TRAVEL,MEDIA

AND
TOURISM
BY

THENMOZHI.C.T

RAMYAPRABHA.M

SRI KRISHNA ARTS AND SCIENCE

COLLEGE

COIMBATORE
Travel
Travel is the movement of people between relatively distant geographical locations, and can
involve travel by foot, bicycle, automobile, train, boat, bus, airplane, or other means, with or
without luggage, and can be one way or round trip. Travel can also include relatively short stays
between successive movements.

Etymology

The origin of the word "travel" is most likely lost to history. The term "travel" may originate
from the Old French word travail, which means 'work'.According to the Merriam Webster
dictionary, the first known use of the word travel was in the 14th century. It also states that the
word comes from Middle English travailen, travelen and earlier from Old French travailler . In
English we still occasionally use the words "travail", which means struggle. According to Simon
Winchester in his book The Best Travelers' Tales (2004), the words "travel" and "travail" both
share an even more ancient root: a Roman instrument of torture called the tripalium . This link
may reflect the extreme difficulty of travel in ancient times. Today, travel may or may not be
much easier depending upon the destination you choose how you plan to get there and whether
you decide to "rough it”. "There's a big difference between simply being a tourist and being a
true world traveler", notes travel writer Michael Kasum. This is, however, a contested distinction
as academic work on the cultures and sociology of travel has noted.

History of travel

While early travel tended to be slower, more dangerous, and more dominated by trade and
migration, cultural and technological advances over many years have tended to mean that travel
has become easier and more accessible. The evolution of technology in such diverse fields
as horse tack and bullet trains has contributed to this trend.While travel in the Middle
Ages offered hardships and challenges, it was important to the economy and to society.
The wholesale sector depended (for example) on merchantsdealing with/through caravan or sea-
voyagers, end-user retailing often demanded the services of many itinerant peddlers wandering
from village to hamlet, gyrovagues and wandering friars brought theology and pastoral
support to neglected areas, travelling minstrels practised the never-ending tour, and armies
ranged far and wide in various crusades and in sundry other wars.Pilgrimages involved streams
of travellers both locally and internationally.Travel by water often provided more comfort and
speed than land-travel, at least until the advent of a network of railways in the 19th
century. Airships and airplanes took over much of the role of long-distance surface travel in the
20th century.

Purpose and motivation

Reasons for traveling include recreation, tourism or vacationing, research travel the gathering of
information, visiting people, volunteer travel for charity, migration to begin life somewhere else,
religious pilgrimages and mission trips, business travel, trade, commuting, and other reasons,
such as to obtain health care or waging or fleeing war or for the enjoyment of traveling.
Travellers may use human-powered transport such as walking or bicycling; or vehicles, such
as public transport, automobiles, trains and airplanes. Motives for travel include: Pleasure,
relaxation ,discovery and exploration, getting to know other cultures and taking personal time for
building interpersonal relationships.

Travel safety
Authorities emphasize the importance of taking precautions to ensure travel safety. When
traveling abroad, the odds favor a safe and incident-free trip, however, travelers can be subject to
difficulties, crime and violence. Some safety considerations include being aware of one's
surroundings, avoiding being the target of a crime, leaving copies of
one's passport and itinerary information with trusted people, obtaining medical insurance valid in
the country being visited and registering with one's national embassy when arriving in a foreign
country. Many countries do not recognize drivers' licenses from other countries; however most
countries accept international driving permits. Automobile insurance policies issued in one's own
country are often invalid in foreign countries, and it is often a requirement to obtain temporary
auto insurance valid in the country being visited. It is also advisable to become oriented with
driving-rules and -regulations of destination countries. Wearing a seat belt is highly advisable for
safety reasons; many countries have penalties for violating seatbelt laws. There are three main
statistics which may be used to compare the safety of various forms of travel (based on survey in
October 2000):

