Quadratic Equation - Sheet - Update

EMERGE
(JEE MAIN & ADVANCED)
Logarithm
Quadratic Equation
[SHEET]
[SHEET]
Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Quadratic Equation
KEY CONCEPTS (QUADRATIC EQUATIONS)
The general form of a quadratic equation in x is , ax2 + bx + c = 0 , where a , b , c  R & a  0.
RESULTS:
b b 2 4ac
1. The solution of the quadratic equation , ax² + bx + c = 0 is given by x =
2a
The expression b2 – 4ac = D is called the discriminant of the quadratic equation.
2. If  &  are the roots of the quadratic equation ax² + bx + c = 0, then;
(i) +  = – b/a (ii)  = c/a (iii) –  = D /a .
3. NATURE OF ROOTS:
(A) Consider the quadratic equation ax² + bx + c = 0 where a, b, c  R & a  0 then ;
(i) D > 0  roots are real & distinct (unequal).
(ii) D = 0  roots are real & coincident (equal).
(iii) D < 0  roots are imaginary .
(iv) If p + i q is one root of a quadratic equation, then the other must be the
conjugate p  i q & vice versa. (p , q  R & i = 1 ).
(B) Consider the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 where a, b, c  Q & a  0 then;
(i) If D > 0 & is a perfect square , then roots are rational & unequal.
(ii) If  = p + q is one root in this case, (where p is rational & q is a surd)
then the other root must be the conjugate of it i.e.  = p  q & vice versa.
4. A quadratic equation whose roots are  &  is (x  )(x  ) = 0 i.e.
x2  (+ ) x +  = 0 i.e. x2  (sum of roots) x + product of roots = 0.
5. Remember that a quadratic equation cannot have three different roots & if it has, it becomes an identity.
6. Consider the quadratic expression , y = ax² + bx + c , a  0 & a , b , c  R then ;
(i) The graph between x , y is always a parabola . If a > 0 then the shape of the
parabola is concave upwards & if a < 0 then the shape of the parabola is concave downwards.
(ii)  x  R , y > 0 only if a > 0 & b²  4ac < 0 (figure 3) .
(iii)  x  R , y < 0 only if a < 0 & b²  4ac < 0 (figure 6) .
Carefully go through the 6 different shapes of the parabola given below.
Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3
y y y
a>0
a>0 a>0 D<0
D>0 D=0
x1 O x2 x O x O x
Roots are real & distinct Roots are coincident Roots are complex conjugate
Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6

y
y y
O x O x
a<0
D>0 a<0
x1 x2 a<0
D=0 D<0
O x
Roots are real & distinct Roots are coincident Roots are complex conjugate
Get 10% Instant Discount On Unacademy Plus [Use Referral Code: MCSIR] 2
7. SOLUTION OF QUADRATIC INEQUALITIES:
ax2 + bx + c > 0 (a  0).
(i) If D > 0, then the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 has two different roots x1 < x2.
Then a > 0  x  (, x1)  (x2, )
a < 0  x  (x1, x2)
(ii) If D = 0, then roots are equal, i.e. x1 = x2.
In that case a > 0  x  (, x1)  (x1, )
a < 0  x 
P (x ) <
(iii) Inequalities of the form 0 can be quickly solved using the method of intervals.
Q (x ) >
8. MAXIMUM & MINIMUM VALUE of y = ax² + bx + c occurs at x =  (b/2a) according as ;

 4 ac  b 2   4 ac  b 2 
a < 0 or a > 0 . y   ,  if a > 0 & y     ,  if a < 0 .
 4a   4a 
9. COMMON ROOTS OF 2 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS [ONLY ONE COMMON ROOT] :

Let  be the common root of ax² + bx + c = 0 & ax2 + bx + c = 0 . Therefore
a ² + b+ c = 0 ; a² + b + c = 0. By Cramer’s Rule 2  1

 
bc  bc a c  ac ab  a b
ca ca bcbc
Therefore,  =  .
aba b a cac
So the condition for a common root is (ca  ca)² = (ab ab)(bc bc).
10. The condition that a quadratic function f(x , y) = ax²+ 2 hxy + by² + 2gx + 2 fy + c may be resolved
into two linear factors is that ;
a h g
abc + 2 fgh  af2  bg2  ch2 =0 OR h b f = 0.
g f c
11. THEORY OF EQUATIONS :
If 1, 2, 3, ......n are the roots of the equation;
f(x) = a0xn + a1xn-1 + a2xn-2 + .... + an-1x + an = 0 where a0, a1, .... an are all real & a0  0 then,
a1 a a a
 1 =  ,  1 2 = + 2 , 1 2 3 =  3 , ....., 1 2 3 ........n = (1)n n
a0 a 0 a0 a0
Note : (i) If  is a root of the equation f(x) = 0, then the polynomial f(x) is exactly divisible by (x ) or
(x ) is a factor of f(x) and conversely .
(ii) Every equation of nth degree (n 1) has exactly n roots & if the equation has more than n roots,
it is an identity.
(iii) If the coefficients of the equation f(x) = 0 are all real and  + i is its root, then   i is also
a root. i.e. imaginary roots occur in conjugate pairs.
(iv) If the coefficients in the equation are all rational &  +  is one of its roots, then   is also
a root where ,   Q &  is not a perfect square.
(v) If there be any two real numbers 'a' & 'b' such that f(a) & f(b) are of opposite signs, then
f(x) = 0 must have atleast one real root between 'a' and 'b' .
(vi) Every equation f(x) = 0 of degree odd has atleast one real root of a sign opposite to that of its
last term.
12. LOCATION OF ROOTS:
Let f (x) = ax2 + bx + c, where a > 0 & a, b, c  R.
(i) Conditions for both the roots of f (x) = 0 to be greater than a specified number ‘d’ are
b2  4ac  0; f (d) > 0 & ( b/2a) > d.
(ii) Conditions for both roots of f (x) = 0 to lie on either side of the number ‘d’ (in other words
the number ‘d’ lies between the roots of f (x) = 0) is f (d) < 0.
(iii) Conditions for exactly one root of f (x) = 0 to lie in the interval (d , e) i.e. d < x < e are
b2  4ac > 0 & f (d) . f (e) < 0.
(iv) Conditions that both roots of f (x) = 0 to be confined between the numbers p & q are
(p < q). b2  4ac  0; f (p) > 0; f (q) > 0 & p < ( b/2a) < q.
13. LOGARITHMIC INEQUALITIES

(i) For a > 1 the inequality 0 < x < y & loga x < loga y are equivalent.
(ii) For 0 < a < 1 the inequality 0 < x < y & loga x > loga y are equivalent.
(iii) If a > 1 then loga x < p  0 < x < ap
(iv) If a > 1 then logax > p  x > ap
(v) If 0 < a < 1 then loga x < p  x > ap
(vi) If 0 < a < 1 then logax > p  0 < x < ap
SOLVED EXAMPLES
1. Solve the following equations :

