Proposed Three-Storey School Building Column Analysis and Design 460

APPENDICES A.6

COLUMN ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

Proposed Three-Storey School Building Column Analysis and Design 461

Formula

Area of Steel

π
Ast = ( D )²
4

Compressive strength of concete, fc’

fc’ = 21 MPa

Yield strength of steel, fy

fy = 400 MPa

Sizes and spacing of main bars and ties

i. Clear distance between longitudinal bars shall be not less than 1.5d b (db =
longitudinal bar diameter) nor 40mm.
ii. Use 10mm diameter ties for 32mm bars or smaller and at least 12mm in size
for 36mm and bundled longitudinal bars.
iii. Vertical spacing of ties shall be the smallest of the following:
1. 16 x db
2. 48 x tie diameter
3. least dimension of the column
 Proposed Three-Storey School Building Column Analysis and Design 462

See typical design for column

Subjected to axial pure axial.

B1'1 B1'1 B1'1 B1'1 B1'1 B1'1

Rdl = 3.108 KN Rdl = 3.108 KN Rdl = 3.108 KN Rdl = 3.108 KN Rdl = 3.108 KN Rdl = 3.108 KN
Rll = 0 KN/m Rll = 0 KN/m Rll = 0 KN/m Rll = 0 KN/m Rll = 0 KN/m Rll = 0 KN/m

B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 B1'1
Rdl = 31.761KN Rdl = 31.761KN Rdl = 31.761KN Rdl = 31.761KN Rdl = 31.761KN Rdl = 31.761KN Rdl = 3.108 KN
Rll = 16.20 KN/m Rll = 16.20 KN/m Rll = 16.20 KN/m Rll = 16.20 KN/m Rll = 16.20 KN/m
R Rll = 16.20 KN/m Rll = 0 KN/m

B4 B4 B4 B4 B4 B3
Rdl = 82.047 KN Rdl = 82.047 KN Rdl = 82.047 KN Rdl = 82.047 KN Rdl = 82.047 KN Rdl = 55.391 KN
Rll = 65.181 KN Rll = 65.181 KN Rll = 65.181 KN Rll = 65.181 KN Rll = 65.181 KN Rll = 32.592 KN

B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B1'1
Rdl = 42.224 KN Rdl = 42.224 KN Rdl = 42.224 KN Rdl = 42.224 KN Rdl = 42.224 KN Rdl = 42.224 KN Rdl = 3.108 KN
Rll = 29.997 KN Rll = 29.997 KN
B6
Rll = 29.997 KN
B6
Rll = 29.997 KN
B6
Rll = 29.997 KN
B6 R Rll = 29.997 KN
B5
Rll = 0 KN/m

Rdl = 16.964 KN Rdl = 16.964 KN Rdl = 16.964 KN Rdl = 16.964 KN Rdl = 17.758 KN
Rll = 14.40 KN Rll = 14.40 KN Rll = 14.40 KN Rll = 14.40 KN Rll = 7.20 KN
B8 B7 B7 B7 B7 B7 B1'1
Rdl = 36.981 KN Rdl = 29.288 KN Rdl = 29.288 KN Rdl = 29.288 KN Rdl = 29.288 KN Rdl = 29.288 KN Rdl = 3.108 KN
Rll = 27.596 KN Rll = 13.797 KN Rll = 13.797 KN Rll = 13.797 KN Rll = 13.797 KN Rll = 13.797 KN Rll = 0 KN/m
B5
Rdl = 14.759 KN
Rll = 7.20 KN
B1'1 B1'1 B1'1 B1'1 B1'1
B7 Rdl = 3.108 KN Rdl = 3.108 KN Rdl = 3.108 KN Rdl = 3.108 KN Rdl = 3.108 KN
Rdl = 24.788 KN Rll = 0 KN/m Rll = 0 KN/m Rll = 0 KN/m Rll = 0 KN/m Rll = 0 KN/m
Rll = 13.797 KN

B1'1
Rdl = 3.108 KN
Rll = 0 KN/m See typical design for column
Subjected to axial pure axial.

Roof Deck Load Mapping for Dead Load and Live Load See typical design for column
Subjected to axial pure axial.

