
8. As compared with the HVAC lines, dc transmission system is free from

___________
a) inductance
b) capacitance
c) phase displacement
d) all of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: All the factors which involve frequency will be absent in dc
system as in f= 0 in dc.
9. Mostly the high voltage transmission is provided by overhead lines due

to _____________
a) low cost
b) low losses
c) easy installation
d) all of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Due to economic criteria, the high voltage transmission is
done by overhead lines.
10. Consider the below statements and choose the most appropriate.
(i) Guy wire is galvanised.
(ii) Guy wire should possess high conductivity.
(iii) At installation it makes an angle of 40-60 degrees with earth.
a) (i), (ii) and (iii) are true
b) Only (i) and (ii) are true
c) (ii) and (iii) are true
d) (i) and (iii) are true
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: All the statements about the guy wire are true.
1 ) In which type of HVDC system, two poles are of same polarity & earth
as return path?
Monopolar
Bipolar
Homopolar
None of the above
( ans :- Homopolar)
2) The function of the converter in the HVDC line is to convert

AC into DC
DC into AC
Either of the above
None of the above
Ans :- Either of the above
3) The HVDC transmission line is classified on the basis of

Poles
Earth system
Intermediate system
Both a & b
Ans :- both a & b
4) The rating of monopolar HVDC system is ______ to that of bipolar
HVDC system.
1/2
√2
2
√3
Ans :- ½
5) Which of the following is not part of bipolar HVDC system?

Filter
Smoothing reactor
Convertor transformer
None of the above
Ans :- None of the above
6) In which type of HVDC system, only one pole is used?

Monopolar
Bipolar
Homopolar
Both (a) and (b)
Ans :- Monopolar
7) The insulated line between HVDC substation and the earth electrode is
known as
Station earth
Earth electrode line
Substation earth
None of the above
Ans :- Earth electrode line
8) The two conductor in the Homo polar HVDC system is

Positive polarity
Negative polarity
Same polarity
Any of the above
Ans :- Any of the above
9) Which of the following is Multi terminal HVDC system?

Monopolar
Bipolar
Homopolar
Both (a) and (b)
Ans :- Bipolar
10) The voltage between two poles in the bipolar HVDC system is ______
times to that of the pole to earth voltage.
3
2
√2
√3
Ans :- 2
11) As the Three phase alternating voltage increases, the chargig current
through cable
Increases
Decreases
Does not affect
Any of the above
Ans :- Increases
12) The cost of transmission line tower, insulation and other equipments is
directly proportional to ______. ( where V is operative voltage )
V
V2
V3
1/V2
Ans :- V
13) As the transmission voltage increases, the transmission line efficiency
Increases
Decreases
Does not affect
Any of the above
Ans :- Increases
14) The load carrying capacity of the transmission line is expresses in

terms of
Voltage
Surge impedance
Surge impedance loading
Any of the above
Ans :- Surge impeadance loading
15) The transmission capacity is directly proportional to ______. ( where V

is operative voltage )
V
V2
V3
1/V2
Anx :- v2
16) At the surge impedance loading of the line,

Reactive power charging > Reactive power consumed
Reactive power charging = Reactive power consumed
Active power = Reactive power
Either (b) or (c)
Ans :- Reactive power = reactive power consume
17) The surge impedance loading of a line is expressed as

√(L/C)
√(C/L)
V 2 / Zo
√ ( V 2 / Zo )
Ans :- V2/Zo
18) As the transmission voltage increases

Per unit resistance drop increases
Volume of conductor decreases
Both (b) and (c)
Ans :- Both a & b
19) As the voltage level of transmission increases , the installation cost per
km
Increases
Decreases
Does not affect
Any of the above
Ans :- Decreases
20) As the voltage increases, the voltage regulation of the HVDC system
Increases
Decraeses
Does not affect
Any of the above
Ans :- Does not affect
21) The mechanical loading on towers of the EHV lines increases due to
Ground clearance
Bundle conductors
Snow and wind pressure
All of the above
Ans :- All the aboe
22) In order to protect EHV line by lightning strokes, the tower impedance
should not be more than
50 ohm
100 ohm
5 ohm
0.5 ohm
Ans :- 5 ohm
23) The lighting protection of EHV is done by co - ordinating

Tower footing impedance
Line insulation
Ground wire
All of the above
Ans :- All the above
24) The corona loss in the transmission line is reduced by

Bundle conductors
Increasing diameter of conductors
Increasing distance between conductors
All of the above
Ans :- All the above
25) The ACSR conductors are economical for transmission line voltage
upto
66 kV
132 kV
220 kV
400 kV
Ans:- 400 kv
26) The transmission line voltage above 750 kV is known as

High voltage
Extra high voltage
Ultra high voltage
Any of the above
Ans :- Ultra high voltage
27) In order to protect EHV lines from direct strokes, the protection angle of
grounding wire should be
15o
30o
45o
60o
Ans :- 30 o
28) The natural impedance of the transmission line is

(1/π)√(L/C)
( 1 / 2π ) √ ( L / C )
√(L/C)
( 1 / 2π ) √ ( 1 / LC )
Ans :- √(L/C)
29) As the transmission line voltage increases , the corona loss
Increases
Decreases
Does not affect
Any of the above
Ans :- increases
30) The SIL of the transmission line is directly proportional to ______.

V
V2
1/V
1/V2
Ans :- V 2
31) As the transmission line voltage level increases, the natural load
Increases
Decreases
Does not affect
Any of the above
Ans :- Increases
32) When a transmission line is operated at leading power factor, the

receiving end voltage
Decreases
Increases
Does not affect
Any of the above
Ans :- Increases
33) The loading on cable is done at ______ to its natural load.

Equal
Less than
More than
Any of the above
Ans :- Less than
34) As the transmission line voltage level increases, the surge impedance
Increases
Decreases
Does not affect
Any of the above
Ans :- Decreases
35) The surge impedance of 220 kV line is approximately

50 Ω
150 Ω
320 Ω
400 Ω
Ans :- 320
36) The maximum power transmission through transmission line is limited

by
Thermal limit
Charging current
Both of the above
None of the above
37) The unit of surge impedance loading is

Ohm
kVAr
Watt
Siemens
38) The maximum power transmission through transmission cable is limited
by
Charging current
Thermal limit
Both of the above
None of the above
39) As the length of the transmission line increases, the receiving end
voltage due to ferranti effect ______ .
Increases
Decreases
40) The practical value of load angle in order to steady state power transfer
at full load is
0o to 10o
20o to 30o
30o to 60o
90o
41)The transmission line receiving end voltage is controlled due to ferranti

effect by
Series reactor
Shunt reactor
Tap changing transformer
Any of the above
42) The static stiffness of EHV is calculated by ______. ( where δ is load

angle )
Pmax Cos δ
Pmax Sin δ
Pmax tan δ
Pmax Sin2 δ
.
43) The rate of reactive power loss in the EHV transmission line is directly
proportional to ______. ( where V is operating voltage )
V2
V3
1/V2
1/V3
44) The line charging increment in the EHV is directly proportional to ______. ( where V is operating voltage )
V2
1/V
1/V2
45) The loadability of a transmission line is related to ______ power transfer capability.
Maximum
Minimum
Optimum
All of the above
46) As the load angle of the synchronous machine tends to 90o, the stiffness coefficient tends to _______ .
Unity
0.8
0.5
Zero
47) If the length of transmission line is 500 km, the rise of receiving end voltage due to ferranti effect should be
______ .
0.013
0.05
0.13
48) The inphase voltage drop in the interconnector of the EHV is governed by
Real power
Reactive power
Apparent power
Any of the above
49) If there is a voltage drop in the EHV line
Reactive power loss decreases
Reactive power loss increases
Charging capacity decreases
Both (b) and (c)
50) The quadrature voltage drop in the interconnecter of EHV is governed by ______ .
Real power
Reactive power
Apparent power
Any of the above
51) The over voltage in the EHV transmission line is
Temporary
Due to switching
Due to lighting
All of the above
52) The power transfer in the EHV is directly proportional to ______. ( where θ is line length in radian )
Sin θ
Cos θ
1 / Sin θ
1 / Cos θ
53) As the line length of the EHV transmission line increases, the power transfer through it ______ .
Increases
Decreases
Unaltered
Any of the above
54) The switching overvoltage on the EHV is due to ______ .
Fault interruption
Reclosing
Sudden load throw
Any of the above
55) As the line length of the EHV transmission line increases, the SIL ______ .
Increases
Decreases
Unaltered
Any of the ab
56) Which of the following is not decisive factor while selecting insulation co - ordination?
Temporary overvoltages
Lightning overvoltages
Switching overvoltages
None of the above
57) The switching surges are marginally affected by ______ .
Humidity
Rain
Wind flow
All of the above
UNIT: 1
1. HVDC concern to
a) Primary Distribution
b) Secondary Distribution
c) Primary Transmission
d) None
2. The Conductor connecting Consumer terminals to the distributor is called
a) Feeder
b) Distributor
c) Service mains
d) None
3. The volume of the copper required for an AC transmission line is inversely proportional to
a) Current
b) Voltage
c) power factor
d) both voltage, power factor
4. The relation of magnetic field direction to the current direction can be easily measured by
a) Flemings Left hand rule
b) Flemings Right hand rule
c) Faradays rule
d) Lenzs rule
5. Internal Flux linkage in independent of
a) Radius of the conductor
b) Current in the conductor
c) Permeability
d) Size of the conductor
6. Transposition of lines is done mainly to____________________.
ANSWER: . Reduce corona
7. Corona Losses are reduced by___________________.
Smaller Resistance in the line
8. Effect of earth is negligible if___________________.
Height from earth and distance between them are equal
9. Voltage regulation depends on ________________.