2x2 – (3 + 7i)x + (9i – 3) = 0
Sol. We have 2x2 – (3 + 7i)x + (9i – 3) = 0.
Here a = 2, b = –(3 + 7i), c = 9i – 3
b  b 2  4ac 3  7i  [(3  7i)]2  4(2)(9i  3) 3  7i  9  49i 2  42i  72i  24

 x  
2a 2 2 4
3  7i  16  30i
or x
4
Let square root of –16 – 30i be a + ib.
 (a + ib)2 = – 16 – 30i
 (a2 – b2) + (2ab)i = – 16 – 30i  a2 – b2 = –16 and 2ab = –30.
Now, (a2 + b2)2 = (a2 – b2)2 + (2ab)2.
 (a2 + b2)2 = (– 16)2 + (30)2 = 1156
 a2 + b2 = 34 ( a2 + b2  0)
Also, a2 – b2 = –16
Adding, we get 2a2 = 18, a2 = 9, a =  3
30
a=3 b  5  a + ib = 3 – 5i
2(3)
30
a = –3  b  5  a + ib = –(3 – 5i)
2( 3)
 a + ib =  (3 – 5i)
 Square root of –16 – 30i =  (3 + 5i)
3  7i  (3  5i) 5  7i  3  5i 3  7i  3  5i 3  i
 (1) implies x   ,  ,3i
4 4 4 2
2. Solve the equation :
3x 2  2x  3 3  0
Sol. We have 3x 2  2x  3 3  0
Here a  3, b   2,c  3 3
 b  b 2  4ac 2  ( 2)2  4( 3)(3 3) 2  2  36 2  34 2  34i

 x    
2a 2( 3) 2 3 2 3 2 3
3. Solve the equation : 4x2 – 16ix – 15 = 0

Sol. We have 4x2 – 16ix – 15 = 0.
We write –16i = (–6i) + (–10i), because (–6i) (–10i) = 60i2 = – 60 = (4) (–15)
 (1)  4x2 + (–6i – 10i)x – 15 = 0  4x2 – 6ix – 10ix + 15i2 = 0
 2x(2x – 3i) – 5i (2x – 3i) = 0  (2x – 3i)(2x – 5i) = 0
 2x – 3i = 0 or 2x – 5i = 0
 x = 3i/2 or x = 5i/2
 The roots are 3i/2 and 5i/2.
4. Solve the equation x(x + 1)2 (x + 2) = 72.

Sol. We have x(x + 1)2 (x + 2) = 72.
 (x + 0) (x + 1) (x + 1) (x + 2) = 72 .....(i)
(1)  [(x + 0) (x + 2)] [(x + 1) (x + 1)] = 72 ( 0 + 2 = 1 + 1)
 2 2
(x + 2x) (x + 2x + 1) = 72 .....(ii)
2
Let y = x + 2x  (2)  y(y + 1) = 72  y + y – 72 = 0
2
1  1  288 1  17
 y   8, 9
2 2
 Either y = 8
 x2 + 2x = 8  x2 + 2x – 8 = 0
2  4  32 2  6
 x   2, 4
2 2
or y = –9
 x2 + 2x = –9  x2 + 2x + 9 = 0
2  4  36 2  4 2i
 x=   1  2 2i
2 2
3(x  2)
5. Solve the following inequalities : 15  0
5
3(x  2)
We have 15  0
5
 3(x  2) 
 5 (–15) < 5  0  –75 < 3x – 6  0
 5 
 –75 + 6 < (3x – 6) + 6  0 + 6  –69 < 3x  6
69 3x 6
    –23 < x  2
3 3 3
 The solution of the given system is (–23, 2]. This solution can also be shown on the number line
as follows :
7x
6. Solve the following inequalities : 3  4   18
2
7x
Sol. We have 3  4   18.
2
7x 7x
 3  4  4   4  18  4  7    14
2 2
 2  2  7x   2   2 
    (7)           (14)    0 
 7  7  2   7   7 
 2  x  –4  –4  x  2
 The solution of the given system is [–4, 2]. This solution can also be shown on the number line as
follows :
7. A solution of 8% boric acid is to be diluted byadding a 2% boric acid solution to it. The resulting mixture
is to be more than 4% but less than 6% boric acid. If we have 640 litres of the 8% solution, how many
litres of the 2% solution will have to be added ?
Sol. Let required quantity of 2% boric acid = x litres.
 Quantity of mixture = (640 + x) litres
By the given conditions,
8% of 640 + 2% of x > 4% of (640 + x) .....(i)
and 8% of 640 + 2% of x < 6% of (640 + x) .....(ii)
 8   2   4 
(1)    640   x    (640  x)
 100   100   100 
 5120 + 2x > 2560 + 4x  2560 > 2x  x < 1280 ....(iii)
 8   2   6 
(2)    640   x    (640  x)
 100   100   100 
 5120 + 2x < 3840 + 6x  1280 < 4x  x > 320 .....(iv)
(3) and (4)  320 < x < 1280
 Quantity of 2% boric acid lies between 320 litres and 1280 litres.
8. Find the set of values of 'p' for which the quadratic equation, (p – 5)x2 – 2px – 4p = 0 has atleast one
positive root.
Sol. For real roots D  0  p (p – 4)  0 ; p  5
 (–, 0]  [4, 5)  (5, )
For both non positive roots sum  0 ; product  0 & D  0 [4, 5)
Hence for atleast one positive root p (–, 0) [5, )
9. Find the values of a for which one root of equation (a – 5) x2 – 2ax + a – 4 = 0 is smaller than 1 and the
other greater than 2.
Sol. Let f(x) = (a – 5) x2 – 2ax + a – 4 (a  5) as 1 and 2 lie between the roots of f(x) = 0
Consider (a – 5) f(1) < 0 : (a – 5) (a – 5 – 2a + a – 4) < 0
 (a – 5) (–9) < 0
 a–5>0
 a  (5, ) .....(i)
Consider (a – 5) f(2) < 0 : (a – 5) (4 (a – 5) – 4a + a – 4) < 0
 (a – 5) (a – 24) < 0
 a  (5, 24) .....(ii)
Hence, the values of a satisfying (1) and (2) at the same time are a  (5, 24)
10. Find all values of a for which the equation 2x2 – 2(2a + 1)x + a(a + 1) = 0 has two roots, one of which
is greater than a and the other is smaller than a.
Sol. Here coefficient of x2 is positive
Let f(x) = 2x2 – 2(2a + 1)x + a(a + 1)
 f(x) = 2a2 – 2(2a + 1)a + a(a + 1) = –a2 – a < 0
 –a (a + 1) < 0  a (a + 1) > 0
a  (–, –1)  (0, )
11. Find all values of k for which the inequality, 2x2 – 4k2x – k2 + 1 > 0 is valid for all real x which do not
exceed unity in the absolute value.
Sol. Case - 1 : When d < 0 which gives the result
b
Case - 2 : f(1)  0; D  0 ;  1
2a
b
or f(–1)  0 ; d  0 ;   1
2a
1 1
No solution in case - 2 ;  k
2 2
12. If x is real and 4y2 + 4xy + x + 6 = 0, then find the complete set of values of x for which y is real.
Sol. 4y2 + 4xy + x + 6 = 0 y  R
 D0
16x2 – 16 (x + 6)  0
 x2 – x – 6  0  (x – 3) (x + 2)  0
 x  (– , – 2]  [3, )
13. Find the greatest and the least real values of x and y satisfying the relation, x2 + y2 = 6x – 8y.
Sol. Writing as a quadratic in y,
y2 + 8y + x2 – 6x = 0
yR
 D0  x2 – 6x – 16  0
 –2  x  8
Similarly range of y can also be obtained : –2  x  8 and –9  y  1.
14. Let P(x) = ax2 + bx + 8 is a quadratic polynomial. If the minimum value of P(x) is 6 when x = 2, find the
values of a and b.
Sol. P(x) = ax2 + bx + 8 ......(i)
P(2) = 4a + 2b + 8 = 6 ......(ii)
b
   2;  4a = –b
2a
from (ii), we get
–b + 2b = –2  b = –2
 4a = – (–2)  a = 1/2
15. For what values of k is inequality x2 – (k – 3) x – k + 6 > 0 valid for all real x ?
Sol. The expression x2 – (k – 3)x – k + 6 is positive for all x if coefficient of x2 is positive, which is true and
discriminant D < 0
 (k – 3)2 – 4 (– k + 6) < 0
 k2 – 2k – 15 < 0
 (k + 3) (k – 5) < 0
k  (–3, 5)
16. Let  and  be the roots of the equation x2 – 5x + 3 = 0, then find the value of
(16 + 16 + 3 (14 + 14))/(15 + 15)
Sol. x2 – 5x + 3 = 0
 = 5,  = 3
1616  3(14  14 ) 16  16  (14  14 )

15  15 15  15
(  )(15  15 )
    5
(15  15 )
17. Let f(x) = ax2 + bx + c be a polynomial. If f(1 – x) = f(1 + x), f(2) = 0 and f(3) = 6 then find the value of
a, b and c.
Sol. f(1 – x) = f (1 + x)  the graph of the function y = f(x) will be symmetric about the line x = 1
f(2) = 0  f (0) = 0
f(x) = ax (x – 2)
Now f(3) = 6  a = 2
f(x) = 2x2 – 4x
18. Solve the equation x4 – 3x3 – 2x2 – 3x + 1 = 0