B1'1 B1'1 B1'1 B1'1 B1'1 B1'1

Rdl = 3.108 KN Rdl = 3.108 KN Rdl = 3.108 KN Rdl = 3.108 KN Rdl = 3.108 KN Rdl = 3.108 KN
Rll = 0 KN/m Rll = 0 KN/m Rll = 0 KN/m Rll = 0 KN/m Rll = 0 KN/m Rll = 0 KN/m

B9 / B17 B9A B1'1

Rdl = 41.474 KN Rdl = 41.474 KN Rdl = 41.474 KN Rdl = 41.474 KN Rdl = 41.474 KN Rdl = 108.600 KN Rdl = 3.108 KN
Rll = 16.20 KN Rll = 16.20 KN Rll = 16.20 KN Rll = 16.20 KN Rll = 16.20 KN
R Rll = 30.795 KN Rll = 0 KN/m

B12 / B20 B12 / B20 B12 / B20 B12 / B20 B12 / B20 B11 / B19
Rdl = 91.070 KN Rdl = 91.070 KN Rdl = 91.070 KN Rdl = 91.070 KN Rdl = 91.070 KN Rdl = 70.795 KN
Rll = 65.181 KN Rll = 65.181 KN Rll = 65.181 KN Rll = 65.181 KN Rll = 65.181 KN Rll = 32.592 KN

B10 / B18 B10 / B18 B10 / B18 B10 / B18 B10 / B18 B10A B1'1
Rdl = 48.148 KN Rdl = 48.148 KN Rdl = 48.148 KN Rdl = 48.148 KN Rdl = 48.148 KN Rdl = 132.200 KN Rdl = 3.108 KN

R
Rll = 29.997 KN Rll = 29.997 KN Rll = 29.997 KN Rll = 29.997 KN Rll = 29.997 KN Rll = 44.592 KN Rll = 0 KN/m
B14 / B22 B14 / B22 B14 / B22 B14 / B22 B14 / B22 B13 / B21
Rdl = 16.813 KN Rdl = 16.813 KN Rdl = 16.813 KN Rdl = 16.813 KN Rdl = 16.813 KN Rdl = 24.505 KN
Rll = 14.40 KN Rll = 14.40 KN Rll = 14.40 KN Rll = 14.40 KN Rll = 14.40 KN Rll = 7.20 KN
B16 / B24 B15 / B23 B15 / B23 B15 / B23 B15 / B23 B15 / B23 B1'1
Rdl = 30.456 KN Rdl = 39.377 KN Rdl = 39.377 KN Rdl = 39.377 KN Rdl = 39.377 KN Rdl = 39.377 KN Rdl = 3.108 KN
Rll = 27.596 KN Rll = 13.797 KN Rll = 13.797 KN Rll = 13.797 KN Rll = 13.797 KN Rll = 13.797 KN Rll = 0 KN/m
B13 / B21
Rdl = 24.505 KN
Rll = 7.20 KN
B1'1 B1'1 B1'1 B1'1 B1'1
B15 / B23
Rdl = 3.108 KN Rdl = 3.108 KN Rdl = 3.108 KN Rdl = 3.108 KN Rdl = 3.108 KN
Rdl = 39.377 KN Rll = 0 KN/m Rll = 0 KN/m Rll = 0 KN/m Rll = 0 KN/m Rll = 0 KN/m
Rll = 13.797 KN

B1'1
Rdl = 3.108 KN
Rll = 0 KN/m See typical design for column
Subjected to axial pure axial.

Third Floor Load Mapping for Dead Load and Live Load
 Proposed Three-Storey School Building Column Analysis and Design 463

See typical design for column

Subjected to axial pure axial.

B1'1 B1'1 B1'1 B1'1 B1'1 B1'1

Rdl = 3.108 KN Rdl = 3.108 KN Rdl = 3.108 KN Rdl = 3.108 KN Rdl = 3.108 KN Rdl = 3.108 KN
Rll = 0 KN/m Rll = 0 KN/m Rll = 0 KN/m Rll = 0 KN/m Rll = 0 KN/m Rll = 0 KN/m

B9 / B17 B9A B1'1

Rdl = 41.474 KN Rdl = 41.474 KN Rdl = 41.474 KN Rdl = 41.474 KN Rdl = 41.474 KN Rdl = 108.600 KN Rdl = 3.108 KN
Rll = 16.20 KN Rll = 16.20 KN Rll = 16.20 KN Rll = 16.20 KN Rll = 16.20 KN Rll = 30.795 KN Rll = 0 KN/m
R