Source power factor
10. Surge impedance of a line ___________________.
.Increase with length of a line
UNIT: 2
1. M Advantage of DC transmission over AC
a) Maintenance of substations is easy
b) Switches & breakers have no limits
c) No commutation problems
d) Reduced corona loss & interference
2. The best material to avoid radio interference is
a) Aluminum
b) Galvanized steel
c) Bundled Conductors
d) Aluminum & bundled conductors
3. Distortion is found in
a) Lower frequencies
b) Audible frequencies
c) Medium frequencies
d) Radio frequencies
4. Zero sequence currents are found in
a) 1-phase system
b) 3-phase system
c) DC system
d) both 1-phase & 3-phase

5. Characteristics of a loss less line are
a) Naturally loading with low power factor at sending end
b) Naturally loading with unity power factor at both ends
c) Naturally loading with zero power factor at both ends
d) Naturally loading with zero power factor at receiving end
5. The technique of coordinating power and telephone lines is_____________

ANSWER Transposition
6. Disadvantage of constant voltage transmission______________.
ANSWER Short circuit current increased
7. ACSR Conductors have________________.
ANSWER Inner conductors made of Aluminium
8. ________________materials is not used for transmission & distribution

ANSWER Tungsten
9. Capacitance in equivalent circuit of a transmission line is due to__________
ANSWER. Current in the line
UNIT: 3
1. Surge impedance of a overhead line is
a) Above 700ohms
b) (40-60) ohms
c) (400-600) ohms
d) below 40ohms
2. Inductance of a line is minimum when
a) GMD is high
b) GMR is high
c) Both GMD & GMR high
d) GMD low & GMR high
3. Increase in frequency of a transmission line causes
a) No change in line resistance
b) Increase in line resistance
c) Decrease in line resistance
d) Decrease in line series reactance
4. Transients in a system are caused due to
a) Resistance
b) Inductance
c) Capacitance
d) both b) & c)
5. When transmission line is terminated through a resistance equal to surge impedance
a) There is reflection
b) There is reflection & refraction
c) There is no reflection nor refraction
d) There is refraction.
6. Voltage & current waves get attenuated_____________.
. Inversely
7. If terminating resistance greater than natural impedance of the line________.
There is a reflection with positive sign
8. The accurate technique for analyzing transient circuits_____________..
. Differential equations
9. Harmonic voltages are due to_______________.

Unbalanced currents
10. To eliminate the harmonics____________ used.
.Filters
UNIT: 4
1. FACTS devices used in
a) Generation
b) AC transmission
c) DC transmission
d) None
2. Voltage control means
d) None
3. Line drop compensation corrects for
a) Line drop lagging P.F
b) voltage at leading P.F
c) Transformer voltage drop
d) voltage drop in feeder lines
4. Which are the shunt compensation devices
a) TCSC
b) SSSC
c) UPFC
d) SVC

6. Functionality of FACTS devices__________.
Reactive power management
7. SVC and STATCOM are______________ devices.
. Shunt compensation
8. SVC stands for________________.
Static VAR compensator
9. STATCOM stands for_________________.
Static synchronous compensator
11. STATCOM is______________ regulating device.

Voltage
UNIT: 5
1. The main Objective of series compensation
a) It improve the power factor
b) It reduces the fault currents
c) Reduce the voltage drop over long distance
d) None
2. UPFC is a
a) Shunt compensation device
b) Series compensation device
c) Both a & b
d) None of the above
3. SSSC is a
a) Series compensation device
b) shunt compensation device

c) combined compensator
d) loss reduction device
4. Disadvantage with series compensation
a) Reduce the stability
b) increase the voltage drop
c) Reduce the power factor
d) Increase in fault current
6. TCSC is _____________ device.
Series compensation device
7. SSSC stands _________________.
Static series synchronous compensator
8. UPFC strands _________________.
Unified power flow controller
9. The location of series capacitor depends on _____________________ factors.
Economical and Technical factors
10. If load is more than surge impedance loading (SIL) _____________ will increase in the line.
Voltage drop
ANSWER KEY
1. c 2.c 3.a 4.d 5.a
6. Series compensation device

7. Static series synchronous compensator
8. Unified power flow controller
9. Economical and Technical factors.
10. Voltage drop.
hvdc book mcq by sir
1. HVDC transmission commercially began in the year
(a) 1950
(b) 1954
(c) 1970
(d) 1935
2. The initial HVDC valves were
(a) IGATS
(b) Thyristors
(c) Mercury arc rectifi ers
(d) None of the above
3. Thyristor valves came into operation in the year
(a) 1950
(b) 1954
(c) 1972
(d) 2000
4. Systems using IGBT valves came into operation in
(a) 1972
(b) 1954
(c) 1993
(d) 2000
5. HVDC systems are mainly used with large power rating for
(a) interconnection of two systems with different frequencies
(b) bulk power transmission over long distances
(c) underwater or submarine cable transmission
(d) for connecting nonconventional power sources like wind power etc. to the grid
6. A quadruple valve consists of
(a) four units in series for 12-pulse operation
(b) four units connected for operation as bridge rectifi er
(c) two double valves
(d) twelve valves for 3-phase connection
7. A DC cable used for HVDC transmission is
(a) mass impregnated oil-fi lled cable
(b) dry caused polymeric insulated cable with metallic screen and outer covering
HVDC Transmission: Developments 39
(c) oil or liquid impregnated paper cable
(d) any one of the above
8. The break-even distance is the distance beyond which
(a) DC transmission is economical (b) AC transmission is economical
(c) cost of both systems are the same (d) both (b) and (c)
9. In a bipolar system
(a) both conductors are positive
(b) both conductors are negative
(c) one conductor is positive and the other negative
(d) one conductor is positive or negative and other is at ground potential
10. In a monopolar system usually the pole is
(a) positive
(b) negative
(c) positive and negative
(d) alternately positive and negative
11. Modern HVDC systems are all
(a) 3-pulse converters
(b) 6-pulse converters
(c) 24-pulse converters
(d) 12-pulse converters
12. Short circuit ratio of an HVDC grid is
(a) DC power fl ow/kVA
(b) AC MVA/DC MW
(c) voltage/current at the short circuit point
(d) short circuit MVA at converter bus rated DC power MW
13. The fi rst HVDC scheme in India is
(a) Vidhyachal back-to-back system
(b) Chandrapur–Padghe scheme
(c) Delhi–Rihand 500 kV system
(d) Sileru–Barsoor system

14. HVDC-VSC scheme employs
(a) IGBT valves
(b) light or optically triggered thyristor valves
(c) mercury arc valves
(d) MOSFETs and GTO valves
15. The main advantage of HVDC-VSC schemes is
(a) both active and reactive powers can be controlled
(b) does not require DC fi lters
(c) can be used for very high power more than 1500 MW
(d) all of the above
ANSWERS TO MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (c) 4. (d) 5. (b) 6. (a) 7. (b) 8. (a)
9. (c) 10. (b) 11. (d) 12. (d) 13. (d) 14. (a) 15. (a)
unit 2 book mcq
1. A thyristor valve conducts when
(a) anode is positive
(b) anode is negative
(c) anode is positive with positive gate pulse
(d) anode is positive with negative gate pulse
2. A thyristor valve is fabricated using
(a) SCRs connected in series (all)
(b) SCRs connected in parallel (all)
(c) SCRs connected in series and parallel as modules
(a) all of the above