Sol. x4 – 3x3 – 2x2 – 3x + 1 = 0
3 1
 x 2  3x  2   0
x x2
 2 1   1
 x  2   3 x    2  0
 x   x
2
 1  1
  x    3 x    4  0
 x  x
 1  1 
  x   4  x   1  0
 x  x 
1 1
x 4 0 or x 1  0
x x
x2 – 4x + 1 = 0 or x2 + x + 1 = 0
4  16  4 1 1 4
x or x
2 2
1  3i 1  3i
x  2  3, 2  3 or x ,
2 2
19. If the equation x4 + x3 – 2ax2 – ax + a2 = 0 has 4 real roots than find the least possible value of 'a'.
Sol. To solve this type of equation try to make it a quadratic equation in 'a'.
a2 – a (2x2 + x) + x4 + x3 = 0
 a2 – a (x2 + x2 + x) + x4 + x3 = 0
 (x2 – a) (x2 + x – a) = 0
If all roots are real then both factors must have real roots.
x2 – a = 0 and x2 + x – a = 0
1
a0 and 1 + 4a  0  a  
4
 the least possible value of 'a' is 0
20. Find the number of real roots of the equation

(x + 1) (x + 2) (x + 3) (x + 4) = 120
Sol. We have, (x + 1) (x + 2) ( x + 3) (x + 4) = 120
 (x + 1) (x + 4) (x + 2) (x + 3) = 120
 (x2 + 5x + 4) (x2 + 5x + 6) = 120
Put x2 + 5x + 4 = y
y (y + 2) = 120  y2 + 2y = 120
 y = 10 or y = –12
 2
x + 5x + 4 = 10 or x2 + 5x + 4 = –12
 x2 + 5x – 6 = 0 or x2 + 5x + 16 = 0
x = –6, 1 or No real roots
The given equation has 2 distinct real root.
ELEMENTARYEXERCISES
EXERCISE FROM HALL & KNIGHT BOOK
EXAMPLES IX (A)
Form the equations whose roots are
4 3 m n
1.  , 2. ,
5 7 n m
pq pq
3. , 4. 7  2 5
pq pq
5. 2 3  5 6. p  2 2q
7. –3 ± 5i 8. –a ± ib
2 1
9. ± i(a – b) 10. 3, ,
3 2
a 2
11. , 0,  12. 2  3, 4
2 a
13. Prove that the roots of the following equations are real :
(1) x2 – 2ax + a2 – b2 – c2 = 0,
(2) (a – b + c)x2 + 4(a – b)x + (a – b – c) = 0
14. If the equation x2 – 15 – m(2x – 8) = 0 has equal roots, find the values of m.
15. For what values of m will be equations
x2 – 2x(1 + 3m) + 7(3 + 2m) = 0
have equal roots ?
16. For what value of m will the equations
x 2  bx m  1

ax  c m  1
Have roots equal in magnitude but opposite in sign ?
17. Prove that the roots of the following equations are rational :
(1) (a + c – b)x2 + 2cx + (b + c – a) = 0
(2) abc2x2 + 3a2cx + b2cs – 6a2 – ab + 2b2 = 0
If ,  are the roots of the equations ax2 + bx + c = 0, find the values of
1 1
18.  2 19. 47 + 74
 
2
2
 
20.   
 
Find the value of
21. x3 + x2 – x + 22 when x = 1 + 2i.
22. x3 – 3x2 – 8x + 15 when x = 3 + i
x
23. x3 – ax2 + 2a2x + 4a3 when  1  3
a
24. If  and  are the roots of x2 + px + q = 0, form the equation whose roots are ( – )2 and
( + )2.
25. Prove that the roots of (x – a) (x – b) = h2 are always real.
26. If x1, x2 are the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0, find the value of
(1) (ax1 + b)–2 + (ax2 + b)–2
(2) (ax1 + b)–3 + (ax2 + b)–3
27. Find the condition that one root of ax2 + bx + c = 0 shall be n times the other.
28. If ,  are the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0, form the equation whose roots are 2 + 2 and
–2 + –2.
29. Form the equation whose roots are the squares of the sum and of the difference of the roots of
2x2 + 2 (m + n)x + m2 + n2 = 0
30. Discuss the signs of the roots of the equation
px2 + qx + r = 0
EXAMPLES IX (B)
1. Determine the limits between which n must lie in order that the equation
2ax(ax + nc) + (n2 – 2)c2 = 0
may have real roots.
x 1
2. If x be real, prove that must lie between 1 and  .
x  5x  9
2
11
x2  x 1 1
3. Shew that lies between 3 and for all real values of x.
x  x 1
2
3
x 2  34x  71
4. If x be real, prove that 2 can have no value between 5 and 9.
x  2x  7
a
5. Find the equation whose roots are .
a  ab
6. If ,  are roots of the equation x2 – px + q = 0, find the value of
(1) 2(2–1 – ) + 2(2–1 – )
(2) ( – p)–4 + ( – p)–4
7. If the roots of x2 + nx + n = 0 be in the ratio of p : q, prove that
p q n
  0
q p 
(x  m) 2  4mn
8. If x be real, the expression admits of all values except such as lie between 2n and 2m.
2(x  n)
9. If the roots of the equation ax2 + 2bx + c = 0 be and  and those of the equation
Ax2 + 2Bx + C = 0 be  +  and  + , prove that
b 2  ac B2  AC

a2 A2
px 2  3x  4
10. Shew that the expression will be capable of all values when x is real, provided that p has
p  3x  4x 2
any value between 1 and 7.
x2
11. Find the greatest value of for real values of x.
2x  3x  6
2
12. Shew that if x is real, the expression

(x2 – bc) (2x – b – c)–1
Has no real values between b and c.
13. If the roots of ax2 + 2bx + c = 0 be possible and different, then the roots of
(a + c) (ax2 + 2bx + c) = 2(ac – b2) (x2 + 1)
will be impossible, and vice versa.
(ax  b)(dx  c)
14. Shew that the expression will be capable of all values when x is real, if
(bx  a)(cx  d)
a2 – b2 and c2 – d2 have the same sign.
EXAMPLES IX (C)
1. For what values of m will the expression
y2 + 2xy + 2x + my – 3
be capable of resolution into two rational factors ?
2. Find the values of m which will make 2x2 + mxy + 3y2 – 5y – 2 equivalent to the product of two linear
factors.
3. Shew that the expression
A(x2 – y2) – xy (B – C)
Always admits of two real linear factors.
4. If the equations
x2 + px + q = 0, x 2  px  q  0
have a common root, shew that it must be either
pq  pq q  q
or
q  q p  p
5. Find the condition that the expressions
x2 + mxy + ny2, x 2  mxy  n y 2
May have a common linear factor.
6. If the expression
3x2 + 2Pxy + 2y2 + 2ax – 4y + 1
Can be resolved into linear factors, prove that P must be one of the roots of the equation
P2 + 4aP + 2a2 + 6 = 0
7. Find the condition that the expressions