B12 / B20 B12 / B20 B12 / B20 B12 / B20 B12 / B20 B11 / B19
Rdl = 91.070 KN Rdl = 91.070 KN Rdl = 91.070 KN Rdl = 91.070 KN Rdl = 91.070 KN Rdl = 70.795 KN
Rll = 65.181 KN Rll = 65.181 KN Rll = 65.181 KN Rll = 65.181 KN Rll = 65.181 KN Rll = 32.592 KN

B10 / B18 B10 / B18 B10 / B18 B10 / B18 B10 / B18 B10A B1'1
Rdl = 48.148 KN Rdl = 48.148 KN Rdl = 48.148 KN Rdl = 48.148 KN Rdl = 48.148 KN Rdl = 132.200 KN Rdl = 3.108 KN
Rll = 29.997 KN Rll = 29.997 KN Rll = 29.997 KN Rll = 29.997 KN Rll = 29.997 KN Rll = 44.592 KN
R
Rll = 0 KN/m
B14 / B22 B14 / B22 B14 / B22 B14 / B22 B14 / B22 B13 / B21
Rdl = 16.813 KN Rdl = 16.813 KN Rdl = 16.813 KN Rdl = 16.813 KN Rdl = 16.813 KN Rdl = 24.505 KN
Rll = 14.40 KN Rll = 14.40 KN Rll = 14.40 KN Rll = 14.40 KN Rll = 14.40 KN Rll = 7.20 KN
B16 / B24 B15 / B23 B15 / B23 B15 / B23 B15 / B23 B15 / B23 B1'1
Rdl = 30.456 KN Rdl = 39.377 KN Rdl = 39.377 KN Rdl = 39.377 KN Rdl = 39.377 KN Rdl = 39.377 KN Rdl = 3.108 KN
Rll = 27.596 KN Rll = 13.797 KN Rll = 13.797 KN Rll = 13.797 KN Rll = 13.797 KN Rll = 13.797 KN Rll = 0 KN/m
B13 / B21
Rdl = 24.505 KN
Rll = 7.20 KN
B1'1 B1'1 B1'1 B1'1 B1'1
B15 / B23 Rdl = 3.108 KN Rdl = 3.108 KN Rdl = 3.108 KN Rdl = 3.108 KN Rdl = 3.108 KN
Rdl = 39.377 KN Rll = 0 KN/m Rll = 0 KN/m Rll = 0 KN/m Rll = 0 KN/m Rll = 0 KN/m
Rll = 13.797 KN

B1'1 See typical design for column

Rdl = 3.108 KN
Rll = 0 KN/m Subjected to axial pure axial.

Second Floor Load Mapping for Dead Load and Live Load
Proposed Three-Storey School Building Column Analysis and Design 464

Column 1 ( Pure Axial )

3rd Floor

Loadings

Unfactored reaction dead load

R = 3.108 KN + 31.761KN + 31.761KN + 82.047KN

R = 148.677 KN Beam

Unfactored reaction live load

R = 16.200KN + 16.200KN + 65.181KN

Beam Beam
R = 97.581 KN Column

Seismic axial force

F = 18.253 KN

Self-Weight of the column

Beam
Wc = 23.544 KN/m³ (0.5m x 0.5m x 3m) +

23.544 KN/m³ (0.4m x 0.4m x 1.2m)

Wc = 22.178KN

Total unfactored loads

Pn = 286.689 KN

Total Factored Pu

Pu = 1.2 (148.677KN + 22.178KN) + 0.5 (97.581KN) + 1.0 (18.253 KN)

Pu = 272.070 KN Pu

Pu = ØPn Beam Beam

272.070 = 0.9 ( Pn )

Pn = 302.299 KN
Proposed Three-Storey School Building Column Analysis and Design 465

Number of Longitudinal Bars

500

Use steel ratio 0.03

16-25mm Diameter
Longitudinal Bar
As
0.03 =
(500 mm x 500 mm) 500 10mm Diameter
Tie Bar

As = 7500mm²

π
7500mm² = (25mm)² n
4

n = 15.279 ≈ 16 – 25mm diameter bars

Allowable Pu

Pu = ØPn ; Ø = 0.9

Pn = 0.8 ( 0.85 fc’ (Ag-As) + Asfy )

Pn = 0.8 ( 0.85(21MPa)(250000mm² - 7500mm²) + 7500mm²(400MPa) )

Pn = 6357600 N

Pu = 0.9 ( 6357600 N )

Pu = 5721840 N

Pu = 5721.84 KN

Pu = 272.070 KN (Actual) < Pu = 5721.840 KN (Allowable)

Therefore, adopt 500mm x 500mm at 3rd Floor Column.

