Background and History

of Tourism
Structure of Travel and
Tourism Sector

ANNA MARIE R NEPOMUCENO, CTP

 Background and History of Tourism

THERE’S A LOT OF PEOPLE ATTEMPTS IN THE PAST TO FORMULATE A STANDARD

DEFINITION OF TOURISM AND TOURIST AMONG COUNTRIES THROUGHOUT THE
WORLD.

 ONE OF THE FIRST ATTEMPTS TO DEFINE TOURISM WAS THAT A

PROFESSORS HUNZIKER AND KRAPFOF BERNE UNIVERSITY,
SWITZERLAND. THEY DEFINED TOURISM AS THE “ SUM OF THE
PHENOMENA AND RELATIONSHIPS ARISING FROM THE
TRAVEL AND STAY OF NON – RESIDENTS.
 THIS DEFINITION DISTINGUISHES TOURISM FROM MIGRATION, WHICH
INVOLVES TAKING UP PERMANENT RESIDENCE. SINCE IT NECESSARILY
INCLUDES BOTH TRAVEL AND STAY, IT EXCLUDES DAY TOURS.
THE DEFINITION OF THE TOURISM IN THE
SOCIETY OF BRITAIN WAS : “ TOURISM IS THE
TEMPORARY SHORT – TERM MOVEMENT OF
PEOPLE TO DESTINATIONS OUTSIDE THE
PLACES WHERE THEY NORMALLY LIVE AND
WORK AND THEIR ACTIVITIES DURING THEIR
STAY AT THESE DESTINATIONS. ”
 THIS DEFINITION WAS REFORMULATED BY THE TOURISM SOCIETY IN CARDIFF :
“TOURSIM MAY BE DEFINED IN TERMS OF
PARTICULAR ACTIVITIES SELECTED BY
CHOICE AND UNDERTAKEN OUTSIDE THE
HOME ENVIRONMENT. ”
 TOURISM DURING THE RENAISSANCE AND
ELIZABETH ERAS

 WITH THE RENAISSANCE, A FEW REOWNED

UNIVERSITIES DEVELOP. SO THAT TRAVEL FOR
EDUCATION WAS INTRODUCED LARGELY BY
THE BRITISH. TRAVEL FOR EDUCATION BECAME
POPULAR IN THE 16TH CENTURY. UNDER
ELIZABETH I, YOUNG MEN SEEKING POSITIONS
IN COURT WERE ENCOURAGED TO TRAVEL TO
WIDEN THEIR EDUCATION
19TH CENTURY

 IN THE 19TH CENTURY. TOURISM IS DERIVED

FROM HEBREW WORD “TORAH” WHICH
MEANS STUDYING, LEARNING, SEARCHING.
 INTRODUCTION OF RAILWAY – RAILROADS
CREATED NOT ONLY MORE BUSINESS BY
PROVIDING RELIABLE AND CHEAP
TRANSPORTATION.

 Structure of the Travel and Tourism
Sector
 One of the main industries in the world today is the TOURISM SECTOR. In 2001 the
World Travel and Tourism Council indicated that ten percent or 1 in 10 jobs are
created by travel and tourism sector worldwide.
 The tourism sector can be broken up into different sector because it is a huge
industry; These could be categorised as
 Transportation
 Accommodation
 Information and coordination
 Tour operations and wholesalers
 Government
 Attractions
 Meeting and events
 Travel Agents
 Structure of the Travel and Tourism
Sector

 Transportation is most essential factor of

tourism as it the means of reaching the
destinations for tourists. People use different
types of transport service in land, water and sky.
which include the following Airlines, Railways,
Taxis, Cruise liners etc.
TRANSPORT SERVICE AND TERMINALS IN
LAND
 Public Transport (also known as public
transportation, public transit, or mass transit) is a
system of transport for passengers by group travel
systems available for use by the general public,
typically managed on a schedule, operated on
established routes, and that charge a posted fee
for each trip
RAIL TRANSIT/TRANSPORT

 Rail transport or train transport is a means of

transferring passengers and goods on wheeled
vehicles running on rails, which are located on
tracks. In contrast to road transport, where
vehicles run on a prepared flat surface, rail
vehicles (rolling stock) are directionally guided by
the tracks on which they run.
 A BUS is a road vehicle designed to carry
many passengers.
 TAXISCAB also known as a taxi or a cab, is a type
of vehicle for hire with a driver, used by a single
passenger or small group of passengers, often for
a non-shared ride. A taxicab conveys passengers
between locations of their choice. This differs
from other modes of public transport where the
pick-up and drop-off locations are decided by the
service provider, not by the passenger.
RENT A CAR