ax2 + 2hxy + by2 , a x 2  2hxy  by 2
may be respectively divisible by factors of the form y – mx, my + x.
8. Shew that in the equation
x2 – 3xy + 2y2 – 2x – 3y – 35 = 0
for every real value of x there is a real value of y, and for every real value of y there is a real value of x.
9. If x and y are two real quantities connected by the equation
9x2 + 2xy + y2 – 92x – 20y + 244 = 0,
then will x lie between 3 and 6, and y between 1 and 10.
10. If (ax 2  bx  c)y  a x 2  bx  c  0 , find the condition that x may be a rational function of y..
Exercise From PRILEPKO Book
26. For what values of a does the equation 9x2 – 2x + a = 6 – ax possess equal roots ?
27. Find the value of k for which the equation (k – 1)x2 + (k + 4)x + k + 7 = 0 has equal roots.
28. Find the values of a for which the roots of the equation (2a – 5)x2 – 2(a – 1)x + 3 = 0 are equal.
29. For what values of m does the equation x2 – x + m = possess no real roots ?
30. For what values of m does the equation x2 – x + m2 = 0 possess no real roots ?
31. For what values of m does the equation mx2 – (m + 1) x + 2m – 1= 0, possess noreal roots ?
32. For what values of c does the equation (c – 2)x2 + 2(c – 2)x + 2 = 0, possess no real roots ?
33. Find integral values of k for which the equation (k – 12)x2 + 2(k – 12)x + 2 = 0 possesses no real roots.
34. For what values of a does the equation x 2  2a a 2  3x  4  0 possess equal roots ?
35. Find the values of the coefficient a for which the curve y = x2 + ax + 25 touches the ox-axis.
36. Find the value of k for which the curve y = x2 + kx + 4 touches the Ox axis.
1 1
37. Form a quadratic equation whose roots are the numbers and .
10  72 10  6 2
38. For what values of k is the inequality x2 – (k – 3)x – k + 6 > 0 valid for all real x ?
39. For what values of a is the inequality ax2 + 2ax + 0.5 > 0 valid throughout the entire number axis ?
40. For what integral k is the inequality x2 – 2(4k – 1)x + 15k2 – 2k – 7 > 0 valid for anyreal x ?
41. Find the least integral value of k for which the equation x2 – 2(k + 2)x + 12 + k2 = 0 has two different
real roots.
42. For what values of a is the sum of the roots of the equation x2 + (2 – a – a2)x – a2 = 0 equal to zero ?
43. For what values of a do the graphs of the functions y = 2ax + 1 and y = (a – 6)x2 – 2 not intersect ?
44. For what values of p does the vertex of the parabola y = x2 + 2px + 13 lie at a distance of 5 from the
origin ?
45. Find the value of a for which one root of the equation x2 + (2a – 1)x + a2 + 2 = 0 is twice as large as the
other.
46. For what values of a is the ratio of the roots of the equation x2 + ax + a + 2 = 0 equal to 2 ?
47. For what values of a is the ratio of the roots of the equation ax2 – (a + 3)x + 3 = 0 equal to 1.5 ?
48. For what values of a do the roots x1 and x2 of the equation x2 – (3a + 2)x + a2 = 0 satisfy the relation x1
= 9x2 ? Find the roots.
15
49. find a such that one of the roots of the equation x 2  x  a  0 is the square of the other..
4
50. The roots x1 and x2 of the equation x2 + px + 12 = 0 are such that x2 – x1 = 1. Find p.
51. Find k in the equation 5x2 – kx + 1 = 0 such that the difference between the roots of the equation is unity.
52. For what value of a is the difference between the roots of the equation
(a – 2)x2 – (a – 4)x – 2 = 0 equal to 3 ?
53. Find b in the equation 5x2 + bx – 28 = 0 if the roots x1 and x2 of the equation are related as
5x1 + 2x2 = 1 and b is an integer.
54. Find p in the equation x2 – 4x + p = 0 if it is known that the sum of the squares of its roots
is equal to 16.
55. For what values of a is the difference between the roots of the equation 2x2 – (a + 1)x + (a – 1) = 0 equal
to their product ?
56. Find all values of a for which the sum of the roots of the equation x2 – 2a (x – 1) – 1 = 0 is equal to
sum of the squares of its roots.
57. Find the coefficients of the equation x2 + px + q = 0 such that its roots are equal to p and q.
58. For what values of a do the equations x2 + ax + 1 = 0 and x2 + x + a = 0 have a root in common ?
59. Given two quadratic equations x2 – x + m = 0 and x2 – x + 3m = 0, m  0. Find the value of m for which
one of the roots of the second equation is equal to double the root of the first equation.
60. The trinomial ax2 + bx + c has no real roots, a + b + c < 0, Find the sign of the number c.
61. Express x13  x 32 in terms of the coefficients of the equation x2 + px + q = 0, where x1 and x2 are the
roots of the equation.
62. Assume that x1 and x2 are roots of the equation 3x2 – ax + 2a – 1 = 0. Calculate x13  x 32 .
63. Without solving the equation 3x2 – 5x – 2 = 0, find the sum of the cubes of its roots.
1 1
64. Calculate x 3  x 3 , where x1 and x2 are roots of the equation 2x2 – 3ax – 2 = 0.
1 2
65. For what values of a does the equation (2 – x) (x + 1) = a possess real and positive roots ?
66. Find all values of p for which the roots of the equation (p – 3)x2 – 2px + 5p = 0 are real and positive.
67. Find all values of a for which the inequality (a + 4)x2 – 2ax + 2a – 6 < 0 is satisfied for all x  R.
68. Find all values of a for which the inequality (a – 3)x2 – 2ax + 3a – 6 > 0 is satisfied for all values of x.
69. Find all values of a for which the inequality (a – 1)x2 – (a + 1)x + a + 1 > 0 is satisfied for all real x.
70. For what least integral k is the quadratic trinomial (k – 2)x2 + 8x + k + 4 positive for all values of x ?
INEQUALITIES QUESTIONS From PRILEPKO Book
27. (x  1)(3  x)(x  2) 2  0 . 5x  6

40. 1.
x6
6x  5
28.  0.
4x  1 5x  8
41. 2.
4x
2x  3
29.  0.
3x  7 x 1
42.  2.
x 3
0.5
30.  0.
x  x2 1 7x  5
43. 4.
8x  3
x 2  5x  6
31.  0. x 1
x2  x 1 44.  .
x 5 2
x 2  x  3 5x  1
32.  0. 45. 1.
x2 1 x2  3
(x  1)(x  2) 2 x2 1
33. 0. 46.  .
1  x x 1
2
2
x 2  x   x 1
34. 0. 47.  1.
2x 2  x  1 (x  1) 2
35. x 4  5x 2  4  0 . x 2  7x  12
48. 0.
2x 2  4x  5
36. x 4  2x 2  63  0 .
x 2  6x  7
3 49.  2.
37.  1. x2 1
x
x4  x2 1
1
 2. 50. 0 .
38.
x 1 x 2  4x  5
1  3x 2
51.  0.
4x  3 2x 2  x  
39.  6.
2x  5
1 x2 2x 2 
1
0.
52. 0 . 64.
x
x 2  x  
x2  x2 1 x2  x  6
0 . 65.  0.
53.
x 2  4x  5 x 2  6x
1  2x  3x 2 x 2  5x  6
0 . 66.  0.
54.
3x  x 2  5 x 2  11x  30
x 2  5x  7 x 2  8x  7
 0. 67. 0.
55.
2x 2  3x  2 4x 2   x  1
2x 2  3x  459 x 2  36
 1. 68.  0.
56.
x2  1 x 2  x  18
x2 1 x 2  6x  9
1. 69.  0.
57.
x2  x 1 5  4x  x 2
x 1
x 70.  x.
58.  0. x 1
x 2  3x  4
1 3
71.  .
x 2  7x  10 x  2 x 3
0
59. 2 .
x
3
1 3
71.  .
x  2 x 3
3x 2  4x  6
60. 0 14x 9x  30
2x  5 72.   0.
x 1 x  4
17  15x  2x 2 5x 2  2
61.  0.  1.
x3 73.
4x 2  x  3
x2  9
62. 0. x 2  5x  12
3x  x 2  24 74. 3.
x 2  4x  5
x  7 3x  1 x 2  3x  24
63.  0.  4.
x 5 2 75.
x 2  3x  3
x 2 1 (x  2)(x 2  2 x  1)
76. 3. 88.  0.3 .
2x  5 4  3x  x 2
x2 1 4 2
77.  2. 89.   1.
4x  3 1 x 1 x
x2  2 3 2
 2 . 90. 2  .
78. x 1 x
x2 1
2 6
3x  5 1 91. 1  .
79.  . x 1 x
x  4x  5 2
2
x 4  3x 3  2x 2
2x  3 1 92.  0.
80.  . x 2  x  30
x  x  12 2
2
x 1 x 1
5  2x 93. a   2.
81. 1. x x 1
3x  2x  16
2
2(x  3) 1
15  4x 94.  .
82.  4. x(x  6) x  1
x  x  12
2
2(x  4) 1
1 1 95.  .
83.  . (x  1)(x  7) x  2
x  5x  6 2
2
2x 1
(2  x 2 )(x  3)3 96.  .
84. 0. x 9 x  2
2
(x  1)(x 2   x  4)
1 1 1
5  4x 97.   .
85.  4. x  2 x 1 x
3x 2  x  4
7 9
 1  0 .
19  33x 98.
(x  2)(x  3) x  3
86.  2.
7x 2  11x  4
20 10
0.5x  49 1 99.  1  0 .
 . (x  3)(x  ) x  4
87.
10x  x  2 2
2
EXERCISE–I
43 3
Q.1 A quadratic polynomial f (x) = x2 + ax + b is formed with one of its zeros beingwhere a and
2 3
b are integers. Also g (x) = x4 + 2x3 – 10x2 + 4x – 10 is a biquadratic polynomial such that
 43 3 
g   = c 3  d where c and d are also integers. Find the values of a, b, c and d.