3. 12-pulse converters are used in modern converters because of
(a) reduced current
(b) reduced ripple
(c) increased voltage and reduced harmonics
(d) both (b) and (c)
4. In 12-pulse connections, transformers are connected
(a) Delta/Delta (both)
(b) Star/Star (both)
(c) Star/Delta (both)
(d) One Star/Star and other Star/Delta
5. IGBT converters operate on the principle of
(a) voltage source converter
(b) current source converter
(c) power source converter
(d) either (a) or (b)
6. IGBT requires
(a) large current for triggering
(b) large voltage pulse for triggering
(c) sine wave voltage for triggering
(d) any one (a), (b) or (c)
7. Compared to SCRs, IGBT have
(a) more turn-on, turn-off time
(b) less turn-on, turn-off time
(c) both have some characteristics
(d) turn-on, turn-off times can be more or less depending on the circuit
HVDC Converters 67
8. A pack in an IGBT valve comprises
(a) triggering gate pulse circuit
(b) parallel connect IGBTs
(c) series and parallel connected IGBTs with projection
(d) none of the above
9. Coolant used in thyristor/IGBT valves is
(a) Air
(b) SF6
(c) Freon
(d) Oxygen
10. A 12-pulse converter consists of
(a) two 6-pulse converters in series
(b) two 6-pulse converters in parallel
(c) (a) or (b)
(d) (a) and (b)
ANSWERS
1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (d) 5. (a) 6. (b) 7. (b) 8. (c)
unit3 mcq
1. Pulse number means
(a) number of valves
(b) number of pulses in the output voltage per cycle
(c) number of DC poles
(d) both (a) and (b)

2. The output voltage of a converter is changed by varying
(a) a
(b) m
(c) g
(d) anyone a, m or g
3. In HVDC converter ratio reactive power needed for proportional active power transmission at full-load
will be about
(a) 1.0
(b) 0.9
(c) 0.6
(d) 0.25
4. Power transmitted through the DC system depends on
(a) rectifi er end voltage
(b) inverter end voltage
(c) rectifi er end current
(d) rectifi er end voltage and current
6-pulse Converter Operation and Analysis 127
5. With increase in delay angle a
(a) active power transmitted decreases
(b) reactive KVAR needed increases
(c) DC output voltage decreases
(d) all of the above (a), (b) and (c)
6. During commutation in a converter
(a) voltage is exchanged
(b) current is transformed from one valve to the other

(c) DC voltage is blocked
7. If Vm is the peak voltage/phase on the AC side for a given a and m, the reduction in output DC voltage
with an overlap is 3
mV
(a) cos a – cos(a + m)
(b) cos a + cos(a + m)
(c) 2 (cos cos ( ) a a m - +
(d) 2 (cos cos ( ) a a m + +
8. Equivalent resistance of a converter with source reactance Xs /ph. for a 6-pulse converter bridge is
(a) 3Xs
(b)3 s Xp
(c) s Xp
(d) 3p Xs
9. Power factor of rectifi er with fi ring angle a and commutation overlap m is
(a) cos a + cos(a + m)
(b) cos a + cos(a – m)
(c) [ ] 1 cos cos ( ) 2 a a m - +
(d) [ ] 1 cos cos ( ) 2 a a m + -
10. If angle of advance is 30° and overlap angle 12°, the extinction angle g will be
(a) 42°
(b)302∞ Ê ˆ Á ˜ Ë ¯
(c) 18°
(d) 21°
11. If base resistance on the DC side is 120 W, the base impedance on AC side will be
(a) 20 ¥ p
(b) 10 ¥ p
(c) 30 ¥ p
(d) 120p
12. If the percent reactance of converter transformer is 20/ph., the percentage DC resistance will be
(a) 20
(b) 10
(c) 5
(d) 4
15. Peak-to-peak ripple in a 12-pulse converter is
(a) 0.5236 Vd
(b) 0.114 Vd
(c) 0.3206 Vd
(d) 0.0345 Vd
16. A ± 200 kV, 400 MW HVDC unit has rectifi er end voltage ± 195 kV and an inverter end voltage ± 187
kV, when transmitting 1000 A current. The power loss in the system is
(a) 8 MW
(b) 5 MW
(c) 13 MW
(d) 16 MW
17. For inversion the system to be stable and successful, g should be such that (g /w) is
(a) less than recovery time of valve that is just turned off
(b) more than recovery time of valve that is just turned off
(c) much less than recovery time of valve that is turned off
(d) any of the above three (a), (b) or (c)
128 HVDC Transmission
18. The relation between Vdo and peak value of phase voltage on the secondary side of AC system is,
Vdo =
(a) 3 mVp
(b) 3 3 mVp
(c) 3 mVp
(d) 3 3 mV p
19. For constant m, the relation between Vd and Id is (in Vd Id plane)
(a) straight line
(b) straight line with negative slope
(c) circle
(d) ellipse
20. In a 6-pulse circuit, a DC voltage with a = 30° is 120 kV when overlap angle is 15°. What will be the
no-load output voltage with a = 0°?
(a) 120 kV
(b) 135 Kv
(c) 153 kV
(d) 113 kV
ANSWERS
1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (d) 5. (d) 6. (b) 7. (d) 8. (b)
9. (c) 10. (c) 11. (a) 12. (b) 13. (a) 14. (a) 15. (d) 16. (d)
17. (b) 18. (b) 19. (d) 20. (c)
unit 4 mcq
1. Power transfer through AC systems depends on
(a) sending and receiving end voltages
(b) phase angle difference between sending end and receiving end voltages
(c) reactance of the line
2. Power transfer in DC line depends on
(a) sending and receiving end voltages
(b) number of pulses in the rectifi er
(c) line resistance
3. Advantage of DC link for power transfer is
(a) easy controllability of power
(b) more economical
(c) it is an asynchronous tie
(d) less insulation requirement
4. Control of DC power in a DC link is done by
(a) a control
(b) g control
(c) transformer tap changing

5. Control of power in DC link is necessary because
(a) current order setting needs to be done
(b) power can be reversed
(c) current sensitive to voltage changes and may damage the converters
6. With increase in delay angle a
(a) p.f. is reduced
(b) DC voltage decreases
(c) both (a) and (b)
(d) kVAR requirement decreases
7. For inversion or inverter operation
(a) a £ 90°
(b) a > 90°
(c) 90° < a < 180°
(d) 180° < a < 270°
8. Extinction angle g is optimised so that
(a) DC current is kept minimum
(b) kVAR requirement is minimum
(c) DC output voltage is minimum
9. For stable operation of DC systems
(a) CC and CEA control is adopted
(b) a control, CC and CEA is adopted
(c) only CEA control is adopted
(d) only CC control is adopted

Control of HVDC Converter and Systems 173
10. Characteristic of a converter is the relation between
(a) AC voltage and Id
(b) DC output voltage and Id
(c) DC power and Id
(d) a and Id
11. The common control done in converters is
(a) rectifi er as both voltage and current controller
(b) inverter as both voltage and current controller
(c) inverter as current controller
(d) rectifi er as voltage controller and inverter as current controller
12. VDCOL controlling is done and is necessary when
(a) low voltage due to faults
(b) to regulate DC current depending on DC voltage due to fault on AC side
(c) to regulate DC current when DC voltage dips
(d) to regulate AC current under faults
13. Power reversal in DC link is done
(a) operating rectifi er (a) close to 180° and inverter g close to zero
(b) operating both a and g near 90°
(c) operating a at 90° and g close to zero
(d) operating g close to 90° and a near zero
14. In case of IPC cosine control, DC output voltage is proportional to
(a) control voltage
(b) DC current
(c) cos–1 of phase angle on AC side

(d) overlap angle m
15. Main drawback of CEA control is
(a) it cannot offer stable operation in weak AC links
(b) more reactive kVAR are needed
(c) control is uneconomical
(d) generates harmonics
16. Firing angle control in modern HV converters is
(a) IFC
(b) EPC
(c) IPC
17. In HVDC link with CC control
(a) power loss is more
(b) short circuit current is limited
(c) both (a) and (b)
18. Commutation failure usually occurs in
(a) rectifi ers
(b) inverters
(c) both inverters and rectifi ers
(d) controllers
19. A rectifi er station is set at a current level of 900 A and inverter station at 800 A. The current margin is
(a) 100 A
(b) 50 A
(c) 200 A
(d) – 100 A
20. In order bring the voltage of operation to the normal voltage level as the power varies, control done is
(a) a control
(b) transformer tap changing
(c) g control
(d) both a and g control
ANSWERS
1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (d) 5. (c) 6. (c) 7. (c) 8. (b)
9. (b) 10. (b) 11. (d) 12. (b) 13. (a) 14. (a) 15. (a) 16. (d)
17. (c) 18. (a) 19. (a) 20. (b)
unit 5 mcq
1. Converter transformer act as a source of generation of harmonics because of
(a) magnetostiction
(b) nonlinear nature of B–H curve of iron core
(c) magnetising current
2. In a 12-pulse converter, the two 6-pulse converter groups are fed from transformers connected as
(a) Y–Y and Y–D
(b) Y–Y and Y–Y
(c) D/D and D–Y
(d) Y–Y and D–D

