BROADACRES – concept
URBAN
PLANNING
BRASILIA – it is the capital
city of Brazil which was
designed by Lucio Costa
with a lot of influence
from Le Corbusier.
MEGALOPOLIS – Jean
Gottmann coined the term
which means “great city”.
THE MILE HIGH TOWER –
FLW conceptualized a
skyscraper named____,
which Manhattan
residents could occupy in
order to free up space
greenfields.
KIYONORI KIKUTAKE –
conceptualized the floating
city, which was a city built to
float on the
oceans.
CHANDIGARH – this the
only realized urban design
plan of Le Corbusier.
SORIA Y MATA – linear city
was a concept proposed by
the Spanish Engineer.
PAOLO SOLERI – the 3D
city concept called “The
Arcology Alternative” was
proposed by.
INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION – this era in
history generated jobs,
increased productivity and
opened
up mass
market for goods due to
emergence of new materials
and
production techniques.
SAMPALOC, MANILA -
proposed by FLW where first “University Town” of the
family live in one acre of Philippines where the
land. University of Sto. Tomas
is
ALBERT MYER – created
located.
the original Masterplan of
Chandigarh. ECONOMIC – a basic and
continuing function where
BARANGAY – the
the city acts as producers
community unit during the
and market places.
pre-colonial times in the
Philippines. EDUCATION AND
CULTURE – cities have
LAWS OF INDIES – in
always been the seat of
1573, King Philip II
academy and scholarship
proclaimed the _____ which
and is
established uniform
a continuing
standards
function.
and planning procedures for
colonial settlements. HOUSING – the largest and
simplest function of a city.
ELEMENTARY SCHOOL -
it was the centerpiece of WORSHIP AND
every pueblo. GOVERNMENT – the prime
function of a city throughout
CHURCH – it was usually at
history.
the head if the pueblo.
DEFENSE AND
INTRAMUROS – it was the
PROTECTION – historic
walled city of Manila.
urban function which is quite
1.2 SQ. KM; 3.4 KM – the obsolete at the present.
perimeter of Intramuros in
TRANSPORTATION –
area and in perimeter.
greatly influences the
DANIEL BURNHAM – he location of cities since they
was the planner who are dependent on
designed Chicago, San
Francisco, Manila and geography.
RING – urban shape where
Baguio, formulated the “City
a city is built around an
Beautiful Movement”. “make
open space.
no little plans…”
RECTILINEAR – usually
BAROQUE – it is the style
with two corridors of intense
of planning usually had
development crossing the
plans fronting large bodies
center; usually found
of water as was used in
in small cities
Burnham’s design for
rather than in large.
Manila.
STAR – radiocentric form
MANILA – it is the first
with open spaces between
chartered city of the
the outreaching corridors of
Philippines.
development.
SHEET – a vast urban area
with little or no articulation.
ARTICULATED SHEET – a
sheet accented by one or
more central clusters and
several subclusters.
SATELLITE – constellation
of cities around a main
center.
LINEAR – usually the result
of natural topography or
may also be due to
transportation spine such as
Stalingrad.
BRANCH – linear spine with
connecting arms.
RADIOCENTRIC – large
circle with radial corridors of
intense development
developing from the
center.
CONSTELLATION – a
series of equal sized cities
in close proximities like
stars forming certain
figures.
JERICHO – the earliest
settlement in Israel.
CATAL HUYUK – it is the
earliest settlement in
Turkey, largest Neolithic
-city.
EUPHRATES – the river
along the fertile crescent
were Tigris and _____.
ACROPOLIS – the most
famous city-state in Greece,
Atop a hill with no definite
geometric plan.
HIPPODAMUS – he was
the first noted urban
planner.
TONY GARNIER – he
developed the concept of
Une Cite Industrielle.
CURIA – it is the Romans
meeting hall, later their
capitol.
BASILICA – covered
markets later law courts of
Roman cities.
INSULAE – roman housing
units 3-6 units high with
storefronts.
DOMUS – traditional roman
house with a central atrium.
STALINGRAD – an
example of a linear city.
CONCENTRIC ZONE
THEORY – simplest urban
model formulated by E.W
Burgess.
SECTOR MODEL – the
economist Homer Hoyt,
developed under the
premise that other uses
grow with the
CBD.
URBAN REALMS – urban
model formulated by James
Vance which emphasizes
the independence
of different
urban regions brought about
by the rise of automobiles.
MULTIPLE NUCLEI
MODEL - by Chauncy
Harris & Edward Pullman
(geographers), uses do not
evolve
around a single corebut at
several nodes and focal
points.
PLANNED UNIT
DEVELOPMENTS (PUD) –
also referred to as clustered
zoning.
TRANSIT ORIENTED
DEVELOPMENTS – a
mixed use community with
an average 670-meter
distance
of a transit stops and
commercial core area.
PORCH – an exterior
appendage to a building
forming a covered approach
in a doorway.
PORTE COCHERE – a
porch roof projecting over a
driveway at the entrance to
a building and
sheltering
those in and out of their
vehicles.
PORTICO – a porch having
a roof supported by columns
often leading to the
entrance of a building.
KHIROKITIA – the early
settlement in Cyprus – 5500
B.C. first documented
settlement with streets.
ERIDU - acknowledged as
the oldest city.
DAMASCUS – oldest
continually inhabited city.
BABYLON – the largest city
with 80,000 inhabitants.
TEL-EL-AMARNA – an
example of a typical
Egyptian city with a central
area, north suburb, south
city,
custom’s house, worker’s
village.
INDUS VALLEY
(PAKISTAN) - Cities of
Mohenjo – Daro and
Harrapa, administrative-
religious

