Fundamentals of Travel and

Tours
Travel and Tours industry

The travel and tours industry is concerned with providing

services related to travel from one location to another.
This includes services that are directly related to the travel
itself, such as transportation, but also includes services
related to catering for travelers' needs and wants after
they have arrived at their destination.
Nature of Travel and Tours

 Travel refers to a movement from one place to another. This can

refer to short and long-distance travel, domestic and
international travel, and other various forms.
 The travel industry, therefore, refers to the several aspects of the
service industry which cater to the needs and wants of the people
who traveled and will travel from different parts of the world.
 The travel industry is also called the tourism network.
Sectors of the Travel Industry

Transportation
 The main purpose of this sector is to make it possible for people to go from one
place to another.
 This includes a wide variety of different types of travel including:
 air,
 land,
 water
 railway modes.
Moreover, the act of getting to the chosen destination is crucial, the cost of
transportation must also be considered
Transportation

Airline Industry
The airline industry is a popular choice among travelers who
want to arrive at destinations quickly.
The airline industry offers a variety of air travel options,
including commercial and chartered flights. These flights
can be domestic or international, and they can cover relatively
short distances as well as trips across the side of the world.
Airlines typically serve specific regions and airports.
 Types of Airlines
1. International Airlines
International airlines are a group of the largest, most high-profile and most successful airlines. They make
billions in revenue each year and operate large passenger jets. These airlines also tend to focus their
efforts on offering global services, carrying passengers and cargo over large distances.
Ex: PR, LH, CX, SQ
2. National Airlines
National airlines represent the next step down from the largest international airlines. They will typically
offer both medium-sized and large-sized jets and will often focus on offering services to areas within
their home country, but many will offer access to international destinations too.
Ex; 5J, Z2, DJ
3. Regional Airlines
Finally, as the name suggests, regional airlines are the smallest of the three main types and focus on
offering services within specific regions. In many cases, they provide passenger services to parts of the
world with lower levels of demand and where services are not offered by either national or international
airlines.
Ex: M8, T6, AO
Transportation

Car Rental
Car rental plays a key role in the travel industry, dealing with the provision of temporary access to
cars and other similar vehicles. For travelers, the main benefit of this is the freedom that is
provided via access to a car, as it means the process of getting around is not reliant on scheduled
public transport services.

Water Transport
Water transport refers to any transport that moves people across the water, including rivers,
lakes, canals and oceans. Examples of some of the forms of transport that are included within
this category are ocean liners and ferries. Cruises are also included in this, as cruises have a set
path and travel is a fundamental part of the experience.
Transportation

Coach Services
In many cases, travelers choose to travel to their destination by coach and busses, which is often
less expensive than the main alternatives. Coaches can also be used for day trips. They cater not
only for intercity lines or long-distance travel but also as charter vehicles for excursions,
corporative trips, or round trip transfer.

Railway
Railways are one of the main ways that people travel domestically, while many rail services also
facilitate long-distance international travel too. Moreover, underground or subway-style train
services tend to provide a convenient way for travelers to get around large cities once they have
arrived.
Transportation

 TNVS and Taxi

Transport network vehicle service (TNVS) based on technology and apps is great. It is open
and transparent between passengers and service providers. Passengers are aware of the
fare before they book and confirm a ride. After they confirm the ride, they will know the
vehicle's plate number, driver's name, and other details. The drivers know the names of their
passengers, their cell phone numbers, where they are waiting.

A taxi, also known as a taxicab or simply a cab, is a type of vehicle for hire with a driver, used
by a single passenger or small group of passengers, often for a non-shared ride. A taxicab
conveys passengers between locations of their choice. This differs from public transport
where the pick-up and drop-off locations are decided by the service provider, not by the
customers
Transportation

Spacecraft
One of the emerging sub-sections of the transport category of the travel industry relates to
spacecraft and commercial space flight. Virgin Galactic is the most well-known example here,
with the company aiming to provide space tourism services in the near future, allowing
customers to travel to outer space.
Accommodation

Another vital sector within the travel industry is the accommodation sector. After all, most
long-distance travelers will require somewhere to stay overnight. With that being said,
people’s accommodation requirements can vary quite significantly, depending on the length of
their stay, the purpose of their journey, the budget they are operating on, the experience
they wish to gain, and their own personal preferences.
Examples of Accommodation