3. In a 12-pulse bridge, if one transfer Y–Y has turns ratio 1:1, the other transformer Y–D will have turns
ratio
(a) 1:1
(b) 1: 3
(c) 3 :1
(d) 1: 2
4. If pulse number = p, and k is an integer, voltage harmonic generated on the DC side is
(a) pk + 1
(b) pk – 1
(c) 2pk
(d) pk
5. If pulse number is = p and k is an integer, the voltage harmonic generated on the AC side is
(a) pk
(b) 2pk
(c) pk ± 1
(d) 2pk ± 1
6. In a 12-pulse converter, the phase difference between the two 6-pulse bridges is
(a) 0°
(b) 60°
(c) 30°
(d) 15°
7. The lowest current harmonic produced in 12-pulse converters is
(a) 11
(b) 13
(c) 23
(d) 25
8. Increase in pulse number has the effect of
(a) increasing harmonics
(b) decreasing the harmonic number
(c) increasing the lowest harmonic number
(d) no effect
9. Effect of increasing overlap angle is to
(a) decrease amplitude of harmonic voltage
(b) increase the amplitude of harmonic voltage
(c) no effect on magnitude
(d) depends on the relative values of a
10. With CC or CIA control as overlap angle m increases, the amplitude of harmonic current
(a) increases
(b) no effect
(c) decreases for some harmonics and increases for some harmonics
(d) decreases
ANSWERS
1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (d) 5. (a) 6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (c)
9. (a) 10. (d)
unit 6 mcq
1. Filters used in 12-pulse converters usually on the AC side are

(a) 5th, 7th and high-pass
(b) 11th, 13th and high-pass
(c) 6th, 12th and high-pass
(d) Only high-pass fi lter
2. For power frequency, the harmonic fi lter acts as a
(a) leading p.f. load supplying leading kVA
(b) lagging p.f. load supplying lagging kVA
(c) (a) or (b) depending on the p.f. of the system
(d) leading p.f. at rectifi er end and lagging p.f. at inverter end
3. The maximum value of the harmonic current depends on
(a) fi ring angle
(b) overlap angle
(c) DC current
(d) both fi ring angle and overlap angle
4. TIF factor usually lies between
(a) 10 to 25
(b) 20 to 30
(c) 25 to 50
(d) 50 to 100
5. DSS product defi ned for harmonic distortion is given by
(a)1/222( )mn nnI F=È ˘ ÂÎ ˚
(b)1/222( )mn nnI F=È ˘Í ˙ Î ˚ Â
(c)1/22( )mn n nnI Z F=È ˘Í ˙ Î ˚ Â
(d)1/2221( )100mn nnI ZE=È ˘Í ˙ Î ˚ ¥ÂIn
harmonic current, Zn
= harmonic impedance, Fn
= weighing factor, m = max. harmonic considered
6. Network impedance characteristic is given as
(a) Locus of Z in R, X plane for each harmonic
(b) Network impedance in R, X plane for a given harmonic
(c) Variation of harmonic current with the magnitude of harmonic voltage
(d) All of the above
7. Harmonic fi lters are protected by
(a) overcurrent relays
(b) lightning arresters
(c) spark gaps
8. In HVDC-VSC schemes fi lters are used
(a) only on the AC side
(b) only on the DC side
(c) both AC and DC side
(d) no fi lter is needed
9. Size of an AC fi lter and its MVAR capacity is much less in VSC schemes as
(a) no harmonics are generated
(b) harmonics generated are of much higher order
(c) fi lter need not supply RKVA at power frequency and harmonics generated are at switching
frequency and higher
10. In a 2nd order or 3rd order fi lter, which of the components R, L or C are to be rated to full AC power
frequency voltage?
(a) Inductor
(b) Capacitors
(c) Resistors
(d) Both inductors and capacitors
ANSWERS
1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (c) 5. (d) 6. (a) 7. (b) 8. (a)
9. (c) 10. (b)
unit 7 mcq
1. Advantage of ground return in HV-bipolar DC system is
(a) less power loss
(b) can be built in stages
(c) in the event of fault, 50% power is available
(e) none of the above
2. The ground currents in HVDC system fl ow through
(a) small area
(b) small area along the line
(c) very large area and does not confi ne to route of the line
(d) very large area along the route of the line
3. The order of ground currents and polarity in bipolar system is
(a) 1 to 3% either polarity

(b) 1 to 3% negative polarity
(c) 1 to 3% positive polarity
(d) 5 to 10% either polarity
4. The resistivity of average land surface is of the order (W-m)
(a) 1 to 1000
(b) 50 to 200
(c) 1000
(d) 1000–10,000
5. Electrical fi eld intensity of a hemispherical electrode at its surface (radius = r) is proportional to
(a) 1r
(b) 21r
(c) 31r
(d) r
6. Resistance of hemispherical electrode of r = 1 m in a soil of r = 100 W-m is in ohms
(a) 50p
(b) 5p
(c) 100p
(d) 10p
7. If the electrodes are immersed in a trench fi lled with coke or betonite, the electrode resistance
(a) does not change
(b) increases
(c) reduces
(d) becomes zero
8. If a spherical electrode of r = 1 m is buried at a depth of 2 m, the electric fi eld due to current is
maximum at a distance along the surface from the electrode

(a) 1m2
(b) 2 m
(c) 21m2
(d)1m2
9. The effi ciency of shore electrode in comparison with land electrode, with soil r = 1000 W-m and sea
water r = 0.2 W-m with sector a = 0.1 radians.
(a) 1.0
(b) 0.5
(c) 0.76
(d) 0.95
10. The depth of penetration of AC currents of frequency f through nonmagnetic soil of resistivity r is
(a)1/ 2100fÈ ˘ rÍ ˙ Î ˚
(b)1/ 2500fÈ ˘ rÍ ˙ Î ˚
(c)1/ 21000fÈ ˘ rÍ ˙ Î ˚
(d)1/ 250fÈ ˘ rÍ ˙ Î ˚
11. The resistance of good ground return excluding electrodes is taken as
(a) negligible
(b) 1 W
(c) 10 W
(d) 100 W
12. Corrosion of buried metal objects occur due to ground return of a DC line only when the object acts
as
(a) cathode
(b) cathode under moist condition
(c) when not painted

(d) anode
13. Value of step potential should be limited (for 1 m step)
(a) 10 V
(b) 6.5 V
(c) 5 V
(d) 3 V
14. Corrosion due to AC 50/60 Hz frequency currents compared to DC currents of equal magnitude is
(a) 1%
(b) 5%
(c) 10%
(d) 25%
15. Annoying body currents due to grounding of DC lines is about
(a) 15 mA
(b) 1 mA
(c) 5 mA
(d) 0.5 mA
16. The voltage rise of the earth electrode w.r.t remote earth depends on
(a) resistivity of the soil
(b) heat conductivity of the soil
(c) temperature rise of the soil
(d) all three (a), (b) and (c)
Grounding and Ground Electrodes for HVDC Systems 261
17. The earth electrode in the ground return DC line is located from the converter station at a distance of
(a) 1 km
(b) 3 to 5 km
(c) 10 km
(d) 8 to 20 km
18. The design of land electrode connected to the earth electrode depends on
(a) current and operating time
(b) heat dissipation and safety
(c) current, operating time, life time, polarity, and safety
(d) soil resistivity, thermal conductivity, safety, reliability, and electrode current
19. Which of the following soils have low resistivity?
(a) rock
(b) sandy soil with loam
(c) soil with granite layer
20. As per IEEE standards, human body resistance is taken as
(a) 500 to 5000 W
(b) 5000 to 10,000 W
(c) less than 500 W
(d) 10 kW to 50 kW
ANSWERS
1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (b) 6. (a) 7. (c) 8. (d)
9. (c) 10. (b) 11. (a) 12. (d) 13. (b) 14. (a) 15. (c) 16. (d)
17. (d) 18. (c) 19. (b) 20. (a)
unit 8 MCQ
1. Most frequent type of fault in DC systems is

(a) converter internal fault
(b) DC line fault
(c) commutation failure
(d) arc back and arc through
2. Fault current level is highest in the following types of faults
(a) converter internal fault
(b) DC line fault
(c) commutation failure
(d) lightning stroke on lines
3. Which of the following fault is self-clearing
(a) DC line fault
(b) single commutation failure
(c) multiple commutation failure
(d) arc back and arc through
4. Usual time taken for fault clearing after the fault is sensed is
(a) less than 2 ms
(b) 10 ms
(c) 1 to 2 s
(d) 100 ms
5. Converter faults are cleared by
(a) tripping of AC side CBS
(b) blocking the rectifi er and inverter
(c) opening the ground or neutral CB
(d) using backup protection schemes

