HISTORY OF COMPUTER

Invention Inventor Date Uses

Jacquard loom Joseph marie 1804-1805 In weaving, device incorporated in special looms to control individual
or jacquard jacquard warp yarns. It enabled loom to produce fabrics having intricate woven
attachment or patterns such as tapestry, brocade and damask, and it has also been
jacquard adapted to the production of patterned knitted fabrics.jacquard’s loom
mechanism utilized interchangeable punched cards that controlled the weaving of
the cloth so that any desired pattern could be obtained automatically.
Arithmometer Charles 1820 The first commercial mass-produced calculating devce. Based on
xavier leibniz’s technology, it could perform addition, subtraction,
thomas de multiplication, and, with some more elaborate user involvement,
colmar of division. It was extremely popular and sold for 90 years. In contrast to
france the modern’s calculator credit-card size, the arithmometer was large
enough to cover a desktop.
Difference Charles 1791-1871 Difference engne are stricly calculators. They crunch numbers the only
engine and babbage way they know how- by repeated addition according to the method of
analytical finite differences. They cannot be used for general arithmetical
engine calculation. The analytical engine is much more than a calculator and
marks the progression from the mechanized arithmetic of calculation to
fully fledged general -purpose computation. There were at least three
designs at different stages of the evolution of his ideas. So it is strictly
correct to refer to analytical engines in plural.
Augusta ada Ada lovelace, 1833 (1843) Lovelace became interested in babbage’s machines as early as 1833
byron ada king, and, most notably, in 1843 came to translate and annotate an article
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(associate of countess of written by the italian mathematician and engineer luigi federico
charles lovelace. menabrea, “notions sur la machine analytique de charles babbage.”
babbage, for Original (1842; “elements of charles babbage’s analytical machine”). Her
whose name: detailed and elaborate annotations (especially her description of how
prototype of a augusta ada the proposed analytical engine could be programmed to compute
digital computer byron, lady bernoulli numbers) were excellent; “the analytical engine,” she said
she created a byron. “weaves algebraic patterns, just as the jacquard-loom weaves flowers
program. She and leaves.” Babbage only built a small part of the analytical engine,
has been called but lovelace’s efforts have been remembered. The early programming
the first language ada was named for her, and the second tuesday in october
computer has become ada ovelace day, on which the contributions of women to
programmer.) science, technology, engineering, and mathematics are honoured.
Scheutzian Per georg 1837 The general purpose of the machine is to provide a solution to the
calculation scheutz invented same problem for which the english calculating machine constructed by
engine and finalized babbage was designed, namely to present in tabular form and to print
in 1843 in stereotypes the successive terms of arithmetical series. It can hus be
used for the construction of tables where the difference of a certain
order becomes constant. The machine in question consists of three
parts: the calculating unit, the prnting unit and the numerator.
Tabulating Herman 1889 An electrical counting machine. The machine was proof of his concept
machine hollerith that data could be encoded by holes punched in a card and thereby
counted and sorted electronically. It was successful, and hollerith went
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on to found the tabulating machine company, which later merged to
become a company called ibm.
Mark i Howard aiken 1937 The harvard mark i was a large machine designed to assist in the
numerical computation of differential equations. It was designed by
howard aiken at harvard university and funded and built by ibm. The
machine was known as the harvard mark i (or the ibm automatic
sequence controlled calculator (ascc)). Aiken demonstrated that a large
calculating machine could be built that would provide speedy solutions
to mathematical problems. He also designed the mark ii,iii,iv, as well as
making important contributions to early computer science education.
Zi Konrad zuse Designed:19 It was a binary electrically driven mechanical calculator with limited
35-1936 programmanility, reading instructions from punched tape. A
built: 1936- reproduction of this machine is housed n deutsches technikmuseum
1938 berlin. The machine was a 22-bit floating point value adder and
subtracter, with some control logic making it capable of more complex
operations such as multiplications(by repeated additions) and division
(by repeated subtraction). Z1’s isa had nine instructions and its cpi
raged from 1 to 20. It was the first freely programable computer of the
world which used boolean logic and binary floating point numbers.
Atanasoff-berry Professor dr. 1939-1942 Considered the first electronic digital computer and was the first
computer (abc) John vincent machine to use vacuum tubes (over 300 vacuum tubes).
atanasoff and
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his graduate
student
clifford berry
Eniac J. Prosper 1946 The first all electronic computer was the electrical numerical integrator
eckert and and calculator, known as eniac. It was the first multipurpose electronic
john w. computer, though very difficult to re-program. It was primarily used to
Mauchly compter aircraft courses, shell trajectories, and to break code during
ww 1. Eniac occupied a 20 x 40 foot room and used 18,000 vacuum
tubes. It could never be turned off. And it had a very limited storage
capacity and it was programmed by jumper wires plugged into a large
board.
Univac  j. Presper 1951 The first practical electronic computer and was known as univac
eckert and (universal automatic computer). Univac was first used by the bureau of
john census. Its unique feature was that it was not a one- of- a- kind
mauchly computer. It was mass produced.the first general-purpose
electronic digital computer. These giant computers, which used
thousands of vacuum tubes for computation, were the
forerunners of today’s digital computers.
Edvac Mauchly and 1947 The edvac is the successor of the eniac.this computer was called by
eckert. acronym edvac (electronic discrete variable automatic computer).this
machine should be abel to hold any programme in memory that was
fed to it. This would be possible because edvac was going to have
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more internal memory than any other computing device to date. In
other words a multipurpose computer.the idea being that given a tube
of mercury, an electronic pulse could be bounced back and forth to be
retrieved at will--another two state device for storing 0s and 1s. This
on/off switchability for the memory was required because edvac was to
use binary rather than decimal numbers, thus simplifying the
construction of the arithmetic units.
Osborne 1 American (1981) Widely considered the first portable personal computer ever (the ibm
engineer lee 5100 anticipated it by six years but was so outrageously expensive that
felsenstein it’s hard to call it really “personal”*). It had been also the only one
produced in high volumes by san francisco-based osborne computer
corporation during its brief life, from 1980 to 1985.
Released in 1981, the osborne 1 – which was clearly inspired by one of
the many seminal projects developed at the xerox parc in palo alto,
namely the xerox notetaker – was not a laptop (it didn’t have an
internal battery) but a computer which could be rather easily moved
from one place to another.the machine was based on a classic z80-
cp/m architecture, with a 4mhz zilog z80 processor and 64kb of ram,
and was bundled with a comprehensive software pack which included a
word processor, a database, and a spreadsheet. The software bundle
was stored on single-side floppy disks, since the machine, like most
computers of the time,  didn’t include a hard disk drive.
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The first J. Presper Founded The company was later renamed to emcc or eckert-mauchly computer
computer eckert and in 1949 corporation and released a series of mainframe computers under
company john mauchly the univac name.
Was electronic
controls
company