 2  3 
Q.2 If (x2  x cos (A + B) + 1) is a factor of the expression,

2x4 + 4x3 sin A sin B  x2(cos 2A + cos 2B) + 4x cos A cos B  2. Then find the other factor.
Q.3  ,  are the roots of the equation K (x2 – x) + x + 5 = 0. If K1 & K2 are the two values of K for
which the roots ,  are connected by the relation (/) + (/) = 4/5. Find the value of
(K1/K2) + (K2/K1).
Q.4 If the quadratic equations, x2 + bx + c = 0 and bx2 + cx + 1 = 0 have a common root then prove that
either b + c + 1 = 0 or b2 + c2 + 1 = b c + b + c.
Q.5 Let a, b be arbitrary real numbers. Find the smallest natural number 'b' for which the equation
x2 + 2(a + b)x + (a – b + 8) = 0 has unequal real roots for all a  R.
ax 2  2(a  1) x  9a  4
Q.6 Find the range of values of a, such that f (x) = is always negative.
x 2  8x  32
Q.7 Find the product of uncommon real roots of the two polynomials P(x) = x4 + 2x3 – 8x2 – 6x + 15 and
Q(x) = x3 + 4x2 – x – 10.
Q.8 Let the quadratic equation x2 + 3x – k = 0 has roots a, b and x2 + 3x – 10 = 0 has roots c, d such that
modulus of difference of the roots of the first equation is equal to twice the modulus of the difference of
the roots of the second equation. If the value of 'k' can be expressed as rational number in the lowest
form as m n then find the value of (m + n).
Q.9 When y2 + my + 2 is divided by (y – 1) then the quotient is f (y) and the remainder is R1. When
y2 + my + 2 is divided by (y + 1) then quotient is g (y) and the remainder is R2. If R1 = R2 then find the
value of m.
Q.10 Find the value of m for which the quadratic equations x2 – 11x + m = 0 and x2 – 14x + 2m = 0 may have
common root.
Q.11 If the quadratic equations x2 + bx + ca = 0 & x2 + cx + ab = 0 have a common root, prove that
the equation containing their other root is x2 + ax + bc = 0.
Q.12 If by eleminating x between the equation x² + ax + b = 0 & xy+ l (x + y) + m = 0, a quadratic in y is

formed whose roots are the same as those of the original quadratic in x. Then prove either
a = 2l & b = m or b + m = al.
Q.13(a) If ,  are the roots of the quadratic equation ax2+bx+c = 0 then which of the following expressions
in ,  will denote the symmetric functions of roots. Give proper reasoning.
(i) f (, ) = 2 –  (ii) f (, ) = 2 + 2

(iii) f (, ) = ln (iv) f (, ) = cos ( – )

(b) If ,  are the roots of the equation x2 – px + q = 0, then find the quadratic equation the roots of
which are (2  2) (3  3) & 3 2 + 2 3.
Q.14 Let P(x) = 4x2 + 6x + 4 and Q(y) = 4y2 – 12y + 25. Find the unique pair of real numbers (x, y) that
satisfy P(x) · Q(y) = 28.
Q.15 Find a quadratic equation whose sum and product of the roots are the values of the expressions
(cosec 10° – 3 sec10°) and (0.5 cosec10° – 2 sin70°) respectively. Also express the roots of this
quadratic in terms of tangent of an angle lying in 0,  2 .
Q.16 Find the product of the real roots of the equation,

x2 + 18x + 30 = 2 x 2  18x  45
2x 2  2x  3
Q.17 We call 'p' a good number if the inequality  p is satisfied for any real x. Find the smallest
x2  x 1
integral good number.
Q.18 Find the values of ‘a’ for which 3 < [(x2 + ax  2)/(x2 + x + 1)] < 2 is valid for all real x.
x 2  ax  b
Q.19 If the range of the function f (x) = 2 is [–5, 4], a, b  N, then find the value of (a2 + b2).
x  2x  3
Q.20 Suppose a, b, c  I such that greatest common divisor of x2 + ax + b and x2 + bx + c is (x + 1) and

the least common multiple of x2 + ax + b and x2 + bx + c is (x3 – 4x2 + x + 6). Find the value of
(a + b + c).
Q.21 Let a, b, c and m  R+. Find the range of m (independent of a, b and c) for which atleast one of the
following equations.
ax 2  bx  cm  0 

bx 2  cx  am  0  have real roots.
and cx 2  ax  bm  0
1 1 1
Q.22 
If a & b are positive numbers, prove that the equation  = 0 has two real roots,
x xa xb
one between a/3 & 2a/3 and the other between – 2b/3 & – b/3.
Q.23 If the roots of x2  ax + b = 0 are real & differ by a quantity which is less than c (c > 0), prove that
b lies between (1/4) (a2  c2) & (1/4)a2.
1 1
 1 2  1 2
Q.24 Find all real numbers x such that,  x   + 1   = x.
 x  x
6
 1  6 1 
x   x  6   2
 x  x 
Q.25 Find the minimum value of 3 for x > 0.
 1 1
x    x  3
3
 x x
EXERCISE–II
Q.1 Let x2 + y2 + xy + 1  a(x + y)  x, y  R. Find the possible integer(s) in the range of a.
Q.2 Solve the following where x  R.

(a) (x  1)x2  4x + 3+ 2 x2 + 3x  5 = 0 (b) 3x2  4x + 2= 5x  4
(c) x3 + 1+ x2  x  2 = 0 (d) 2x+2  2x+1  1= 2x+1 + 1
(e) For a  0, determine all real roots of the equation x2  2 ax  a 3a2 = 0.
Q.3 Let a, b, c, d be distinct real numbers and a and b are the roots of quadratic equation
x2 – 2cx – 5d = 0. If c and d are the roots of the quadratic equation x2 – 2ax – 5b = 0 then find the
numerical value of a + b + c + d.
 