6. In worst case, for a phase-to-phase short circuit at nonconducting valve terminals, the peak short circuit
current is
(a) 2Ido
(b) 3Is
(c) Ido + 3Is
(d) 12 (Ido + 3Is)
7. Bypass valve is mainly used to clear
(a) temporary faults that occur is valve bridges
(b) pole-to-pole fault at converter terminals
(c) arc back and arc through in valves
(d) faults on DC side of the converters
8. Fault sensing is done by comparing
(a) Vd and Id
(b) dvdt-
(c) and dv dIdt dt which set up travelling waves
9. A surge diverter is used across the DC CB to
(a) limit recovery voltage
(b) limit fault current
(c) absorb the arc energy
10. The principle of DC CB is
(a) forcing a current zero and extinguishing the arc
(b) limit the arc voltage and absorb arc energy
(c) lengthening the arc and quenching it

(d) diverting the arc into another circuit
11. Metallic return transfer breaker MRTB is needed for
(a) isolate ground return
(b) switch off ground connection during line-to-ground fault
(c) isolate ground loop
(d) eliminate metallic element corrosion close to DC line in monopolar operation
12. Valve group protection is done using
(a) overcurrent comparison
(b) differential protection
(c) current control limiter
(d) HRC fuses in each group
ANSWERS
1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (d) 5. (b) 6. (d) 7. (a) 8. (c)
9. (c) 10. (a) 11. (d) 12. (b)
unit 9 mcq
1. Valve house and converter station is mostly subjected to the following overvoltages:
(a) Lightning
(b) Short switching impulse
(c) DC overvoltages
(d) Power frequency overvoltages
2. Equivalent circuit of a string insulator for DC is
(a) capacitance network
(b) R–C network
(c) resistance network with variable resistance

3. Variable resistance part of equivalent circuit for DC insulator string is
(a) ionic current
(b) surface resistance
(c) volume resistance
(d) both ionic current and surface resistance
4. Typical creepage length for DC voltages under pollution conditions is
(a) 40 to 50 mm/kV
(b) 10 to 15 mm/kV
(c) above 70 mm/kV
(d) 20 to 25 mm/kV
5. Long rod composite insulators are most suitable for DC applications under
(a) wet conditions
(b) low temperatures
(c) pollution condition
(d) all the above
6. In earlier HVDC schemes insulators used were
(a) RTV and HTV insulator
(b) Silicone composite insulators
(c) Porcelain and high resistance glass insulators
(d) All of the above
7. Material used for surge arresters for DC applications is
(a) ZnO
(b) SiC
(c) Graphite
(d) Magnesium–aluminium oxide
8. The volt-ampere characteristic of a gapless nonlinear element in surge arresters is
(a) V = KIn(n > 2.0)
(b) V = K1In + K2I–n (n ≥ 2)
(c) V = KI–n(n > 2.0)
(d) V = KIn(n < 0.3)
9. The equivalent circuits of a surge arrester for DC is
(a) capacitance
(b) nonlinear variable resistance
(c) inductor
(d) R C network
10. BIL chosen for HVDC bus is usually
(a) 3.5 Vd
(b) 1.7 Vd
(c) 4 to 4.5 Vd
. (d) 2.7 to 2.9 Vd
11. The purpose of insulation co-ordination is
(a) to limit overvoltages
(b) to grade the insulation level of different apparatus so that the most important one is best
protected
(c) to protect all apparatus equally against surges
(d) surge arresters are used to minimum extent
12. Rod gap protection is not normally done because
(a) protection for fast transients is doubtful and introduces steep fronted transient when sparkover
occurs
(b) becomes short circuit on sparkover
(c) sparkover depends on atmospheric conditions
ANSWERS
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (a) 5. (c) 6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (d)
9. (b) 10. (d) 11. (b) 12. (a)
unit 10 mcq
1. Multiterminal systems are
(a) series connected
(b) parallel connected
(c) ring connected
2. Most of the MTDC systems that are in operation and feasible are
(a) series connected
(b) parallel connected
(c) ring connected
3. Multiterminal systems are controlled through
(a) voltage control
(b) current order control
(c) fi ring angle control

Multiterminal HVDC Systems 315
4. Normal time of operation for paralleling or disconnection of a converter or pole is
(a) 0.3 s
(b) 3 s
(c) less than 20 ms
(d) 1 minute
5. For paralleling a converter to the pole, the converter is started in
(a) current control mode
(b) a control mode
(c) g control
(d) power control mode
6. Under steady state operation, voltage control is done by
(a) rectifi er
(b) inverter
(c) both rectifi er and inverter
(d) either rectifi er or inverter
7. Basic control philosophy in MTDC systems is
(a) Total rectifi er current is constant
(b) Total inverter current is constant
(c) Total current, both rectifi er and inverter = 0
(d) None of the above
8. VSC DC systems are best suited for
(a) point-to-point interconnection
(b) large power interconnection
(c) interconnection of low short circuit ratio AC systems

(d) interconnection of remote unconventional systems and also long distance cable transmission
ANSWERS
1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (a) 6. (b) 7. (c) 8. (d)
unit 11 mcq
1. HVDC transmission is opted when
(a) bulk power transfer is needed
(b) improvement of stability
(c) long distance and cable transmission is required
2. DC cables are more effective and less bulky because
(a) voltage stress used is much higher in the insulation
(b) no dielectric losses with DC
(c) no charging current with DC
(e) both (b) and (c)
3. The power transfer capability of DC cables compared to AC cables is
(a) same
(b) 1.5 to 2 times
(c) 0.5 to 1.5 times
(d) cannot be asserted
4. An HVAC line using same current density in conductors as that of DC will have conductor losses
(a) about 3 times
(b) 1.5 times
(c) same as that of DC

(d) cannot be asserted
5. Safe and permissible electric fi eld and ionic current density is about
(a) 60 kV/m and 30 nA/m2
(b) 20 kV/m and 25 nA/m2
(c) less than 20 kV/m and 15 nA/m2
(d) 5 kV/m and 10 mA/m2
6. Compared to AC overhead lines, towers and substations, the land requirement in DC is
(a) same as that of AC
(b) 65% for substations and 50% for lines
(c) 90% for both substations and lines
(d) cannot be predicted
Parallel AC and DC Systems 357
7. At ground level, direct current power lines produce magnetic fi eld of
(a) 10 m T
(b) 30 m T
(c) same as the earth’s magnetic fi elds
(d) more than 100 m T
8. Short circuit ratio of a system is
(a)DCACPP
(b) Short circuit level of AC systemShort circuit level of DC system
(c) Short circuit level of AC systemDC power Pd
(d)2ACdVP
9. A system is said to be weak if SCR is
(a) less than 3
(b) less than 1

(c) more than 5
(d) 3 to 5
10. Converter transformer core saturation will lead to
(a) harmonic oscillations
(b) ferro resonance
(c) subharmonic oscillations (0 5 Hz)
(d) torsional oscillations in turbine-generator unit
11. When a 3-phase double circuit AC line is converted into DC line, the power transfer will be increased
(a) no change
(b) 1.5 times
(c) 3 times
(d) 2 times
12. Which of the following is a series connected FACTS device?
(a) UPFC
(b) STATCOM
(c) TCSC
(d) TCPST
ANSWERS
1. (d) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (c) 6. (b) 7. (a) 8. (c)
9. (a) 10. (b) 11. (d) 12. (c)
FACTS & HVDC

MCQ’S
1. FACTS devices used in
a) Generation
b) AC transmission
c) DC transmission
d) None
2. Voltage control means
a) Boosting the feeder voltage

b) Reducing the line voltage under over voltage conditions
c) Keeping the voltage level within the allowable limits.
d) None
3. Line drop compensation corrects for
a) Line drop lagging P.F

b) voltage at leading P.F
c) Transformer voltage drop
d) voltage drop in feeder lines
4. Which are the shunt compensation devices

a) TCSC
b) SSSC
c) UPFC
d) SVC
5. FACTS devices are generally used for to compensate__________of

the transmission line
a) reactive power
b) active power
c) apparent power
6. Transmission efficiency increases as
a) voltage and power factor both increase

b) voltage and power factor both decrease
c) voltage increases but power factor decreases
d) voltage decreases but power factor increases.
7. SVC and STATCOM are______________ devices.

a. series
b. series and shunt
c. shunt and series
d. shunt
8. SVC stands for________________.

a.Static Var Compensator
b. Static voltage controller
c. Static var converter
d. Static voltage converter
9. STATCOM stands for_________________.

ANS: Static Synchronous Compensator
10. STATCOM is______________ regulating device.
a. Current
b. Voltage
c. Current and Voltage
d. Power factor
11. The main Objective of series compensation
a) It improve the power factor

b) It reduces the fault currents
c) Reduce the voltage drop over long distance
d) None
12. TCSC is a
a) Shunt compensation device
b) Series compensation device
c) Both a & b
d) None of the above
13. SSSC is a
a) Series compensation device

b) shunt compensation device
c) combined compensator
d) loss reduction device
14. Disadvantage with series compensation
a) Reduce the stability

b) increase the voltage drop
c) Reduce the power factor
d) Increase in fault current
15. SSSC stands _________________.

ANS: Static Synchronous Series Compensator
16. UPFC stands _________________.