Spacing of column ties

Use 10mm diameter column ties

1. 16(25mm) = 400mm
2. 48(10mm) = 480mm
Proposed Three-Storey School Building Column Analysis and Design 466

3. 500mm

For lateral ties

Vu = 1.0Ve

Vu = 1.0(95.826KN)

Vu = 95.826 KN

Vc = 0

Vu = Ø ( Vc + Vs)

95.826 = 0.75 ( 0 + Vs )

Vs = 127.768 KN

Avfyd
S=
Vs

0.25 π (10 mm) ²(2)( 400 MPa)( 437.5 mm)

S=
127768 N

S = 215.147m

Maximum spacing of stirrups

Vs < √ f c ' (bd)

3

127768 N <
√ 21 Mpa( 500mm)(437.5 mm)
3

127768 N < 334146.144 N

d
Smax = or 600mm (Whichever is smaller)
2
Proposed Three-Storey School Building Column Analysis and Design 467

437.5 mm
Smax =
2

Smax = 218.750 mm = 200mm

Therefore,use 10mm diameter column ties spaced at 200mm O.C at 3rd Floor Column

Spacing of traverse reinforcement

Spacing of traverse reinforcement shall not exceed the smallest of (a) through (c):

One fourth of the minimum column dimension:

¼ (500mm) = 125mm

Six times the diameter of the smallest longitudinal bar:

6(25mm) = 150mm

So as calculated by
350−hx
So =100 + ( )
3

hx = 500mm – 2(40mm) – 10mm

hx = 410mm

350−410 mm
So = 100 + ( )
3
So = 80mm

The Value of So from eq. 418.7.5.3 shall not exceed 150mm and need not be taken less
than 100mm

Therefore, So = 100mm
Proposed Three-Storey School Building Column Analysis and Design 468

Column 1 (Pure axial)

2nd Floor

Loadings

Unfactored reaction dead load

R = 3.108KN + 108.600KN + 91.070KN + 41.474KN

R = 244.252 KN Beam

Unfactored reaction live load

R = 30.795KN + 65.181KN + 16.20KN

Beam Beam
R = 112.176 KN Column

Seismic axial force

F = 50.218 KN

Self-Weight of the column

Beam
Wc = 23.544 KN/m³ (0.5m x 0.5m x 3m)

Wc = 17.658 KN
Pu
Pn at the 3rd floor column
Beam Beam
Pn = 286.689 KN ( 3rd Floor )

Pn at the 2nd floor

Pn = 710.993 KN ( 2nd Floor )

Pu at the 3rd floor column

Pu = 272.070 KN

Total factored Pu at the 2nd floor

Proposed Three-Storey School Building Column Analysis and Design 469

Pu = 272.070 KN + 1.2(244.252 KN + 17.658 KN) + 0.5(112.176KN) +

1.0(50.218 KN)

Pu = 692.668 KN

Pu = ØPn

692.668KN = 0.9 (Pn)

Pn = 769.631 KN

Number of Longitudinal Bars

500

Use steel ratio 0.03

16-25mm Diameter

As Longitudinal Bar

0.03 =
(500 mm x 500 mm)
500 10mm Diameter
Tie Bar

As = 7500mm²

π
7500mm² = (25mm)² n
4

n = 15.279 ≈ 16 – 25mm diameter bars

Allowable Pu

Pu = ØPn ; Ø = 0.9

Pn = 0.8 ( 0.85 fc’ (Ag-As) + Asfy )

Pn = 0.8 ( 0.85(21MPa)(250000mm² - 7500mm²) + 7500mm²(400MPa) )

Pn = 6357600 N

Pu = 0.9 ( 6357600 N )

Pu = 5721840 N
Proposed Three-Storey School Building Column Analysis and Design 470

Pu = 5721.84 KN

Pu = 692.668 KN (Actual) < Pu = 5721.840 KN (Allowable)

Therefore, adopt 500mm x 500mm at 2nd Floor Column.