Q.4 Let ,  and  are the roots of the cubic x3 – 3x2 + 1 = 0. Find a cubic whose roots are ,
 2 2

and . Hence or otherwise find the value of ( – 2)( – 2)( – 2).
2
Q.5 Suppose a cubic polynomial f (x) = x3 + px2 + qx + 72 is divisible by both x2 + ax + b and

x2 + bx + a (where a, b, p, q are constants and a  b). Find the sum of the squares of the roots of the
cubic polynomial.
x2  2  x4  4
Q.6 Let x be a positive real. Find the maximum possible value of the expression y = .
x
x 2  y2
Q.7 Given x, y  R, x2 + y2 > 0. If the maximum and minimum value of the expression E = 2
x  xy  4 y 2
are M and m, and Adenotes the average value of M and m, compute (2007)A.
Q.8 Find all numbers p for each of which the least value of the quadratic trinomial
4x2 – 4px + p2 – 2p + 2 on the interval 0  x  2 is equal to 3.
Q.9 Two roots of a biquadratic x4 – 18x3 + kx2 + 200x – 1984 = 0 have their product equal to (– 32). Find
the value of k.
Q.10 Find the complete set of real values of ‘a’ for which both roots of the quadratic equation
( a2 – 6a + 5) x2 – a 2  2a x + (6a – a2 – 8) = 0 lie on either side of the origin.
Q.11 If ,  are the roots of the equation, x2  2 x  a2 + 1 = 0 and  ,  are the roots of the equation,
x2  2 (a + 1) x + a (a  1) = 0 such that ,  ( , ) then find the values of 'a'.
Q.12 Find all the values of the parameter 'a' for which both roots of the quadratic equation
x2 – ax + 2 = 0 belong to the interval (0, 3).
Q.13 At what values of 'a' do all the zeroes of the function,

f (x) = (a  2)x2 + 2ax + a + 3 lie on the interval ( 2, 1)?
Q.14 Find the values of K so that the quadratic equation x2 + 2(K1)x+ K + 5 = 0 has atleast one positive root.
Q.15 Let P (x) = x2 + bx + c, where b and c are integer. If P (x) is a factor of both x4 + 6x2 + 25 and
3x4 + 4x2 + 28x + 5, find the value of P(1).
Q.16 Find the values of 'b'for whichthe equation 2 log 1 bx  28   log 5 12  4 x  x 2 has onlyone solution.
25
Q.17 Find all the values of the parameters c for which the inequality has at least one solution.


 
1  log 2  2 x 2  2 x    log 2 cx 2  c .
 2
Q.18 Find all the values of the parameter 'a' for which the inequality
a.9x + 4(a–1)3x + a – 1 > 0 is satisfied for all real values of x.
MATCH THE COLUMN (one to many & Many to one):

Q.19 Match the conditions in Column-I with the intervals in Column-II.
Let f (x) = x2 – 2px + p2 – 1, then
Column-I Column-II.
(A) both the roots of f (x) = 0 are less than 4, if p  (P) (– 1, )
(B) both the roots of f (x) = 0 are greater than – 2 if p  (Q) (– , 3)
(C) exactly one root of f (x) = 0 lie in (–2, 4), if p  (R) (0, 2)
(D) 1 lies between the roots of f (x) = 0, if p  (S) (–3, – 1)  (3, 5)
Q.20 It is given that  (  ) are the roots of the equation f(x) = ax2 + bx + c. Also af(t) > 0.
Match the condition given in column-I with their corresponding conclusions given in column-II.
Column-I Column-II
(A) a > 0 and b2 > 4ac (P) t 
(B) 2
a > 0 and b = 4ac (Q) no solution
(C) a < 0 and b2 > 4ac (R) <t<
(D) a < 0 and b2 = 4ac (S) t <  or t > 
EXERCISE–III
Solve the inequality. Where ever base is not given take it as 10.
2
 5
Q.1 log2 x    log 1 x   20 log2 x  148  0 .
4
Q.2 (log 100 x)2 + (log 10 x)2 + log x 14
 2 4 
Q.3 log1/2 (x + 1) > log2 (2  x). Q.4 logx2 . log2x2 . log2 4x > 1.
Q.5 log1/5 (2x2 + 5x + 1) < 0. Q.6 log1/2 x + log3 x > 1.
Q.7 logx² (2 + x) < 1 Q.8 (logx+62) . log2 (x2  x  2)  1

4x  5 x 2  4x  3
Q.9 logx < 1 Q.10 log3 0
6  5x
x  x 5
2
Q.11 Find the maximum possible value of 8 ·27log6 x  27 ·8log6 x  x 3 , where x > 0
Q.12 Find the set of values of k for which the equation, 3 tan 3x = (3 log2K – 4 log K + 2)tan x (x  n, nI)
has a solution. The base of the logarithm is 8.
log 3 ( x 2  3x  7)
Q.13 Find out the values of 'a' for which any solution of the inequality, < 1 is also a solution
log3 (3x  2)
of the inequality, x2 + (5  2 a) x  10a.
Q.14 Solve the inequality log ( x 2  10 x  22)  0 .

x
log  
2 2 
Q.15 Find the set of values of 'y' for which the inequality, 2 log0.5 y2  3 + 2 x log0.5 y2  x2 > 0
is valid for atleast one real value of 'x'.
EXERCISE–IV
Q. 1 Find the values of  & , 0 < ,  < /2, satisfying the following equation [JEE '99, 6]
cos  cos  cos( + ) = –1/8
 p Q
Q. 2 (i) In a triangle PQR, R = . If tan   & tan   are the roots of the equation
2 2 2
ax2 + bx + c = 0 (a 0) then : [JEE '99, 2 + 2]
(ii) 2 2
If the roots of the equation x – 2ax + a + a – 3 = 0 are real & less than 3 then
(A) a < 2 (B) 2  a  3 (C) 3 < a  4 (D) a > 4
Q.3 If ,  are the roots of the equation, (x  a)(x  b) + c = 0, find the roots of the equation,
(x ) (x ) = c. [REE 2000 (Mains), 3]
Q.4(a) For the equation, 3 x2 + px + 3 = 0 , p > 0 if one of the roots is square of the other, then p is equal to:
(A) 1/3 (B) 1 (C) 3 (D) 2/3
(b) If  &  ( < ), are the roots of the equation, x2 + bx + c = 0, where c < 0 < b, then
(A) 0 <  <  (B)  < 0 < < 
(C) <  < 0 (D) < 0 <  < 
(c) If b > a , then the equation, (x  a) (x  b)  1 = 0, has :
(A) both roots in [a, b] (B) both roots in (a)
(C) both roots in [b) (D) one root in (a) & other in (b, +)
[JEE 2000 Screening, 1 + 1 + 1 out of 35]
(d) If ,  are the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0, (a  0) and  +  ,  +  , are the roots of,
Ax2 + Bx + C = 0, (A  0) for some constant , then prove that,
b 2 4ac B 2 4AC
= . [JEE 2000, Mains, 4 out of 100]
a2 A2
Q.5 Let a, b, c be real numbers with a  0 and let  be the roots of the equation
ax2 + bx + c = 0. Express the roots of a3x2 + abcx + c3 = 0 in terms of 
[JEE 2001, Mains, 5 out of 100]
Q.6 The set of all real numbers x for which x2 – |x + 2| + x > 0, is

(A) (–, –2) U (2, ) (B) (–, – 2 ) U ( 2 , )
(C) (–, –1) U (1, ) (D) ( 2 , ) [JEE 2002 (screening), 3]
Q.7 If x2 + (a – b)x + (1 – a – b) = 0 where a, b  R then find the values of ‘a’ for which equation has
unequal real roots for all values of ‘b’. [JEE 2003, Mains-4 out of 60]
Q.8(a) If one root of the equation x2 + px + q = 0 is the square of the other, then
(A) p3 + q2 – q(3p + 1) = 0 (B) p3 + q2 + q(1 + 3p) = 0
(C) p3 + q2 + q(3p – 1) = 0 (D) p3 + q2 + q(1 – 3p) = 0
(b) If x2 + 2ax + 10 – 3a > 0 for all x  R, then
(A) – 5 < a < 2 (B) a < – 5 (C) a > 5 (D) 2 < a < 5
[JEE 2004 (Screening)]
1  2 x  5x 2   
Q.9 Find the range of values of t for which 2 sin t = , t  2 , 2  .
3x 2  2x  1  
[JEE 2005(Mains), 2]
Q.10(a) Let a, b, c be the sides of a triangle. No two of them are equal and   R. If the roots of the equation
x2 + 2(a + b + c)x + 3(ab + bc + ca) = 0 are real, then
4 5 1 5  4 5
(A)   (B)   (C)    ,  (D)    , 
3 3 3 3  3 3
[JEE 2006, 3]
(b) If roots of the equation x 2  10cx  11d  0 are a, b and those of x2 – 10ax – 11b = 0 are c, d, then find
the value of a + b + c + d. (a, b, c and d are distinct numbers) [JEE 2006, 6]
Q.11(a) Let ,  be the roots of the equation x2 – px + r = 0 and  2 , 2 be the roots of the equation
x2 – qx + r = 0. Then the value of 'r' is
2 2 2 2
(A) (p–q)(2q – p) (B) (q – p)(2p – q) (C) (q – 2p)(2q – p) (D) (2p–q)(2q – p)
9 9 9 9
MATCH THE COLUMN:
x 2  6x  5
(b) Let f (x) =
x 2  5x  6
Match the expressions / statements in Column I with expressions / statements in Column II.
Column I Column II
(A) If – 1 < x < 1, then f (x) satisfies (P) 0 < f (x) < 1
(B) If 1 < x < 2, the f (x) satisfies (Q) f (x) < 0
(C) If 3 < x < 5, then f (x) satisfies (R) f (x) > 0
(D) If x > 5, then f (x) satisfies (S) f (x) < 1 [JEE 2007, 3+6]
ASSERTION & REASON:

Q.12 Let a, b, c, p, q be real numbers. Suppose ,  are the roots of the equation x2 + 2px + q = 0 and
, 1  are the roots of the equation ax2 + 2bx + c = 0, where 2  {–1, 0, 1}
STATEMENT-1 : (p2 – q)(b2 – ac)  0
and
STATEMENT-2 : b  pa or c  qa
(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1
(B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-1
(C) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(D) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True [JEE 2008, 3 (–1)]
Q.13 The smallest value of k, for which both the roots of the equation, x2 – 8kx + 16(k2 – k + 1) = 0 are real,
distinct and have values at least 4, is [JEE 2009, 4 (–1)]
Q. 14 Let p and q be real numbers such that p  0, p3  q and p3 – q. If  and  are non zero complex
 
number satisfying  = – p and 3 +3 = q, then a quadratic equation having and as its roots
 
is [JEE 2010]
(A) (p3 + q)x2 – (p3 + 2q) x + (p3 + q) = 0 (B) (p3 + q)x2 – (p3 – 2q) x + (p3 + q) = 0
(C) (p3 – q)x2 – (5p3 – 2q) x + (p3 – q) = 0 (D) (p3 – q)x2 – (5p3 + 2q) x + (p3 – q) = 0
Q. 15 A value of b for which the equations [JEE 2011]
x2 + bx – 1 = 0
x2 + x + b = 0,
have one root in common is
(A)  2 (B) i 3 (C) i 5 (D) 2
Q. 16 Let  and  be the roots of x – 6x – 2 = 0, with  >. If an =  – n for n  1, then the value of
2 n
a10  2a 8
2a 9 is : [JEE 2011]
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

Q. 17 If the equations x2 + 2x + 3 = 0 and ax2 + bx + c = 0, a, b , c  R, have a common root, then a : b : c
is [IIT Main 2013]
(A) 3 : 1 : 2 (B) 1 : 2 : 3 (C) 3 : 2 : 1 (D) 1 : 3 : 2
Q. 18 The real number k for which the equation, 2x3 + 3x + k = 0 has two distinct real roots in [0, 1]
(A) does not exist (B) lies between 1 and 2 [IIT Main 2013]
(C) lies between 2 and 3 (D) lies between –1 and 0
Q. 19 The number of values of k, for which the system of equations : [IIT Mains 2013]
(k + 1) x + 8y = 4k
kx + (k + 3)y = 3k – 1 has no solution, is
(A) 3 (B)infinite (C) 1 (D) 2
1 1
Q. 20 Let and  be the roots of equation px2 + qx + r = 0, p  0. If p, q, r are in A.P. and  = 4, then
 
the value of | – | is : [IIT Mains 2014]
2 13 61 2 17 34
(A) (B) (C) (D)
9 9 9 9
Q. 21 Let  and  be the roots of equation x2 – 6x – 2 = 0. If an = n – n, for n  1, then the value of
a10  2a 8
is equal to : [IIT Mains 2015]
2a 9
(A) –3 (B) 6 (C) –6 (D) 3
Q. 22 Let S be the set of all non-zero real numbers  such that the quadratic equation x2 – x +  = 0 has two
distinct real roots x1 and x2 satisfying the inequality |x1 – x2| < 1. Which of the following intervals is(are)
a subset(s) of S ? [IITAdv. 2015]
 1 1   1   1   1 1
(A)   ,   (B)   ,0  (C)  0,  (D)  , 
 2 5  5   5  5 2
 
Q. 23 Let      . Suppose 1 and 1 are the roots of equation x2 – 2x sec + 1 = 0 and 2 and 2
6 12
are the roots of the equation x2 + 2x tan – 1 = 0. If 1 > 1 and 2 > 2, then 1 + 2 equals
(A) 2(sec – tan) (B) 2 sec [IITAdv. 2016]
(C) –2 tan (D) 0
Q.24 If for a positive integer n, the quadratic equation, x(x + 1) + (x + 1)(x + 2)....+(x + n  1 )
(x + n) = 10n has two consecutive integral solutions, then n is equal to [JEE Mains 2017]
(A) 12 (B) 9 (C) 10 (D) 11
Paragraph
Let p, q be integers and let ,  be the roots of the equation, x 2 – x – 1 = 0, where .
For n = 0, 1, 2,.... let a n = pn + a n . [JEE Adv. 2017]
Fact : It a and b are rational numbers a + b 5 = 0, then a = 0 = b.
Q.25 If a 4 = 28, then p + 2q =

(A) 12 (B) 14 (C) 7 (D) 21
Q.26 a 12 =
(A) a 11 + 2a 10 (B) a 11 – a 10 (C) 2a 11 + a 10 (D) a 11 + a 10
Q.27 If  C are the distinct roots, of the equation x 2 – x + 1 = 0, then a 101 + b 107 is equal to
: [JEE Mains 2018]
(A) 2 (B) –1 (C) 0 (D) 1
Q.28 Let S = {x  R : x  0 and 2 x – 3 + x  

x – 6 + 6 = 0} . Then S : [JEE Mains 2018]
(A) contains exactly four elements. (B) is an empty set.
(C) contains exactly one element. (D) contains exactly two elements.

Q.29 If  and  are the roots of the quadratic equation, x2 + xsin – 2sin= 0,   0,  , then
 2
12  12
  12  12      24 is equal to : [JEE Mains 2019]
26 212 212 212

(A) (B) (C) (D)
(sin   8)12 (sin   8)6 (sin   4)12 (sin   8)12
Q.30 If m is chosen in the quadratic equation (m2 + 1) x2 – 3x + (m2 + 1)2 = 0 such that the sum of its roots is
greatest, then the absolute difference of the cubes of its roots is : [JEE Mains 2019]
(A) 8 3 (B) 4 3 (C) 10 5 (D) 8 5
Q.31 Let p, q  R. If 2  3 is a root of the quadratic equation, x2 + px + q = 0, then :
[JEE Mains 2019]
(A) q2 + 4p + 14 = 0 (B) p2 – 4q – 12 = 0 (C) q2 – 4p – 16 = 0 (D) p2 – 4q + 12 = 0
Q.32 The number of integral values of m for which the equation [JEE Mains 2019]
(1 + m2)x2 – 2(1 + 3m) x + (1 + 8m) = 0 has no real root is :
(A) infinitelymany (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 1
Q.33 The sum of the solutions of the equation [JEE Mains 2019]
| x  2 |  x  x  4   2  0, (x  0) is equal to :
(A) 4 (B) 9 (C) 10 (D) 12
n