Hotels
The hotel industry and the travel industry are closely linked, with hotels being the most
popular form of accommodation for those travelling to a different location and staying
overnight. Hotels are establishments that provide access to beds within private rooms.
Shared Accommodations
Due to the popularity of sites like Airbnb, shared lodging has become an option for travelers
more and more often. These sites provide access to homestay options for visitors. This could
entail having access to a private room in a rented home or a room that is shared with other
visitors.
Examples of Accommodation

Hostel
A hostel is a form of low-cost, short-term shared sociable lodging where guests can rent a bed,
usually a bunk bed in a dormitory, with shared use of a lounge and sometimes a kitchen.
Rooms can be mixed or single-sex and have private or shared bathrooms.
Camping
Considered a form of outdoor accommodation, camping involves staying overnight in basic
shelters, such as a tent. Travelers may opt to spend their time in a commercial campsite, which
will usually provide additional amenities, or they may instead camp in publicly accessible
conservation areas, such as national parks.
Examples of Accommodation

Cruises
Aside from being classed as a form of transportation, cruises are also a type of accommodation
in of themselves. After all, guests on cruises will spend the majority of their time on the cruise
ship and will usually be allocated a cabin aboard the ship, where they can relax and sleep.
Food and Beverages

Restaurants
For most people, restaurants are the most immediately obvious category within the food and
beverages sector. Restaurants exist to allow people to enjoy meals that are prepared for them.
There are a wide range of restaurant types, from fast-food chains, through to luxury or family
restaurants, all catering for different needs and tastes.

Catering
Catering refers to a service that delivers food to a client's location, and may also cook and
serve it on site. Options range from full-service caterers that cook, deliver, set up and serve at
an event to mobile or industrial caterers.
Food and Beverages

Nightclubs
A nightclub is an entertainment venue, which operates until late at night and places an
emphasis on both music and alcohol consumption. Common features include a bar, a stage
for live performances, and a dance floor. Nightclubs may put on a variety of different themed
club nights or may cater to specific music genres.

Bars & Cafés

For travelers, bars and cafés provide a means to enjoy food and drink on a more casual basis
than with restaurants and nightclubs. Cafés tend to focus on hot drinks and light snacks, while
bars will generally focus on alcoholic beverages and soft drinks. These premises also offer a
way for travellers to meet new people.
Entertainment

The entertainment sector plays an interesting and complex role in the travel industry. After all,
entertainment sites can sometimes be the single biggest factor attracting travelers to a
particular part of the world. On the other hand, businesses in this category can also play a
smaller, more supplementary role, helping to keep travelers entertained during their trip,
even if entertainment was not the intended purpose of their trip.
Entertainment

Casino
Casinos are establishments which provide gambling activities, with examples including card
games, dice games and a variety of other luck or skill-based games. In many cases, casinos
also offer additional entertainment and they are sometimes connected to hotels or resorts,
especially in locations like Pasay and Manila.

Shopping
Shopping is another crucial part of the travel industry, catering to both basic needs and
travelers' desires for luxury items or consumer products. Within this category are
supermarkets, shopping centers and local markets, while duty-free goods are sold at airports
and in certain other locations.
Connected Industries

These are industries that are linked to the travel and tourism industry. They help boost interest
in the travel industry itself. These includes companies and businesses that assist to connect
travelers with travel and tourism products and local agencies that provide practical support and
assistance for tourists and travelers.
Connected Industries

Foreign Exchange
The foreign exchange market is a place where foreign moneys are brought and sold.
Tourism Organizations
Tourism organizations are organizations that are actively involved in promoting the tourism
industry and its interests. It includes organizations that either regulate or influence national and
local tourism policies, with examples including tourist boards, tourism-related charities, and
tourism inspection agencies.
Connected Industries

Travel Agents, Tour Operators, and Online Travel Agencies

Responsible for producing and promoting tourism products and services.
Educational
One of the fastest-growing components of the travel industry. An increasing number of people
travel to business conferences, exhibitions, training sessions or academic institutions, and
businesses in this sub-section provide these services and cater to travelers' needs along the
way.
Types of Tour

Independent Tour
Travelers almost always design their own itineraries and arrange their own travel plans;
sometimes they ask for a consultation with a travel specialist with regards to their travel plans.
Escorted Tour
A tour in which tourists are accompanied by a tour director or tour manager who arranges
everything and take charges of the entire tour from the beginning until its completion. Tourists
who avail of this kind of tour are not familiar with the destination they are visiting.
Example: Slum Tourism
Types of Tour

Hosted Tour
Is a tour where tourists are accompanied by a tour guide once the tourists arrive at the
destination region.
Incentive Tour
A reward given to employees for their excellent performance in achieving the company’s or
organization goals.