Spacing of column ties

Use 10mm diameter column ties

1. 16(25mm) = 400mm
2. 48(10mm) = 480mm
3. 500mm

For lateral ties

Vu = 1.0Ve

Vu = 1.0(167.820KN)

Vu = 167.820 KN

Vc = 0

Vu = Ø ( Vc + Vs)

167.820 = 0.75 ( 0 + Vs )

Vs = 223.760 KN

Avfyd
S=
Vs

0.25 π (10 mm) ²(2)( 400 MPa)( 437.5 mm)

S=
223760 N

S = 122.850m
Proposed Three-Storey School Building Column Analysis and Design 471

Maximum spacing of stirrups

Vs < √ f c ' (bd)

3

223760 N <
√ 21 Mpa( 500mm)(437.5 mm)
3

223760 N < 334146.144 N

d
Smax = or 600mm (Whichever is smaller)
2

437.5 mm
Smax =
2

Smax = 218.750 mm = 200mm

Therefore,use 10mm diameter column ties spaced at 200mm O.C at 2nd Floor Column

Spacing of traverse reinforcement

Spacing of traverse reinforcement shall not exceed the smallest of (a) through (c):

One fourth of the minimum column dimension:

¼ (500mm) = 125mm

Six times the diameter of the smallest longitudinal bar:

6(25mm) = 150mm

So as calculated by
350−hx
So =100 + ( )
3

hx = 500mm – 2(40mm) – 10mm

hx = 410mm
Proposed Three-Storey School Building Column Analysis and Design 472

350−410 mm
So = 100 + ( )
3
So = 80mm

The Value of So from eq. 418.7.5.3 shall not exceed 150mm and need not be taken less
than 100mm

Therefore, So = 100mm

Column 1 (Pure axial)

Ground Floor

Loadings

Unfactored reaction dead load

R = 3.108KN + 108.600KN + 91.070KN + 41.474KN

R = 244.252 KN
Beam

Unfactored reaction live load

R = 30.795KN + 65.181KN + 16.20KN

R = 112.176 KN Beam Beam

Column
Seismic axial force

F = 188.461 KN

Self-Weight of the column

Beam
Wc = 19.571 KN
Pu
Pn at the 2rd floor column
Beam Beam
Pn = 710.993 KN ( 2rd Floor )

Pn at the Ground floor

Pn = 1275.453 KN ( Ground Floor )

Pu at the 2nd floor column

Proposed Three-Storey School Building Column Analysis and Design 473

Pu = 692.668 KN

Total factored Pu at the Ground floor

Pu = 692.668 KN + 1.2(244.252 KN + 19.571 KN) + 0.5(112.176KN) +

1.0(188.461 KN)

Pu = 1253.805 KN

Pu = ØPn

1253.805KN = 0.9 (Pn)

Pn = 1393.116KN

Number of Longitudinal Bars

500

Use steel ratio 0.03

16-25mm Diameter
Longitudinal Bar
As
0.03 =
(500 mm x 500 mm) 500 10mm Diameter
Tie Bar

As = 7500mm²

π
7500mm² = (25mm)² n
4

n = 15.279 ≈ 16 – 25mm diameter bars

Allowable Pu

Pu = ØPn ; Ø = 0.9

Pn = 0.8 ( 0.85 fc’ (Ag-As) + Asfy )

Pn = 0.8 ( 0.85(21MPa)(250000mm² - 7500mm²) + 7500mm²(400MPa) )

Pn = 6357600 N
Proposed Three-Storey School Building Column Analysis and Design 474

Pu = 0.9 ( 6357600 N )

Pu = 5721840 N

Pu = 5721.84 KN

Pu = 1253.805 KN (Actual) < Pu = 5721.840 KN (Allowable)

Therefore, adopt 500mm x 500mm at Ground Floor Column.