ANS: Unified power flow controller
17. The purpose of the transmission network is to ___________

ANS: pool power plants and load centres
18. Transmission Interconnection is done for________

a. economic reasons
b. to reduce the cost of electricity and
c. to improve reliability of power supply.
d. All of these
19. FACTS controllers can enable a line to carry power closer to

its_______
a. Full efficiency
b. Dielectric rating
c. Thermal rating
20. What limits the loading capability__________
a. Thermal
b. Dielectric
c. Stability
d. All of these
21.Basic types of FACTS controller___________
a. Series Controllers and Shunt Controllers

b.Combined series-series Controllers
c.Combined series-shunt Controllers
d. All of these
22.The voltage fluctuations are largely a consequence of the ______
in series impedances of lines, transformers, and generators.
a. Current
b. Power
c. Voltage drop
d. None of these
23. Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is combination of

_________
a. STATCOM and TCSC

b. SSSC and TSC
c. STATCOM and SSSC
d. TSSC and TCR
24. Load compensation is the management of _______ to improve the

quality of supply in ac power systems.
a. Active power
b. Reactive power
c. Apparent power
d. Both a & b
25. Objectives of Load compensation________

a. Power-factor correction.
b. Improvement of voltage regulation.
c. Load balancing
d. All of these
MCQs on FACTS
1. Power-factor correction usually means the practice of generating

________ as close as possible to the _______ which requires it, rather
than supplying it from a remote power station.
a. Active power, load

b. Active power, source
c. Reactive power, load
d. Reactive power, source
2. The supply utilities also have good reasons for not transmitting
unnecessary reactive power from generators to loads: their
generators and distribution networks cannot be used at _______, and
the control of ________in the supply system can become more
difficult.
a. Full efficiency, current
b. Full efficiency, voltage
c. Full power, current
d. Full power, voltage
3. The FC-TCR is consist of ________and_________.
a. Fixed capacitor, Fixed inductor

b. Variable capacitor, Fixed inductor
c. Variable capacitor, Variable inductor
d. Fixed capacitor, Variable inductor
4. What is the necessity of compensation?
a. Voltage profile
b. Power angle characteristics
c. Stability margin
d. Damping to power oscillations
e. All of these
5. The objectives of FACTS controllers in the power system network.

a. Better the control of power flow (Real and Reactive) in transmission
lines.
b. Limits SC current
c. Increase the load ability of the system
d. a & b
e. a, b & c
6. TCSC is a capacitive reactance compensator, which consists of

_______capacitor bank ______ by a thyristor-controlled reactor.
a. shunt, series
b. series, shunted
c. series, series
7. The SVC is a _________ device of FACTS.
a. series
b. series and shunt
c. shunt
8. FACTS mainly find application in following areas.
a. Power transmission
b. Power Quality
c. Railway Grid Connection
d. Wind power grid Connection
e. All of these
9. There are how many generation of FACTS controllers.

a. one
b. Two
c. Three
d. Four
10. __________is the ability of a power system to maintain steady

acceptable voltages at all buses in the system under normal operating
conditions and after being subjected to a disturbance.
a. voltage stability
b. current stability
c. power stability
d. Transient stability
11. In bypassed mode, the thyristor are made to fully conduct with the
conduction angle of ______ degree.
a. 90
b. 180
c. 60
d. 30
12. The salient features of STATCOM features.

a. Compact size
b. Dynamic response
c. Wide range control
d. a & b
e. a, b & c
13. The third main concern in load compensation is __________.
a. Impedance balancing
b. Current balancing
c. Load balancing
d. Source balancing
14. The ideal compensator would also consume ______ power; that is,
it would be ____________.
ANS: Zero average , Lossless
15. Methods of controllable VAR generation in shunt.
ANS :
a. Variable impedance type static var generation.
b. Switching converter type static var generation.
16. When Thyristor control reactor(TCR) becomes Thyristor switched

reactor(TSR).
a. Alpha = 90
b. Alpha = 0
17. Thyristor Switched Capacitor(TSC) is__________.

a. Switching converter type
b. Variable impedance type
18. Types of Series Compensators.
Ans: a. Variable impedance type Series Compensators

b. Switching converter type Series Compensators
19. List of Static Shunt compensators.

a. TCR, TSR, TSSC, TSC
b. TSSC, TCSC, SVG, SVS
c. SVG, SVC, TCR, TSR
d. GCSC, TCSC, TSSC
20. List of Static Series compensators.
a. TCR, TSR, TSSC, TSC

b. GCSC, TCSC, TSSC
c. TSSC, TCSC, SVG, SVS
d. SVG, SVC, TCR, TSR
Power flow in Parallel Path
1. Without any control , power flow is based on the inverse of the

various transmission line _________.
a. Reactance
b. Capacitance
c. Impedance
d. Power factor
2. The HVDC line can be used to its full _____________if adequate

converter capacity is provided.
a. Dielectric capacity
b. Thermal capacity
c. Efficiency
d. Transient Stability
3. By means of controlling __________ a FACTS controller can control

the power flow as required.
a. Power factor
b. Frequency
c. Impedance
d. Real power
4. By means of varying the __________ a FACTS controller can

control the power flow as required.
a. Phase angle
b. Capacitance
c. Frequency
d. Power factor
Power Flow in Meshed System
1. A thyristor-controlled series capacitor can greatly enhance the

_________ of the network.
a. Stability
b. power factor
c. efficiency
d. None of these
2. Thyristor-Controlled Series Reactor can adjust the ____________

flows as well as __________.
ANS: Steady-state power, damp unwanted oscillations
3. Thermal capability of an overhead line is a function of the

_________ , _________, condition of the ,______________ and
______________.
ANS: Ambient temperature, Wind conditions, Conductor, Ground

clearance
4. ____________ is the ability of the power system to maintain

synchronism when subjected to a severe disturbance, such as a short
circuit on a transmission line.
a. Transient stability
b. Dynamic stability
c. Steady-state stability
d. Frequency collapse
5. _______________ is concerned with the ability of the power system

to maintain synchronism under small disturbances.
a. Transient stability
b. Dynamic stability
c. Steady-state stability
d. Frequency collapse
6. ___________is the phenomena caused if the system frequency is

much lower than the nominal frequency.
a. Steady-state stability
b. Frequency collapse
c. Voltage collapse
d. Sub-synchronous resonance
7. The sub-synchronous resonance (SSR) phenomena occurs in

_________resonant circuit.
a. Series
b. Shunt
c. Parallel
d. non-linear
MCQs on FACTS Page 4
Static Shunt Compensators
1. Shunt connected, fixed or mechanically switched _________ are

applied to minimize line overvoltage under light load conditions.
a. Impedance
b. Reactor
c. Capacitors
d. Converter
2. Shunt connected, fixed or mechanically switched _________ are

applied to maintain voltage levels under heavy load conditions.
a. Impedance
b. Capacitors
c. Converter
d. Reactor
3. The ultimate objective of applying reactive shunt compensation in a
transmission system is to increase the _______________.
a. Reactance
b. Current
c. Transmittable power
d. Voltage
4. Var compensation is thus used for voltage regulation at the

____________ to segment the transmission line and at the ______of
the (radial) line to prevent voltage instability.
a. End, Mid
b. Start, End
c. Start, Mid
d. Mid, End
5. A transmission line connecting two systems, the best location for

var compensation is in the______.
a. Middle
b. Starting
c. Ending
d. No where
Midpoint Voltage Regulation for Line Segmentation
1. Two-Machine System (Without Compensator)

Please, Do remember formula of Active Power and Reactive power of
without compensator.
Active Power:
Reactive Power:
2. Two-Machine System (With Shunt Compensator)

Please, Do remember formula of Active Power and Reactive power of
with compensator. Active Power : Reactive Power: The reactive power
𝑄𝑝 supplied by the shunt compensator:
6. For a radial feed to a load the best location is at the _______.
a. Load End
b. Starting
c. Mid
d. No where
NOTE: One more MCQ can be formed in the above question i.e
leaving the radial position blank. Ex. For a ________ feed to a load the
best location is at the load end. Static Series Compensation
1. AC power transmission over long lines was primarily limited by the

_____________ of the line.
a. Shunt impedance
b. Series impedance
c. Series reactive impedance
d. Shunt reactive impedance
The basic idea behind series capacitive compensation is to decrease

the overall effective series transmission impedance from the sending
end to the receiving end, i.e., 𝑋 in the P.
2. For increasing the voltage stability limit of overhead transmission,