centers with 40,000
inhabitants.
YELLOW RIVER VALLEY
OF CHINA - “land within the
passes”. Precursor of Linear
City.
ANYANG – largest city of
the Yellow River Valley.
BEIJING - founded in
approximately same
location it’s in today, present
form originated in the Ming
Dynasty (1368-
1644).
POLIS – defined as a “city-
state”.
ROMAN CITIES – adopted
Greek forms but with
different scale- monumental,
had a social hierarchy.
MEDIEVAL ORGANIC
CITY – taken after the
“boug” (military town) and
“fauborg” (citizen’s town) of
the medieval ages.
MEDIEVAL BASTIDE –
taken from the French
bastide (eventually referred
to as “new towns”).
THE ENGLISH
RENAISSANCE - “the
European Planned City”.
ANNAPOLIS – government
bldgs were focal points of
the plan, though a civic
square was also
provided.
WILLIAMSBURG – plan
was anchored by the
Governor’s palace, the state
capitol, and the College of
William
and Mary.
THE SPECULATORS
TOWN – developments
were driven by speculation.
EBENEZER HOWARD –
author of “Tomorrow: A
Peaceful Path to Social
Reform”.
BARON HAUSMANN –
worked on the
reconstruction of Paris-
linear connection between
the place
de concord, arc de
triomph, eiffel tower and
others.
LE CORBUSIER - “the
Cities of Tomorrow”.
MOTOPIA – proposed by
Edgar Chambless, vehicular
traffic will be along rooftops
of a continuous
network of buildings, while
the streets will be for
pedestrian use only.
SCIENCE CITIES –
proposed by the
“metabolism group”;
visionary urban designers
that proposed
underwater cities,
“biological” cities, cities in
pyramids, etc.
THE AMERICAN AGENDA
– guide urban growth and
physical development, put
more emphasis on
other
values such as sanitation,
housing, and aesthetic
improvements.
KEVIN LYNCH – “Image of
the City”.
URBAN SPACES – well-
defined public streets;
plazas, parks, playgrounds,
quadrangles, etc.
FLOOR AREA RATIO - the
proportions between the
built area and the lot area.
FLOOR SPACE INDEX
(FSI) - established by
dividing the area of the total
floor-space of the
buildings on any by the site
area, including half the area
of any roads
adjoining it.
LAND USE PLANNING
AND ZONING - defined as
the legal regulation of the
use of land, allocating
types of uses based
on growth patterns.
INCENTIVE ZONING –
allowing builders and
developers more space if
they provide certain
desirable
features and
amenities such as plazas,
arcades, and other open
spaces.
CLUSTER ZONING –
creating special zoning
policies and regulations for
medium to large sized
controlled developments.
URBAN DESIGN
GUIDELINES – building
heights, setbacks, building
bulks, architectural
character.
ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACT STATEMENT – for
large projects developers
are required to outline
possible
effects of the project on the
environment.
ENVIRONMENTAL
PRESERVATION -
protecting the environment
from urban growth by
restricting
development in certain
areas, especially in
sensitive areas
such as wetlands, coastal
areas, and mountain
environments.
CONSERVATION – a term
used interchangeably with
preservation but having the
rather more
positive
connotation of adaptation of
parts of buildings while
retaining the
essential spirit
of the original.
URBAN RENEWAL – a
general term to describe the
idea of consciously
renewing the outworn areas
of
towns and cities; covers
most aspects of renewal,
including both
redevelopment and
rehabilitation.
ADAPTIVE REUSE –
converting old, usually
historic buildings, sections
of, or entire districts to new
uses
other than their original
purpose.
REHABILITATION – term
used to describe the idea of
repairing, redecorating and
in some cases
converting, existing
structurally sound property
to a standard compatible
with
modern requirements of
amenity and health.
INVASION – a type of urban
ecological process
definedas the entrance of a
new population and / or