Spacing of column ties

Use 10mm diameter column ties

1. 16(25mm) = 400mm
2. 48(10mm) = 480mm
3. 500mm

For lateral ties

Vu = 1.0Ve

Vu = 1.0(227.948KN)

Vu = 227.948 KN

Vc = 0

Vu = Ø ( Vc + Vs)

227.948 KN = 0.75 ( 0 + Vs )

Vs = 303.931 KN

Avfyd
S=
Vs
Proposed Three-Storey School Building Column Analysis and Design 475

0.25 π (10 mm) ²(2)( 400 MPa)( 437.5 mm)

S=
303931 N

S = 90.444mm

Maximum spacing of stirrups

Vs < √ f c ' (bd)

3

303931 N <
√ 21 Mpa( 500mm)(437.5 mm)
3

303931 N < 334146.144 N

d
Smax = or 600mm (Whichever is smaller)
2

437.5 mm
Smax =
2

Smax = 218.750 mm = 200mm

Therefore,use 10mm diameter column ties spaced at 200mm O.C at Ground Floor
Column

Spacing of traverse reinforcement

Spacing of traverse reinforcement shall not exceed the smallest of (a) through (c):

One fourth of the minimum column dimension:

¼ (500mm) = 125mm

Six times the diameter of the smallest longitudinal bar:

6(25mm) = 150mm

So as calculated by
Proposed Three-Storey School Building Column Analysis and Design 476

350−hx
So =100 + ( )
3

hx = 500mm – 2(40mm) – 10mm

hx = 410mm

350−410 mm
So = 100 + ( )
3
So = 80mm

The Value of So from eq. 418.7.5.3 shall not exceed 150mm and need not be taken less
than 100mm

Therefore, So = 100mm

Column 2 (Pure axial)

3rd Floor

Loadings

Unfactored reaction dead load

R = 82.047KN + 42.224KN + 42.224KN + 16.964KN

R = 183.459 KN

Unfactored reaction live load

R = 65.181KN + 29.997KN + 29.997KN + 14.40KN

R = 139.575 KN Beam

Seismic axial force

F = 13.689 KN
Beam Beam
Self-Weight of the column Column

Wc = 23.544 KN/m³ (0.5m x 0.5m x 3m)

Wc = 17.658 KN

Beam
Proposed Three-Storey School Building Column Analysis and Design 477

Pn at the 3rd floor

Pn = 354.381 KN
Pu
Total factored Pu at the 3rd floor
Beam Beam
Pu = 1.2(183.459 KN + 17.658 KN) +

0.5(139.575KN) + 1.0(13.689 KN)

Pu = 324.817 KN

Pu = ØPn

324.817KN = 0.9 (Pn)

Pn = 360.908KN

Number of Longitudinal Bars

500
Use steel ratio 0.03
16-25mm Diameter
As Longitudinal Bar

0.03 =
(500 mm x 500 mm)
500 10mm Diameter
Tie Bar
As = 7500mm²

π
7500mm² = (25mm)² n
4

n = 15.279 ≈ 16 – 25mm diameter bars

Allowable Pu

Pu = ØPn ; Ø = 0.9

Pn = 0.8 ( 0.85 fc’ (Ag-As) + Asfy )

Pn = 0.8 ( 0.85(21MPa)(250000mm² - 7500mm²) + 7500mm²(400MPa) )

Pn = 6357600 N
Proposed Three-Storey School Building Column Analysis and Design 478

Pu = 0.9 ( 6357600 N )

Pu = 5721840 N

Pu = 5721.84 KN

Pu = 324.817 KN (Actual) < Pu = 5721.840 KN (Allowable)

Therefore, adopt 500mm x 500mm at 3rd Floor Column.

Spacing of column ties

Use 10mm diameter column ties

1. 16(25mm) = 400mm
2. 48(10mm) = 480mm
3. 500mm

For lateral ties

Vu = 1.0Ve

Vu = 1.0(50.202KN)

Vu = 50.202 KN

Vc = 0

Vu = Ø ( Vc + Vs)

50.202 KN = 0.75 ( 0 + Vs )

Vs = 66.936 KN
Proposed Three-Storey School Building Column Analysis and Design 479

Avfyd
S=
Vs

0.25 π (10 mm) ²(2)( 400 MPa)( 437.5 mm)

S=
66936 N

S = 410.675mm

Maximum spacing of stirrups

Vs < √ f c ' (bd)