____________ is much more effective than ______________ of the
same MVA rating.
a. Shunt compensation, Series compensation

b. Series compensation, Shunt compensation
3. The series compensator is a ______________ of the shunt

compensator.
a. Nonreciprocal
b. Directly proportional
c. Reciprocal
d. Integral
4. The shunt compensator is functionally a controlled reactive current
source which is connected in parallel with the transmission line to
control its _________.
a. Voltage
b. Current
c. Power
d. Transient
5. The series compensator is functionally a controlled voltage source

which is connected in series with the transmission line to control its
____________.
a. Current
b. Voltage
c. Power
d. Transient
6. In TSSC the degree of series compensation is controlled in a step-

like manner by increasing or decreasing the number of series
_________ inserted.
a. Resistor
b. Inductor
c. Capacitor
d. Diode
7. In TSSC a __________ is inserted by turning off, and it is bypassed

by turning on the corresponding thyristor valve.
a. Resistor
b. Inductor
c. Capacitor
d. Diode
8. The TSSC could be applied for power flow control and for damping
power oscillation where the required speed of response is
____________.
a. Slow
b. Moderate
c. Fast
d. Ultra-fast
9. The SSSC use ________ thyristors.
a. SCR
b. DIAC
c. TRIAC
d. GTO
10. The TSSC employs _________ thyristors.
a. DIAC
b. GTO
c. Conventional
d. MCT
11. The SSSC requires a coupling transformer, rated for _____ p.u. of
the total series var compensating range.
a. 0.1
b. 0.3
c. 0.4
d. 0.5
12. The TSSC is coupled _________ to the transmission line.
a. By Capacitor
b. By Inductor
c. Directly
d. By coupling transformer
MCQs on FACTS Page 5
Load Compensation
1. Load compensation is the management of __________ to improve
the quality of supply in ac power systems.
a. Power Quality
b. Active power
c. Reactive power
d. Apparent power
2. Power-factor correction usually means the practice of generating

reactive power as close as possible to the ________.
a. Source
b. Power plant
c. Load
d. Substation
3. Voltage regulation becomes an important and sometimes critical

issue in the presence of loads which vary their demand for_________.
a. Active power
b. Reactive power
c. Lagging Power factor
d. Leading Power factor
4. The supply utility are bound to limit their supply voltage, typically
_________ averaged over a period of a few minutes or hours.
a. ±5%
b. ±10%
c. ±15%
d. ±20%
It is much more practical and economic to size the power system

according to the maximum demand for real power, and to manage the
reactive power by means of ‘compensators’ and other equipment
which can be deployed more flexibly than generating units and which
make no contribution to fault levels.
Loads Requiring Compensation
1. It is typical that for sizeable industrial loads, power-factor
correction is economically advantageous if the uncompensated
power factor is less than ________.
a. 0.5
b. 0.6
c. 0.7
d. 0.8
Typical of loads requiring compensation are arc furnaces, induction

furnaces, arc welders, induction welders, steel rolling mills, mine
winders, very large motors (particularly those which start and stop
frequently), opencast excavators, wood chip mills, and high-energy
physics experiments (e.g., synchrotrons) which require pulsed high-
power supplies.
2. Large motor starts, limits Permitted in Voltage Fluctuation is

________.
a. 1-3%
b. 1-5%
c. 5-10%
d. 2-5%
3. Mine hoists, excavators, steel rolling mills, large thyristor-fed dc

drives have limits permitted in voltage fluctuation at distribution
voltages is _____ and at transmission voltages is ______.
a. 1-3%, ½-1½%
b. 1-5%, ½-1½%
c. ½-1½%, 1-3%
d. ½-1½%, 1-5%
4. Limits Permitted in Voltage Fluctuation for Arc furnaces is

__________.
a. ±15%
b. ±10%
c. ±5%
d. ±20%
*Do remember the Specification of a Load Compensator *Kindly go
through POWER-FACTOR CORRECTION AND VOLTAGE
REGULATION IN SINGLE-PHASE SYSTEMS Also read the difference
between Before compensation and After compensation.
5. A purely reactive compensator cannot maintain both constant

_______ and __________ simultaneously.
a. Current, unity power factor

b. Voltage, unity power factor
c. Current, 0.8 power factor
d. Voltage, 0.8 power factor
LOAD COMPENSATOR AS A VOLTAGE REGULATOR
1. The knee point voltage (𝑉𝑘)

2. The maximum or rated reactive power (𝑄𝛾𝑚𝑎𝑥)
3. The compensator gain (𝐾𝛾)
1. The compensator gain (𝐾𝛾)__________.

ANS:
2. The voltage sensitivity for load reactive power is ____________.

ANS:
1) Which among these HVDC projects are commissioned in India?
a. Rihand – Delhi HVDC

b. Vindhyachal Back to Back only
c. Chandrapur only
d. All of these
e. None of these
2) At what location are the shunt capacitors installed for voltages
above 33 kV and above?
a. Are located near the motors

b. Are installed in distribution substations
c. Both (A) and (B)
d. None of these
3) What is meant by Creepage Distance?
a. Shortest distance between two conducting parts along a stretched string.

b. Shortest distance between two conducting parts along the surface of the
insulating material.
c. Distance between ground and the highest earthed point on the
equipment.
d. All of these
4) Which among these is a part of HVDC link?

a. Two earth electrodes
b. Converter valves
c. Bipolar DC line
d. All of these
e. None of these
5) At what level is the load shedding carried out?
a. Distribution level
b. Transmission level
c. Both (A) and (B)
d. Depending upon the load
6) Which place is the ‘Regional load dispatch centre’ for the western
region in the national grid?
a. Mumbai
b. Ahmadabad
c. Bhopal
d. Nagpur
7) What type of insulation is preferred for DC smoothing Reactors?
a. Air
b. Oil
c. Paper
d. Varnish
8) At what condition does the corona start, if Es is the electrical stress

and Ecr is the critical voltage?
a. Es > Ecr
b. Es = Ecr
c. Es < Ecr
d. Es << Ecr
9) Which method of voltage control is applied for long line AC

transmissions?
a. Switching by shunt capacitors
b. Tap changing transformers
c. Switching by shunt reactors
d. Static Var sources
10) For what voltage is Twin conductor bundle used in India?

a. 220 kV
b. 500 kV
c. 750 kV
d. 330 kV
Pros of HVDC Power

Which of the following are pros of HVDC over AC:
1. Absence of Capacitance
2. Absence of inductance
3. Absence of phase displacement
4. All of these
VSC Converters for HVDC Power Transmission use
VSC Converters use:
1. Thyristors
2. Power diode
3. Transistors
4. All of these
Generally the Converter transformers used in VSC HVDC systems are

____
as compare to LCC HVDC systems
1. Complex
2. Simple
3. Identical
Symmetrical monopole converters are earthed with impedance
1. Zero
2. Low
3. Medium
4. High
“Statement: Corona is violet glow, hissing noise and ozone formation

phenomenon.
Assertion: DC lines have no corona”
1. Statment is correct, assertion is wrong

2. Statement is wrong, assertion is correct
3. Both are correct
4. Both are wrong
Correct answer: 1. Statment is correct, assertion is wrong
High Voltage dc transmission requires filters for
1. Line commuted converters

2. Voltage sourced converters
3. Both of these
4. None of these
With the recent advancements in Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) the
levels of
harmonic distortion are almost negligible. However, in the case of line-
commutated
converters and other simpler types of voltage-source converters
reasonable distortions are
sometimes evident on both the AC and DC sides of the converter. Due to
this, the harmonic
filters are required at the AC terminals of such converters.
Good to know: In HVDC transmission schemes that are employing
overhead lines
sometimes also required filters on the DC side.
Back to Back hvdc is used to

1. Interconnect two asynchronous AC systems
2. Stabilization of AC systems
3. For reducing short circuit currents
4. All of these
system. Alongside
this it finds its applications on frequency controls of AC systems, and
reduction of
short circuits currents.
VSC posses which property

VSC has:
3. Both of these
4. None of these
VSC posses DC voltage polarity
LCC posses which property

LCC has:
3. Both of these
4. None of these
In which type of HVDC system, only one pole is used?
Monopolar
Bipolar
Homopolar
Both (a) and (b)
Which of the following is Multi terminal HVDC system?