facilities in an already
occupied area.
BLOCK-BOOSTING –
“forcing” the old population
out of the area because of
social or racial
differences.
CENTRALIZATION – an
urban ecological process in
city land use patterning
referring to an increase
in population
at a certain geographic
center.
GENTRIFICATION –
improving the physical set-
up and consequently
affecting the market for
previously run-down areas.
SPRAWL – creates
landscapes dominated by
parking lots and undefined
edges, aesthetically
unpleasing
characteristics of the urban
fabric.
THE REGION - urbanism,
defined by its diversity,
pedestrian scale, public
space &structure of
bounded
neighborhoods, should be
applied throughout a
metropolitan region
regardless
of location.
NEIGHBORHOODS – are
urbanized areas with a
balanced mix of human
activity.
DISTRICTS – are areas
dominated by a single
activity.
CORRIDORS – are
connectors and separators
of neighborhoods and
districts.
STREETS – are not the
dividing lines within a city,
but are to be communal
rooms and passages.
BLOCKS – are the field on
which unfolds both the
building fabric and the
public realm of the city.
BUILDINGS – are the
smallest increment of
growth in the city.
JACKSON TAYLOR –
presents three different
block types, the mixed use
commercial-office-
residential, high density
residential, lower density
residential.
ABERCROMBIE, SIR
LESLIE PATRICK (1874-
1957) – In 1913 he won a
competition for the re-
planning of Dublin,
in 1944 he published his
Greater London
Plan and founder of the
Town Planning
Review.
BACON, EDMUND
NORWOOD (1910-) –
architect designer in
Shanghai, author of
Designing Cities.
GARNIER, TONY (1869-
1948) – Cité Industrielle,
designed between 1898 and
1904, distinct
functional zoning
throughout.
GEDDES, SIR PATRICK
(1854-1932) – the author of
Cities in Evolution (1915), in
planning circles,
his indelible mark is
made by his extensive
contribution to
fresh thought on the shape
and location of
contemporary
human communities.
GROPIUS, WALTER (1883-
1969) - invented the
residential layout in which
slab blocks of flats are
placed laterally or obliquely
to a street rather than
parallel with it.
GRUEN, VICTOR (1903-) –
planner and author who has
pioneered the development
in America of
both regional
and city centre pedestrian
shopping areas.
JACOBS, JANE (1916-) –
American author and former
associate editor of
Architectural Forum whose
book the Death and Life of
Great American Cities was
published in 1962.
KAHN, LOUIS (1901) –
American architect noted for
his imaginative sequence of
plans for the
redevelopment of
Philadelphia, designed
intermittently between 1952
and
1961.
MAYER, ALBERT –
believed that housing
developments should blend
in with the neighboring city
to
produce a change of
character, but not a shock.
MUMFORD, LEWIS (1895-)
– an influential American
writer on planning and
sociology, his first book
on
planning, The Story of
Utopias, was published in
1922.
NASH, JOHN – designer of
London’s Park Crescent and
Regent’s Park believed in
curving forms,
rather than formal
grid patterns.
OSBORN, SIR FREDERIC
JAMES (1885-) – author,
planner and propagandist,
Sir Frederic Osborn
has acquired
an international reputation
for his
sustained and tireless
espousal of the principles
behind
Howard’s Garden Cities.
SILKIN. LEWIS – new
Towns Act of 1946 and the
Town and Country Planning
Act of 1947, Earned
his place in the
history of planning by the
legislation which he
introduced into
Parliament while
minister of Town and
Country Planning from 1945
to 1950.
SITTE, CAMILLO (1843-
1903) – Austrian art
historian and writer of the
book Der Städtebau nach
seinen
künstlerischen Grundsätzen
(City Planning According to
Artistic
Principles).
TANGE, KENZO – Architect
and planner who analyzed
major cities of the world’s
industrialized