3

66936 N <
√ 21 Mpa( 500mm)(437.5 mm)
3

66936 N < 334146.144 N

d
Smax = or 600mm (Whichever is smaller)
2

437.5 mm
Smax =
2

Smax = 218.750 mm = 200mm

Therefore,use 10mm diameter column ties spaced at 200mm O.C at 3rd Floor Column

Spacing of traverse reinforcement

Spacing of traverse reinforcement shall not exceed the smallest of (a) through (c):

One fourth of the minimum column dimension:

¼ (500mm) = 125mm

Six times the diameter of the smallest longitudinal bar:

6(25mm) = 150mm
Proposed Three-Storey School Building Column Analysis and Design 480

So as calculated by
350−hx
So =100 + ( )
3

hx = 500mm – 2(40mm) – 10mm

hx = 410mm

350−410 mm
So = 100 + ( )
3
So = 80mm

The Value of So from eq. 418.7.5.3 shall not exceed 150mm and need not be taken less
than 100mm

Therefore, So = 100mm

Column 2 (Pure axial)

2nd Floor

Loadings

Unfactored reaction dead load

R = 91.070KN + 132.200KN + 16.813KN + 48.148KN

R = 288.231 KN
Beam
Unfactored reaction live load

R = 65.181KN + 44.592KN + 14.40KN + 29.997KN

R = 154.170 KN
Beam Beam
Seismic axial force Column

F = 37.664 KN

Beam
Proposed Three-Storey School Building Column Analysis and Design 481

Self-Weight of the column

Wc = 17.658 KN

Pn at the 3rd floor column Pu

Pn = 354.381 KN ( 3rd Floor ) Beam Beam

Pn at the 2nd floor

Pn = 852.104 ( 2nd Floor )

Pu at the 3rd floor column

Pu = 324.817 KN

Total factored Pu at the 2nd floor

Pu = 324.817 KN + 1.2(288.231 + 17.658 KN) + 0.5(154.170 KN) +

1.0(37.664 KN)

Pu = 806.633 KN

Pu = ØPn

806.633 KN = 0.9 (Pn)

Pn = 896.259 KN

Number of Longitudinal Bars

500

Use steel ratio 0.03

16-25mm Diameter

As Longitudinal Bar

0.03 =
(500 mm x 500 mm)
500 10mm Diameter
Tie Bar

As = 7500mm²

π
7500mm² = (25mm)² n
4

n = 15.279 ≈ 16 – 25mm diameter bars

Proposed Three-Storey School Building Column Analysis and Design 482

Allowable Pu

Pu = ØPn ; Ø = 0.9

Pn = 0.8 ( 0.85 fc’ (Ag-As) + Asfy )

Pn = 0.8 ( 0.85(21MPa)(250000mm² - 7500mm²) + 7500mm²(400MPa) )

Pn = 6357600 N

Pu = 0.9 ( 6357600 N )

Pu = 5721840 N

Pu = 5721.84 KN

Pu = 806.633 KN (Actual) < Pu = 5721.840 KN (Allowable)

Therefore, adopt 500mm x 500mm at 2nd Floor Column.

Spacing of column ties

Use 10mm diameter column ties

1. 16(25mm) = 400mm
2. 48(10mm) = 480mm
3. 500mm

For lateral ties

Vu = 1.0Ve

Vu = 1.0(87.697KN)

Vu = 87.697 KN
Proposed Three-Storey School Building Column Analysis and Design 483

Vc = 0

Vu = Ø ( Vc + Vs)

87.697 KN = 0.75 ( 0 + Vs )

Vs = 116.929 KN

Avfyd
S=
Vs

0.25 π (10 mm) ²(2)( 400 MPa)( 437.5 mm)

S=
116929 N

S = 235.091Mm

Maximum spacing of stirrups

Vs < √ f c ' (bd)

3

116929 N <
√ 21 Mpa( 500mm)(437.5 mm)
3

116929 N < 334146.144 N

d
Smax = or 600mm (Whichever is smaller)
2

437.5 mm
Smax =
2

Smax = 218.750 mm = 200mm

Therefore,use 10mm diameter column ties spaced at 200mm O.C at 2nd Floor Column

Spacing of traverse reinforcement

Spacing of traverse reinforcement shall not exceed the smallest of (a) through (c):

One fourth of the minimum column dimension:

Proposed Three-Storey School Building Column Analysis and Design 484

¼ (500mm) = 125mm

Six times the diameter of the smallest longitudinal bar:

6(25mm) = 150mm

So as calculated by
350−hx
So =100 + ( )
3

hx = 500mm – 2(40mm) – 10mm

hx = 410mm

350−410 mm
So = 100 + ( )
3
So = 80mm

The Value of So from eq. 418.7.5.3 shall not exceed 150mm and need not be taken less
than 100mm

Therefore, So = 100mm

Column 1 (Pure axial)

Ground Floor

Loadings

Unfactored reaction dead load

Beam
R = 91.070KN + 132.200KN + 16.813KN + 48.148KN

R = 288.231 KN

Unfactored reaction live load

Beam Beam
R = 65.181KN + 44.592KN + 14.40KN + 29.997KN Column

Beam
Proposed Three-Storey School Building Column Analysis and Design 485

R = 154.170 KN

Seismic axial force

F = 163.655 KN

Self-Weight of the column

Wc = 19.571 KN Pu

Pn at the 2nd floor column

Beam Beam

Pn = 852.104 (2nd Floor )

Pn at the ground floor

Pn = 1477.731 (ground Floor )

Pu at the 2nd floor column

Pu = 806.633 KN

Total factored Pu at the ground floor

Pu = 806.633 KN + 1.2(288.231 KN + 19.571 KN) + 0.5(154.170 KN) +

1.0(163.655 KN)

Pu = 1416.735 KN

Pu = ØPn

1416.735 KN = 0.9 (Pn)

Pn = 1574.150 KN

Number of Longitudinal Bars

500

Use steel ratio 0.03

16-25mm Diameter

As Longitudinal Bar

0.03 =
(500 mm x 500 mm)
500 10mm Diameter
Tie Bar
Proposed Three-Storey School Building Column Analysis and Design 486

As = 7500mm²

π
7500mm² = (25mm)² n
4

n = 15.279 ≈ 16 – 25mm diameter bars

Allowable Pu

Pu = ØPn ; Ø = 0.9

Pn = 0.8 ( 0.85 fc’ (Ag-As) + Asfy )

Pn = 0.8 ( 0.85(21MPa)(250000mm² - 7500mm²) + 7500mm²(400MPa) )

Pn = 6357600 N

Pu = 0.9 ( 6357600 N )

Pu = 5721840 N

Pu = 5721.84 KN

Pu = 1416.735 KN (Actual) < Pu = 5721.840 KN (Allowable)

Therefore, adopt 500mm x 500mm at Ground Floor Column.

Spacing of column ties

Use 10mm diameter column ties

1. 16(25mm) = 400mm
2. 48(10mm) = 480mm
3. 500mm

For lateral ties

Vu = 1.0Ve
Proposed Three-Storey School Building Column Analysis and Design 487

Vu = 1.0(119.043KN)

Vu = 119.043 KN

Vc = 0

Vu = Ø ( Vc + Vs)

119.043 KN = 0.75 ( 0 + Vs )

Vs = 158.724 KN

Avfyd
S=
Vs

0.25 π (10 mm) ²(2)( 400 MPa)( 437.5 mm)

S=
158724 N

S = 173.187m

Maximum spacing of stirrups

Vs < √ f c ' (bd)

3

158724 N <
√ 21 Mpa( 500mm)(437.5 mm)
3

158724 N < 334146.144 N

d
Smax = or 600mm (Whichever is smaller)
2

437.5 mm
Smax =
2

Smax = 218.750 mm = 200mm

Therefore,use 10mm diameter column ties spaced at 200mm O.C at 3rd Floor Column
Proposed Three-Storey School Building Column Analysis and Design 488

Spacing of traverse reinforcement

Spacing of traverse reinforcement shall not exceed the smallest of (a) through (c):

One fourth of the minimum column dimension:

¼ (500mm) = 125mm

Six times the diameter of the smallest longitudinal bar:

6(25mm) = 150mm

So as calculated by
350−hx
So =100 + ( )
3

hx = 500mm – 2(40mm) – 10mm

hx = 410mm

350−410 mm
So = 100 + ( )
3
So = 80mm

The Value of So from eq. 418.7.5.3 shall not exceed 150mm and need not be taken less
than 100mm

Therefore, So = 100mm