Deaths per billion

Mode
Journey
Hours Kilometers
s

Bus 4.3 11.1 0.4

Rail 20 30 0.6

Air 117 30.8 0.05

Ship 90 50 2.6

Van 20 60 1.2

Car 40 130 3.1

Walking 40 220 54

Bicycle 170 550 45

109
Motorcycle 1640 4840

Tourism
Tourism is travel for pleasure or business; also the theory and practice of touring, the business
of attracting, accommodating, and entertaining tourists, and the business of operating
tours.Tourism may be international, or within the traveller's country. The World Tourism
Organization defines tourism more generally, in terms which go "beyond the common perception
of tourism as being limited to holiday activity only", as people "traveling to and staying in places
outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and
other purposes".Tourism can be domestic or international, and international tourism has both
incoming and outgoing implications on a country's balance of payments. Today, tourism is a
major source of income for many countries, and affects the economy of both the source and host
countries, in some cases being of vital importance.Tourism suffered as a result of a strong
economic slowdown of the late-2000s recession, between the second half of 2008 and the end of
2009, and the outbreak of the H1N1 influenza virus,but slowly recovered. International tourism
receipts grew to US$1.03 trillion in 2011, corresponding to an increase in real terms of 3.8%
from 2010. International tourist arrivals surpassed the milestone of 1 billion tourists globally for
the first time in 2012,emerging markets such as China, Russia and Brazil had significantly
increased their spending over the previous decade.The ITB Berlin is the world's leading
tourism trade fair.

History

Antiquity

Travel outside a person's local area for leisure was largely confined to wealthy classes, who at
times travelled to distant parts of the world, to see great buildings and works of art, learn new
languages, experience new cultures, and to taste different cuisines. As early as Shulgi, however,
kings praised themselves for protecting roads and building waystations for travelers.
Middle Ages

By the Middle Ages, Christianity, Buddhism, and Islam all had traditions of pilgrimage that

motivated even the lower classes to undertake distant journeys for health or spiritual
improvement, seeing the sights along the way. The Islamic hajj is still central to its faith
and Chaucer's Canterbury Tales and Wu Cheng'en's Journey to the West remain classics
of English and Chinese literature.The 10th- to 13th-century Song dynasty also saw secular travel
writers such as Su Shi  and Fan Chengda  become popular in China. Under the Ming, Xu
Xiake continued the practice.

Grand Tour

Modern tourism can be traced to what was known as the Grand Tour, which was a traditional trip
around Europe , undertaken by mainly upper-class European young men of means, mainly from
Western and Northern European countries. In 1624, young Prince of Poland, Ladislaus
Sigismund Vasa, the eldest son and heir of Sigismund III, embarked for a journey across Europe,
as was in custom among Polish nobility.He travelled through territories of today's Germany,
Belgium, Netherlands, where he admired the Siege of Breda by Spanish forces, France,
Switzerland to Italy, Austria and Czechia.It was an educational journey and one of the outcomes
was introduction of Italian opera in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Though primarily
associated with the British nobility and wealthy landed gentry, similar trips were made by
wealthy young men of Protestant Northern European nations on the Continent, and from the
second half of the 18th century some South American, US, and other overseas youth joined in.

Growth
The World Tourism Organization  forecasts that international tourism will continue growing at
the average annual rate of 4%.With the advent of e-commerce, tourism products have become
one of the most traded items on the internet.Tourism products and services have been made
available through intermediaries, although tourism providers including small-scale operators, can
sell their services directly.This has put pressure on intermediaries from both on-line and
traditional shops.It has been suggested there is a strong correlation between tourism expenditure
per capita and the degree to which countries play in the global context. Not only as a result of the
important economic contribution of the tourism industry, but also as an indicator of the degree of
confidence with which global citizens leverage the resources of the globe for the benefit of
their local economies. This is why any projections of growth in tourism may serve as an
indication of the relative influence that each country will exercise in the future.

Etymology

The word tourist was used in 1772 and tourism in 1811. It is formed from the word tour, which is
derived from Old English turian, from Old French torner, from Latin tornare; 'to turn on a lathe,'
which is itself from Ancient Greek tornos ; 'lathe'

Significance of tourism

Tourism is an important, even vital, source of income for many regions and countries. Its
importance was recognized in the Manila Declaration on World Tourism of 1980 as "an activity
essential to the life of nations because of its direct effects on the social, cultural, educational, and
economic sectors of national societies and on their international relations."Tourism brings in
large amounts of income into a local economy in the form of payment for goods and
services needed by tourists, accounting for 30% of the world's trade of services, and 6% of
overall exports of goods and services.It also creates opportunities for employment in the service
sector of the economy associated with tourism.

