WEEK 5

TOPIC :WORLD MARKETS AND DESTINATION

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

•
To explain why people travel and what the needs, motives, and
aspirations of travelers are.
•
To know how to interpret a world map and be familiar with world
geography.
•
To be able to locate the countries and cities and describe the major
attractions.
•
To know the IATA Areas of the World and cite its importance in fligh
planning and pricing.
•
To know the airport/city codes of major cities around the world.

ITTM 211:
COURSE: INTRODUCTION TO TRAVEL AND
Academic facilitator: CHIM Academic
TOUR MANAGEMENT Community
MARKETS
A market is the prospective travel
consumer of the travel component or a
tour package, at the point of origin,
while the destination is the place to be
visited or to be experienced within a
geographical area of operation. An
integral part of understanding a travel
market and its segments is being aware
 MARKET VARIABLES
MARKET VARIABLES Specific Variable

Socio-economic and (age, gender, civil status)

Demographic
Product-related (length of stay, etc.)
variables
Psychographic (psychocentrics,
variables allocentrics, midcentrics);

Geographic variables (country of residence,

population density, etc.)
 DESTINATIONS
A destination
is a specific
area that a
traveler
decides to visit
for the day or
spend at least
one night in.
 CLASSIFICATION OF
DESTINATIONS
•
Natural attractions – attributes and sights that are
inherent of the place (cool climate, physical features,
etc.)
•
Cultural attractions – related to the history and way of
life of a place (museums, churches, burial places)
•
Recreational facilities – tourism infrastructure designed
for leisure purposes (golf clubs, scuba diving shops, etc.)
•
Religious gatherings or festivals – those who attract
pilgrims because of their religious/spiritual importance
(Mecca, Saudi Arabia, or Jerusalem, etc.)
Top Tourist Destinations in the World
Ra
nk Country
International
(Top Tourist Receipts
tourist
(2018)
arrivals
Rank
Earners
Country
Tourist
of the
Receipts
USD (2018)
in
M
1 France World)
89.4 million 1 United States 214.5 billion
2 Spain 82.8 million 2 Spain 73.8 billion
3 USA 79.6 million 3 France 67.3 billion
4 China 62.9 million 4 Thailand 63.0 billion
5 Italy 62.1 million 5 United Kingdom 51.9 billion
6 Turkey 45.8 million 6 Italy 49.3 billion
7 Mexico 41.4 million 7 Australia 45.0 billion
8 Germany 38.9 million 8 Germany 43.0 billion
9 Thailand 38.3 million 9 Japan 41.1 billion
10 UK 36.3 million 10 China (HK) 40.4 billion
WORLD
TOURISM
GEOGRAPHY
World Tourism Geography
• In order to facilitate the adjustment of
fares, International Air Transport
Association (IATA) has divided the world
into three (3) main AREAS: Area 1, Area
2, and Area 3. They are regularly used in
the interpretation of tariff rates and in
the calculation of international airfares.
Airlines sometimes refer to these areas
as TC1 (for area 1), TC2 (for area 2), and
TC3 (for area 3).
World Tourism Geography
World Tourism Geography
• Under each area, there are smaller “sub-areas” or “sub-
regions” which, in the IATA context, may have a different meaning
from what is generally implied by the geographical term.

• Sub-areas may in turn be sub-divided into

sub-regions or groups of countries. For
instance, Africa may be sub divided further into
Eastern Africa, Western Africa, Southern Africa,
etc. Moreover, Europe has subdivisions such as
Scandinavia, European Economic Monetary
Union and the ECAA (European Common
Aviation Area) member states.
Area 1
In general, TC1 is composed of the whole of the
Western Hemisphere. However, its composition
may vary depending on the rule being
interpreted.

The first classification according to sub-areas:

1. North America
Canada (CA), Mexico (MX), St. Pierre & Miquelon
(PM), United States of America including Puerto
Rico and US Virgin Islands (US)
2. Central America
Belize (BZ), Costa Rica (CR), El Salvador (SV),
Guatemala (GT), Honduras (HN), Nicaragua (NI)
3. Caribbean Sub-Area
Bahamas (BS), Bermuda (BM), Guyana (GY),
French Guyana (GF), Suriname (SR), Caribbean
Islands*
Area 1
Caribbean Islands include:
Anguilla (AI), Antigua and Barbuda (AG), Aruba (AW),
Barbados (BB), Cayman Islands (KY), Cuba (CU), Dominica
(DM), Dominican Republic (DO), Grenada (GD), Guadeloupe
(GP), Haiti (HT), Jamaica (JM), Martinique (MQ), Montserrat
(MS), Netherlands Antilles (AN), St. Kitts and Nevis (KN), St.
Lucia (LC), St. Vincent and Grenadines (VC), Trinidad and
Tobago (TT), Turks and Caicos (TC), British Virgin Islands (VG)

4. South America
Argentina (AR), Bolivia (BO), Brazil (BR), Chile (CL), Colombia
(CO) Ecuador (EC), French Guyana (GF)*, Guyana (GY)*,
Panama (PA), Paraguay (PY), Peru (PE), Suriname (SR)*,
Uruguay (UY), Venezuela (VE)
*For travel wholly within the South American area

TC1 may also be subdivided into Atlantic sub-areas namely:

North Atlantic (NATL) sub-area

Mid Atlantic (MATL) sub-area
South Atlantic (SATL) sub-area
Area 2
TC 2 Area include:
Albania (AL), Algeria (DZ), Andorra (AD), Armenia (AM), Austria
(AT), Azerbaijan (AZ), Belarus (BY), Belgium (BE), Bosnia (BA),
Bulgaria (BG), Croatia (HR), Cyprus (CY), Czech Republic (CZ),
Denmark (DK), Estonia (EE), Faroe Islands (FO), Finland (FI),
France (FR), Georgia (GE), Germany (DE), Gibraltar (GI),
Greece (GR), Hungary (HU), Iceland (IS), Ireland (IE), Italy (IT),
Latvia (LV), Liechtenstein (LI), Lithuania (LT), Luxembourg (LU),
Macedonia (MK), Malta (MT), Moldova (MD), Monaco (MC),
Morocco (MA), Netherlands (NL), Norway (NO), Poland (PL),
Portugal (PL), Romania (RO), Russia (RU), San Marino (SM),
Serbia (CS), Slovakia (SK), Slovenia (SI), Spain (ES), Sweden
(SE), Switzerland (CH), Tunisia (TN), Turkey (TR), Ukraine (UA),
United Kingdom (GB)

Sub-groups:
European Common Aviation Area (ECAA): 31 countries in bold above
European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU): Austria, Belgium,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,
Netherlands, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain, Cyprus and Malta - Scandinavia:
Denmark, Norway, Sweden
Area 2
Africa
Angola (AO), Benin (BJ), Botswana (BW), Burkina Faso (BF), Burundi
(BI), Cameroon (CM), Cape Verde (CV), Central African Republic (CF),
Chad (TD), Comoros (KM), Congo (Brazzaville (CG), Congo (Kinshasa)
(CD), Cote d’Ivoire (CI), Djibouti (DJ), Equatorial Guinea (GQ), Eritrea
(ER), Ethiopia (ET), Gabon (GA), Gambia (GM), Ghana (GH), Guinea
(GN), Guinea-Bissau (GW), Kenya (KE), Lesotho (LS), Liberia (LR),
Libya (LY), Madagascar (MG), Malawi (MW), Mali (ML), Mauritania
(MR), Mauritius (MU), Mayotte (YT), Mozambique (MZ), Namibia
(NA), Niger (NE), Nigeria (NG), Reunion (RE), Rwanda (RW), Sao Tome
and Principe (ST), Senegal (SN), Seychelles (SC), Sierra Leone (SL),
Somalia (SO), South Africa (SA), Swaziland (SZ), Tanzania (TZ), Togo
(TG), Uganda (UG), Zambia (ZM), Zimbabwe (ZW) 3. Middle East
Bahrain (BH), Egypt (EG)*, Iran (IR), Iraq (IQ),
Israel (IL), Jordan (JO), Kuwait (KW), Lebanon
Sub-groups: (LB), Oman (OM), Qatar (QA), Saudi Arabia (SA),
Sudan (SD)*, Syria (SY), United Arab Emirates
Central Africa: Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe (AE), Yemen (YE)
Eastern Africa: Burundi, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda,
Somalia, Tanzania, Uganda *Although geographically Egypt and Sudan are
situated on the African continent, they are
Southern Africa: Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique, South Africa, included in IATA’s version of the Middle East
Namibia, Swaziland - Libya area.
Indian Ocean Islands: Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mayotte, Area 3
Reunion, Seychelles
Western Africa: Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cape Verde,
Central African Republic, Chad, Congo (Brazzaville), Congo (Kinshasa),
Cote d’Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea,
Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Sao Tome
and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo
Area 3
TC3 is composed of the whole of Asia and the
neighboring islands (with the exception of the
past included in TC2), Australia, New Zealand,
and neighboring islands and also the Pacific
Islands (except those included in TC1).

1. Southeast Asia
Brunei Darussalam (BN), Cambodia (KH), China
(excluding Hong Kong and Macau) (CN), Chinese
Taipei (TW), Christmas Island (CX), Cocos Islands (CC),
Guam (GU), Hong Kong (HK), Indonesia (ID),
Kazakhstan (KZ), Kyrgyzstan (KG), Laos (LA),
Macau( MO), Malaysia (MY), Marshall Islands (MH),
Micronesia (FM), Mongolia (MN), Myanmar (BU),
Northern Mariana Islands (MP), Palau (PW),
Philippines (PH), Russia in Asia (XU), Singapore (SG),
Tajikistan (TJ), Thailand (TH), Timor Leste (TL),
Turkmenistan (TM), Uzbekistan (UZ), Vietnam (VN)
Area 3
Sub-regions:
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN): Brunei, Cambodia,
Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore,
Thailand, and Vietnam
Micronesia: (includes Caroline islands except Palau Islands Group),
Kwajalein, Majuro, Ponape, Rota, Saipan, Tinian, Truk, Yap

2. South Asian / Indian Sub-continent (SASC)

Afghanistan (AF), Bangladesh (BD), Bhutan (BT), India (IN), Nepal
(NP), Pakistan (PK), Sri Lanka (LK), Maldives (MV)

3. Japan/Korea (JAPKOR)
Japan (JP), North Korea (KP), South Korea (KR)

4. North/Central Pacific Area 3 other South Pacific

5. Southwest Pacific
American Samoa (AS), Australia (AU), Cook Islands (CK), Fiji (FJ),
French Polynesia (PF), Kiribati (KI), Nauru (NR), New Caledonia (NC),
New Zealand (NZ), Niule (NU), Norfolk Islands (NF), Papua New
Guinea (PG), Samoa (WS), Solomon Islands (SB), Tonga (TO), Tuvalu
(TV), Vanuatu (VU), Wallis and Futuna Islands (WF)