 A car rental, hire car, or car hire agency is a

company that rents automobiles for short periods
of time, generally ranging from a few hours to a
few weeks. It is often organised with numerous
local branches (which allow a user to return a
vehicle to a different location), and primarily
located near airports or busy city areas and often
complemented by a website allowing online
reservations.
 WATER TERMINAS AND TRANSPORT
SERVICE
CRUISELINES
 A cruise line is a company that operates cruise ships and
markets cruises to the public.
 Cruise lines are distinct from passenger lines which are
primarily concerned with transportation of their
passengers.
 Cruise lines have a dual character; they are partly in the
transportation business, and partly in the leisure
entertainment business
 KNOWN CRUISESHIPS
 #1. Celebrity Cruises. #1 in Best Cruise Lines for the Money.
 #2. Royal Caribbean International. #2 in Best Cruise Lines for the
Money. ...
 #3. Norwegian Cruise Line. #3 in Best Cruise Lines for the Money.
 #4. Carnival Cruise Line. ...
 #5. Princess Cruises. ...
 #6. Holland America Line. ...
 #7. MSC Cruises. ...
 #8. Costa Cruises.
 AIR TRANSPORT SERVICES

 An airport terminal is a building at

an airport where passengers transfer between
ground transportation and the facilities that allow
them to board and disembark from an aircraft.
 An airline is a company that provides air transport
services for traveling passengers and freight.
Airlines utilize aircraft to supply services.
 EXAMPLES OF AIRLINES
1 Etihad Airways.  5 Emirates Airline.
 2 Lufthansa  6 Qatar Airways.
Airlines.  7 British Airways.
 3 Singapore  8 Korean Air
Airlines.
 4 Cathay Pacific
Airways.
 EXAMPLES OF AIRLINES

 AirNew Zealand.  British Airways.

 Alaska Airlines.  Cathay Pacific
 All Nippon Airways.
Airways.  Emirates
 American Airlines.  Philippine Airline
 Austrian Airlines.
 Accommodation

Accommodation
 Another important aspect of the travel and tourism sector
is the accommodation. Tourists travelling away from home
need a place where they can stay and this consist of
different organisations which provide accommodation with
some extra services like food & beverages and
entertainment services to the visitors. Hotels, resorts,
camping grounds are some examples of accommodations
provided by the organisations.
1. Paradores – are old
convents, monasteries,
castles, or fortresses
converted into hotel by the
government and operated
by a national tourism
offices.
Pensions Houses – are private or
family operated tourist
accommodations similar to
boarding houses or guest houses.
They offer food and lodging to
tourists and are well known for
their informal family
atmosphere.
 MOTEL

Refers to a lodging
establishment that caters to
travellers with automobiles and
provides self service parking
premises.
Hotel

 an establishment
providing
accommodations, meals,
and other services for
travelers and tourists
 Information and Coordination

 When tourists visit a new place they

require some information about that place
and in the tourism industry there are many
subsectors where the tourists can get
important support services like: Tourists
information centres, travel guide
publications, tourism authorities, tour
guides.
 Information and Coordination

A visitor center or centre (see

American and British English spelling
differences), visitor information
center, tourist information center, is a
physical location that provides tourist
information to visitors.
 A visitor center may be:
 A visitor center at a specific attraction or place of
interest, such as a landmark, national park,
national forest, or state park, providing
information (such as trail maps, and about camp
sites, staff contact, restrooms, etc.) and in-depth
educational exhibits and artifact displays (for
example, about natural or cultural history). Often
a film or other media display is used. If the site
has permit requirements or guided tours, the
visitor center is often the place where these are
coordinated.
 A visitor center may be:
A tourist information center, providing visitors to a
location with information on the area's attractions,
lodgings, maps, and other items relevant to
tourism. Often, these centers are operated at the
airport or other port of entry, by the local
government or chamber of commerce. Often a
visitor center is called simply an information
center.
A corporate visitor center, provides visitors with an
easily accessible window into the corporation.
 A visitor center may be:
Visitor centers used to provide fairly basic
information about the place, corporation or event
they are celebrating, acting more as the entry way
to a place. The role of the visitor center has been
rapidly evolving over the past 10 years to become
more of an experience and to tell the story of the
place or brand it represents. Many have become
destinations and experiences in their own right.