Monopolar
Bipolar
Homopolar
Both (a) and (b)
The HVDC transmission line is classified on the basis of

Poles
Earth system
Intermediate system
Both (a) and (b)
The rating of monopolar HVDC system is ______ to that of

bipolar HVDC system.
1/2
√2
2
√3
The function of the converter in the HVDC line is to convert

AC into DC
DC into AC
Either of the above
None of the above
Which of the following is not part of bipolar HVDC system?
Filter
Smoothing reactor
Convertor transformer
None of the above
The insulated line between HVDC substation and the earth

electrode is known as
Station earth
Earth electrode line
Substation earth
None of the above
The two conductor in the Homo polar HVDC system is

Positive polarity
Negative polarity
Same polarity
Any of the above
In which type of HVDC system, two poles are of same polarity &
earth as return path?
Monopolar
Bipolar
Homopolar
None of the above
The voltage between two poles in the bipolar HVDC system is

______ times to that of the pole to earth voltage.
3
2
√2
√3
As the transmission voltage increases, the transmission line
efficiency
Increases
Decreases
Does not affect
Any of the above
The surge impedance loading of a line is expressed as

√(L/C)
√(C/L)
V 2 / Zo
√ ( V 2 / Zo )
As the Three phase alternating voltage increases, the chargig

current through cable
Increases
Decreases
Does not affect
Any of the above
At the surge impedance loading of the line,

Reactive power charging > Reactive power consumed
Reactive power charging = Reactive power consumed
Active power = Reactive power
Either (b) or (c)
The transmission capacity is directly proportional to ______. (

where V is operative voltage )
V
V2
V3
1/V2
As the voltage level of transmission increases , the installation
cost per km
Increases
Decreases
Does not affect
Any of the above
The cost of transmission line tower, insulation and other

equipments is directly proportional to ______. ( where V is
operative voltage )
V
V2
V3
1/V2
As the transmission voltage increases

Volume of conductor decreases
Both (b) and (c)
As the voltage increases, the voltage regulation of the HVDC

system
Increases
Decraeses
Does not affect
Any of the above
The load carrying capacity of the transmission line is expresses

in terms of
Voltage
Surge impedance
Surge impedance loading
Any of the above
The corona loss in the transmission line is reduced by
Bundle conductors
Increasing diameter of conductors
Increasing distance between conductors
All of the above
In order to protect EHV line by lightning strokes, the tower

impedance should not be more than
50 ohm
100 ohm
5 ohm
0.5 ohm
In order to protect EHV lines from direct strokes, the protection

angle of grounding wire should be
15o
30o
45o
60o
The SIL of the transmission line is directly proportional to

______.
V
V2
1/V
1 / V2
The lighting protection of EHV is done by co - ordinating

Tower footing impedance
Line insulation
Ground wire
All of the above
As the transmission line voltage increases , the corona loss
Increases
Decreases
Does not affect
Any of the above
The ACSR conductors are economical for transmission line

voltage upto
66 kV
132 kV
220 kV
400 kV
The transmission line voltage above 750 kV is known as

High voltage
Extra high voltage
Ultra high voltage
Any of the above
The mechanical loading on towers of the EHV lines increases

due to
Ground clearance
Bundle conductors
Snow and wind pressure
All of the above
The natural impedance of the transmission line is

(1/π)√(L/C)
( 1 / 2π ) √ ( L / C )
√(L/C)
( 1 / 2π ) √ ( 1 / LC )
When a transmission line is operated at leading power factor,
the receiving end voltage
Decreases
Increases
Does not affect
Any of the above
The practical value of load angle in order to steady state power

transfer at full load is
0o to 10o
20o to 30o
30o to 60o
90o
The loading on cable is done at ______ to its natural load.

Equal
Less than
More than
Any of the above
The surge impedance of 220 kV line is approximately

50 Ω
150 Ω
320 Ω
400 Ω
The maximum power transmission through transmission line is

limited by
Thermal limit
Charging current
Both of the above
None of the above
As the transmission line voltage level increases, the surge
impedance
Increases
Decreases
Does not affect
Any of the above
The unit of surge impedance loading is

Ohm
kVAr
Watt
Siemens
As the length of the transmission line increases, the receiving

end voltage due to ferranti effect ______ .
Increases
Decreases
Does not affect
Any of the above
As the transmission line voltage level increases, the natural

load
Increases
Decreases
Does not affect
Any of the above
The maximum power transmission through transmission cable

is limited by
Charging current
Thermal limit
Both of the above
None of the above
The rate of reactive power loss in the EHV transmission line is
directly proportional to ______. ( where V is operating voltage )
V2
V3
1/V2
1/V3
The inphase voltage drop in the interconnector of the EHV is

governed by
Real power
Reactive power
Apparent power
Any of the above
The quadrature voltage drop in the interconnecter of EHV is

governed by ______ .
Real power
Reactive power
Apparent power
Any of the above
The transmission line receiving end voltage is controlled due to

ferranti effect by
Series reactor
Shunt reactor
Tap changing transformer
Any of the above
If the length of transmission line is 500 km, the rise of receiving

end voltage due to ferranti effect should be ______ .
0.013
0.05
0.13
1
The line charging increment in the EHV is directly proportional
to ______. ( where V is operating voltage )
V
V2
1/V
1/V2
If there is a voltage drop in the EHV line

Reactive power loss decreases
Reactive power loss increases
Charging capacity decreases
Both (b) and (c)
The loadability of a transmission line is related to ______ power

transfer capability.
Maximum
Minimum
Optimum
All of the above
As the load angle of the synchronous machine tends to 90o, the

stiffness coefficient tends to _______ .
Unity
0.8
0.5
Zero
The static stiffness of EHV is calculated by ______. ( where δ is

load angle )
Pmax Cos δ
Pmax Sin δ
Pmax tan δ
Pmax Sin2 δ
The switching surges are marginally affected by ______ .

Humidity
Rain
Wind flow
All of the above
The switching overvoltage on the EHV is due to ______ .

Fault interruption
Reclosing
Sudden load throw
Any of the above
The power transfer in the EHV is directly proportional to

______. ( where θ is line length in radian )
Sin θ
Cos θ
1 / Sin θ
1 / Cos θ
Which of the following is not decisive factor while selecting

insulation co - ordination?
Temporary overvoltages
Lightning overvoltages
Switching overvoltages
None of the above
As the line length of the EHV transmission line increases, the

power transfer through it ______ .
Increases
Decreases
Unaltered
Any of the above
As the line length of the EHV transmission line increases, the

SIL ______ .
Increases
Decreases
Unaltered
Any of the above
The over voltage in the EHV transmission line is

Temporary
Due to switching
Due to lighting
All of the above
Magnetic effect of current is called

A. magnetism
B. steady current
C. electric current
D. electromagnetism
1. The HVDC converter

a. Does not consume reactive power
b. Consumes as much reactive power as real power
c. Consumes 50% of the real power
Ans. c
2. A back to back HVDC link can be advantageous compared to AC

primarily because
a. It is cheaper
b. Of stability considerations
c. Of controlled power glow
Ans. c
2. A 12-pulse bridge is preferred in HVDC because

a. It eliminates certain harmonics
b. It results in better power factor
c. Series connection of converters on D.C. side is better
Ans. a
2. Fault on a two terminal DC link is removed by

a. Breakers on DC side
b. Breakers on AC side
c. Current control of converters
Ans. c

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Question Category UNIT-3 MCQ QUIZ BANK Revised

1. Light and Compact

1. Studies of electric plasmas in high current discharges

Question Category Unit 1 MCQ quiz

1. distance between the electrodes

1. loses electrical conductivity

1. Breakdown voltage is directly proportional to pressure and inversely to

1. Pressure of the gas

1. Only at low pressure

1. Much shorter than the statistical time lag

1. Increasing effective conductor radius

1. Lower the corona loss.

A Townsend discharge can be sustained only over a limited range of gas

Question Category Unit 5 MCQ

Question Category Unit 6 MCQ revised

1. Dry Flash over test

Choose True or False.

1. to find dielectric strength of Solid Liquid and gas insulating material

1. To determine insulation ability against transient voltages

The first step of transformer Impulse testing is to

Question Category UNIT 4 MCQ

Sphere gaps can measure:

Correct Feedback: Correct

Electrostatic voltmeter have uniform scale

1. Peak value of AC wave

HVDC transmission commercially began in the year

The intial HVDC valves were

Thyristor valves came into operation in the year

systems using igBT valves came into operation in

A DC cable used for HVDC transmission is

The break-even distance is the distance beyond which

In a monopolar system usually the pole is

Short circuit ratio of an HVDC grid is

The first HVDC scheme in india is

HVDC-VSC scheme employs

The main advantage of HVDC-VSC schemes is

A thyristor valve is fabricated using

A 12-pulse converters are used in modern converters because of

A 12-pulse connections, transformers are connected

IGBT converters operate on the principle of

A pack in an IGBT valve comparises

coolent used in thyristor/IGBT valves is

A 12-pulse converter consists of

power transfer through AC systems depends on

advantage of DC link for power transfer is

control of DC power in a DC link is done by

Control of power in DC link is necessary because

with increase in delay angle

for inversion or inverter operation

For stable operation of DC systems

characterisitc of a converter is the relation between

The common control done in converters is

VDCOL controlling is done & is necessary when

In case of IPC cosine control, DC output voltage is propotional to

Main drawback of CEA control is

In HVDC link with CC control

Communication failure usually occurs in

Converter transformer act as a source of generation of harmonics because

If pulse number =p & k is an integer, voltage harmonic generated on the

If pulse number =p & k is an integer, voltage harmonic generated on the

In a 12-pulse converter, the phase difference between the two 6-pulse

The lowest current harmonic produced in 12-pulse converters is

Increase in pulse number has the effect of