countries, finding
that characteristically they
comprise only about 15% of
a
country’s population.
VITRUVIUS (1ST
CENTURY B.C.) – the 4th
to 7th chapters of his first
book are concerned
generally
with
town planning and embody
fundamental principles for
the
layout and
form of whole towns.
WOOD, JOHN – designer of
the Royal Circus and the
Royal Crescent in Bath,
England, an early
advocate
of formalism in town
planning highlighted by
simple curved buildings.
WREN, CHRISTOPHER –
credited for rebuilding
London after the fire of
1966, the stock exchange
building was the symbolic
focal point of his plan,
instead of the traditional
palace or cathedral.
HORTICULTURE – the
science or art of cultivating
fruits, vegetables, flowers,
or ornamental plants.
AXIS – a n imaginary line
about which a form, area, or
plane is organized.
CIRCULATION –
represents design elements
of both movement and rest,
setting the pace, mood,
atmosphere, and
experience of a landscape.
GRID – a system of
coordinates used in locating
the principle elements of a
plan while creating an
understandable
pattern.
HIERARCHY – refers to the
physical form of rank
ordering of spaces or
features, communicating
value and
importance while adding
organization.
POINTS OF TRANSITION –
are loci of change,
thresholds of movement
from inside to outside,
darkness to light, enclosed
space to open space, grade
to grade,
movement to rest, or places
to change direction.
STRUCTURING
ELEMENTS – are physical
forms that define space,
create units, articulate
circulation, suggest
movement, or develop
composition.
BORROWED VIEW –
describes scenery or
elements beyond the actual
design that become an
important or integral part of
the composition.
FIGURE AND GROUND –
diagram enables the
designer to reveal the form
of the ground plane by
darkening the figures or 3-D
elements of the design.
POINT – this marks the
position in space, used to
assert ownership or
dominion over an area, and
to provide focus in a
given design.
LINE – this is an extension
of a point in one dimension.
It can be regular, fuzzy,
jagged, curvy or
discontinuous.
FORM – this includes the
shape and structure of a
plant or plant mass.
TERRACE – an open paved
area connected to a house
or building and serving as
an outdoor
living area.
VERANDA – a large open
porch and is usually roofed.
LANAI – a veranda esp. a
fully furnished one used as
a living room.
BALCONY – is a platform
projecting from a wall of a
building supported by
columns or support
brackets
usually enclosed by
balustrade and above
ground floor.
CARPET BEDDING – the
practice of forming beds of
low-growing foliage plants,
all of an even
height, in
patterns that resemble a
carpet both in intricacy of
design and in
uniformity of surface.
LAWN – a land area
covered by grass, usually
mown. It creates a green
ground plane whose shape
and design
complements or contrasts
with other features.
TERRACE – a raised level
of earth, sometimes
retained by stone or
concrete, with a surface of
stone, brick, turf, pea
gravel, ground cover, or a
combination thereof.
MEADOW – a richly
grassed area for mowing or
pasture. It can be composed
of open and undulating
grasses, wildflowers, or wild
prairie plants.
PARTERRE – originally
from the Italian verb partire,
to divide; later the French
term parterre evolved,
literally translated as on the
ground.
PATHWAYS – an
ornamental, compositional
and functional component of
a garden. Straight, wide,
rectilinear
pathways give a garden a
controlled and orderly
character.
TAPIS VERT – literally
translates as “green cloth.”
It is a swath of lawn, usually
rectilinear in shape,
used to strengthen
a visual axis or focus
attention on an object.
ARBOR – a leafy, shady
recess formed by tree
branches, shrubs, or vines
often intertwined on a
latticework or
other architectural structure.