Media (communication)

Media is the collective communication outlets or tools that are used to store and

deliver information or data. It is either associated with communication media, or the
specialized mass media communication businesses such as print media and the
press, photography, advertising, cinema, broadcasting  and publishing.

Evolution

The word media is defined as "one of the means or channels of general communication in

society, as newspapers, radio, television etc."The beginning of human communication through
designed channels, i.e. not vocalization or gestures, dates back to ancient cave paintings,
drawn maps, and writing. It has the first real mail or postal system, which is said to have been
developed by the Persian emperor Cyrus the Great after his conquest of Media. The role of the
system as an intelligence gathering apparatus is well documented, and the service was
called angariae, a term that in time turned to indicate a tax system. The word communication is
derived from the Latin root communicare. This was due to the Roman Empire also devising what
might be described as a mail or postal system, in order to centralize control of the empire
from Rome. This allowed for personal letters and for Rome to gather knowledge about events in
its many widespread provinces. More advanced postal systems later appeared in the
Islamic Caliphate and the Mongol Empire during the Middle Ages.The term media in its modern
application relating to communication channels is traced back to its first use as such by Canadian
communications theorist Marshall McLuhan, who stated in Counterblast (1954)”
Electronic media

Electronic media usage is growing, although concern has arisen that it distracts youth from face-
to-face contact with friends and family. Research on the social engagement effect is mixed. One
study by Wellman finding that "33% of Internet users said that the Internet had improved their
connections to friends 'a lot', and 23% said it had increased the quality of their communication
with family members by a similar amount. Young people in particular took advantage of the
social side of the Internet. Nearly half (49%) of the 18- to 29-year-olds said that the Internet had
improved their connections to friends a lot. On the other hand, 19% of employed Internet users
said that the Internet had increased the amount of time they spent working in home".Electronic
media now comes in the forms tablets, laptops, desktops, cell phones, mp3 players, DVDs, game
systems, radios, and television. Technology has spiked to record highs within the last decade,
thus changing the dynamic of communication. The meaning of electronic media, as it is known
in various spheres, has changed with the passage of time. The term media has achieved a broader
meaning nowadays as compared to that given it a decade ago. Earlier, there was multimedia,
once only a piece of software used to play audio and video. In modern terms, the media includes
all the software which are used in PC or Laptop or Mobile Phone installed for normal or better
performance of the system; today, however, hard discs of computer is an example of electronic
media. This type of hard disc is becoming increasingly smaller in size. The latest inclusion in the
field is magnetic media whose application is common, in the fastest growing Information
Technology field. Modern day, IT media is commonly used in the banking sector and by the
Income Tax Department for the purpose of providing the easiest and fastest possible services to
the consumers. In this magnetic strip, account information linking to all the data relating to a
particular consumer is stored. The main features of these types of media are prepared unrecorded
, and data is normally stored at a later stage as per the requirement of its user or consumer.
Social impacts

Media technology has made viewing increasingly easier as time has passed throughout history
children. Today, are encouraged to use media tools in school and are expected to have a general
understanding of the various technologies available. The internet is arguably one of the most
effective tools in media for communication tools such as e-mail, Skype, Facebook etc., have
brought people closer together and created new online communities. However, some may argue
that certain types of media can hinder face-to-face communication and therefore can result in
complications like identity fraud.In a large consumer-driven society, electronic media and print
media are important for distributing advertisement media. In addition to this "advertising" role,
media is nowadays a tool to share knowledge all around the world. Internet is a sustainable
solution to overcome the "gap" between developed and developing countries as both will get a
chance to learn from each other.Therefore, internet is way to re-establish balance, by for instance
enhance publication of newspaper, academic journal from developing countries.Media, through
media and communications psychology, has helped to connect diverse people from far and near
geographical location. It has also helped in the aspect of on-line or internet businesses and other
activities that have an on-line version. All media intended to affect human behavior is initiated
through communication and the intended behavior is couched in psychology. Therefore,
understanding media and communications psychology is fundamental in understanding the social
and individual effects of media.Timing change based on innovation and efficiency may not have
a direct is correlation with technology. The information revolution is based on modern
advancements.
THANK
YOU