GROVE – a grouping of
trees either planted or
occurring naturally, usually
of the same plant species
and organic in
form.
PERGOLA – an Italian term
that means arbor, bower or
close wall of boughs.
ESPALIER – from the
Italian word spalle, meaning
shoulder or to lean on.
HEDGES – tall, short,
narrow, wide, angular, or
serpentine –a hedge can
form a wall as the backdrop
for sculpture or
herbaceous plantings,
create an edge, or
emphasize the outline of a
design.
PALISADE – a row of
closely planted trees or
shrubs clipped into a green
wall.
TREILLAGE – a French
term meaning trelliswork, a
traditional garden craft
featuring latticework
construction.
ARCH – an arch is a curved
structure generally
surmounting and connecting
two uprights.
GATE – a gate is an
opening in a wall, fence, or
hedge that controls the point
of transition from inside to
outside.
TRELLIS – a trellis can
announce an entrance and
provide a window into
another realm of the
garden.
ALLEE – is a walk bordered
by trees or clipped hedges
in a garden, park or street.
BORDER – a border is a
planting bed, usually linear
in form, made up of layers
of plant material that
one walks beside.
PLEACHED WALKWAY –
a pleached walkway is a
row of closely planted trees
trained to form a
continuous narrow wall or
hedge.
ANGLE OF REPOSE – is
the steepest angle of
descent or dip relative to the
horizontal plane to
which a material
can be piled without
slumping.
AREA DRAIN – a structure
for collecting runoff from
relatively small area.
BENCH - a horizontal or
sloping step in a slope.
BIORETENTION - a
technique that use parking
lot island, planting strips, or
swales to collect and filter
storm
water.
BRUSHLAYERING – laying
live branch cuttings in
crisscross fashion on
benches between
successive lifts of soil.
CHANNEL - a natural
stream or a ditch or a swale
constructed to convey
water.
COMPACTION - the
densification if a soil by a
mechanical process.
CONSTRUCTED
WETLAND - artificially
created wetland primarily to
treat point and non-point
sources of
water pollution.
CROWN – the rise or
difference in elevation
between the edge and the
centerline of a roadway.
CUT SECTION (CUT) – the
part of the ground surface
that when graded is lower
than the original
ground.
DATUM – a horizontal
reference plane used as a
basis for computing
elevations.
DETENTION BASIN (DRY
POND) – an impoundment
normally dry.
BALANCE – results from
the placement of an object
(plant) or objects along an
imaginary or real axis
in a landscape composition.
EMPHASIS – differentiates
the more important from the
less important.
PROPORTION – refers to
the actual size of an object
or its size relative to another
object.
REPETITION - is the BIOSWALE – is a ditch that
placement of the same or allows for rainwater to soak
similar form, texture, or into earth slowly, rather than
color over and over again. flooding streets or
going into the ocean.
RHYTHM – is a patterned
repetition of a design
principle at regular or
irregular intervals.

SCALE – is the perception

of an object’s size based on
its relation to the human
body or relation to
another object.

SEQUENCE – arranges the

designs of that the viewer’s
attention moves in a distinct
way.

SIMPLICITY – is restraint,
moderation, and fitness of
design. These qualities give
permanence to the
work of great architects and
landscape architects.

SYMMETRY – is the
similarity of size, form, and
arrangement of parts on
opposite sides of a plane,
line, or
point.

ASYMMETRY – is simply
when garden features are
not symmetrical or identical
on two sides of a
plane, line, or point.

VARIETY – is the diversity

of design qualities in a
composition.

SUSTAINABILITY - seeks
to minimize the negative
environmental impact of
man-made

developments by efficiency
and moderation in the use
of materials, energy, and

development space.