Q.34 If  and  be the roots of the equation x2 – 2x + 2 = 0, then the least value of n for which    1

is : [JEE Mains 2019]
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5
Q.35 The number of integral value of m for which the quadratic expression, (1 + 2m) x2 – 2 (1 + 3m) x +
4 (1 +m), x  R, is always positive, is: [JEE Mains 2019]
(A) 3 (B) 8 (C) 7 (D) 6
Q.36 If one real root of the quadratic equation 81x2 + kx + 256 = 0 is cube of the other root, then a value of
k is : [JEE Mains 2019]
(A) –81 (B) 100 (C) 144 (D) –300
Q.37 The value of  such that sum of the squares of the roots of the quadratic equation,
x2 + (3 – ) x + 2 = has the least value is: [JEE Mains 2019]
15 4
(A) (B) 1 (C) (D) 2
8 9
Q.38 If both the roots of the quadratic equation x2 – mx + 4 = 0 are real and distinct and they lie in the interval
[1, 5], then m lies in the interval : [JEE Mains 2019]
(A) (4, 5) (B) (3, 4) (C) (5, 6) (D) (–5, –4)
Q.39 Let  and  be two roots of the equation x2 + 2x + 2 = 0, then 15 + 15 is equal to
[JEE Mains 2019]
(A) 256 (B) 512 (C) 512 (D) 256
Q.40 The number of all possible positive integral values of  for which the roots of the quadratic equation,
6x2 – 11x +  = 0are rational numbers is: [JEE Mains 2019]
(A) 2 (B) 5 (C) 3 (D) 4
Q.41 Consider the quadratic equation (c–5)x2 – 2 cx + (c – 4) = 0, c  5. Let S be the set of all integral values
of c for which one root of the equation lies in the interval (0,2) and its other root lies in the interval
(2, 3). Then the number of elements in S is: [JEE Mains 2019]
(A) 11 (B) 18 (C) 10 (D) 12
Q.42 Let  and be the roots of the quadratic equation x 2 sin   x(sin  cos   1)  cos   0
 n  1n 

 0    45  , and    . Then     n  is equal to:- [JEE Mains 2019]

n 0   
1 1 1 1
(A)  (B) 
1  cos  1  sin  1  cos  1  sin 
1 1 1 1
(C)  (D) 
1  cos  1  sin  1  cos  1  sin 
Q.43 If  be the ratio of the roots of the quadratic equation in x, 3m2x2+m(m-4)x+2=0, then the least value of
1
m for which    1 , is: [JEE Mains 2019]

(A) 2  3 (B) 4  3 2 (C) 2  2 (D) 4  2 3
ANSWER KEY
ELEMENTARY EXERCISES
Exercise From Hall & Knight Book
IX (a)
2
1. 35x + 13x – 12 = 0 2. mnx2 + (n2 – m2)x – mn = 0
3. (p2 – q2)x2 + 4pqx – p2 + q2 = 0 4. x2 – 14x + 29 = 0
5. x2 + 10x + 13 = 0 6. x2 + 2px + p2 – 8q = 0
7. x2 + 6x + 34 = 0 8. x2 + 2ax + a2 + b2 = 0
9. x2 + a2 – 2ab + b2 = 0 10. 6x3 + 11x2 – 19x + 6 = 0
11. 2ax3 + (4 – a2) x2 – 2ax = 0 12. x3 – 8x2 + 17x – 4 = 0
14. 3, 5
10 ab b 2  2ac bc4 (3ac  b2 )
15. 2,  16. 18. 19.
9 ab c2 a7
b 2 (b 2  4ac)
20. 21. 7 22. – 15 23. 0
a 2c2
2 2 2 2
b 2  2ac b(b 2  3ac)
24. x – 2(p – 2q) x + p (p – 4q) = 0 26. (1) ; (2)
a 2c2 a 3c 3
27. nb2 = (1 + n)2 ac 28. a2c2x2 – (b2 – 2ac) (a2 + c2)x + (b2 – 2ac)2 = 0
2 2 2 2
29. x – 4mnx – (m – n ) = 0
IX (b)
1. 2 and –2 5. bx2 – 2ax + a = 0
p(p 2  4q)(p 2  q) p 4  4p 2q  2q 2 1
6. (1) ; (2) 11.
q q4 3
IX (c)
1. –2 2. ±7
5. (l n  l n) 2  (lm  l m)(mn  mn) 7. (aa   bb) 2  4(ha   h b)(hb  ha)  0
10. (bb  2ac  2a c) 2  (b 2  4ac)(b2  4a c) ; which reduces to (ac  a c)2  (ab  a b)(bc  bc)
Exercise From PRILEPKO Book

26. a = 20 ± 6 5 27. k1 = – 22/3, k2 = 2 28. a = 4.
29. For all m  (1/4, + ) 30. For all m   , 1/ 2   1/ 2,  
31. For all m   , 1/ 7   1,   32. For all c   2, 4 
33. k = 13 34. a = ±2 35. a  10.
36. k  4. 37. 28 x2 – 20 x + 1 = 0 38.  3, 5 .
39. 0, 1/ 2. 40. k=3 41. k=3
42. a1 = –2, a2 = 1. 43. for all a   6, 3 . 44. 4, 3,3, 4 .

45. a = –4 46. a1 = –3/2, a2 = 6 47. a1 = 2, a2 = 9/2
48. {2, 18} for a = 6,{2/19, 18/19} for a = – 6/19
49. a1 = -125/8, a2 = 27/8 50. p   51. k  3 5
52. a1 = 3/2, a2 = 3. 53. b = – 13 54. p=0
55. a=2 56. a1 = 1/2, a2 = 1.
57. p1 = 0, q1 = 0; p2 = 1, q2 = –2. 58. a = – 2.
59. m=–2 60. c < 0. 61. x13  x 32  3pq  p3
62. x13  x 32  a  a 2  18a  9  / 27 63. 215/27.
1 1 27a 3  38a  17 
64.    . 65. a   2, 
x13 x 32 8  4
 15 
66. For all p   3,  67. for all a   , 6  68. for all a   6,  
 4
69. for all a   5 / 3,   70. k = 5.
INEQUALITIES QUESTIONS From PRILEPKO Book
27. (1, 2)  (2, 3) 28. (–1/4, 5/6) 29. (–, 3/2)  (7/3, +)
30. (–, +) 31. (2, 3) 32. (–3, 1)
33. (–, –2)  (–2, –1)  (1, +) 34. (–, –2)  (–2, –1/2)  (1, +)
35. (–2, –1) (1, 2) 36. [–3, 3] 37. (–, 2)  (5, +)
38. (–, 1)  (3/2, +) 39. (–,5/2)  (33/8, +) 40. (–6, 3)
41. (–, 0)  (4, +) 42. (–7, –3) 43. (–17/25, –3/8)
44. (–, –5)  (5, +) 45. (–, 1)  (4, +) 46. (–3, 1)
47. (–, 0)  (3, +) 48. (–, 3)  (4, +) 49. (–, +)
50. (–1, 5) 51. (5/2, 8) 52. (2, 3)
53. (–, –1)  (5, +) 54. (–, –1)  (1/3, +) 55. (–1/2, 2)
56. (–, –20)  (23, +) 57. (–2, +) 58. (–1, 0)  (4, +)
59. (–5, –2) (–2/3, +) 60.  ,  2   
22  / 3   2  22  / 3, 5 / 2 
61. (–17/2, –3)  (1, +) 62. (–, –3)  (3, +) 63. [1, 3]  (5, +)
64. (–, –1/ 3 2 )  (0, +) 65. (–, 6)  [–2, 0)  (3, +)
66. (2, 3)  (5, 6) 67. (1, 7) 68. (–6, 3)
69. (–5, 1)  {3} 70. (–1, +) 71. (–9/2, –2)  (3, +)
72. (–1, 1)  (4, 6) 73.   1  21  / 2,  21  1 / 2 
74. (1/2, 3) 75. (–, –1)  (4, +) 76. (–, –5/2)  (–2, 8)
77. (3/4, 1)  (7, +) 78. (–1, 0)  (0, 1) 79. (–5, 1)
80. (–, –4)  (–3, 3)  (6, +)
81. (–, – 7 )  (–2, 7 ) [8/3, +)
 63   63 
82.  ,     3,   (4,  ) 83. [1, 2)  (3,4]
 2   2 
84. (– 2 , –1)  (–1, 2 )  [3, 4)
85. (–, – 7 / 2 )  (–1, 7 / 2 )  (4/3, +)
86.   11   
737  / 28, 4 / 7  737  11 / 28,1
87.  ,  10  (–1/2, 2/5)   10,   
88. (–, –2)  (–1, 4) 89. (–, –1)  (1, )
90. (–, –2)  (–1, 0)  (1/2, +) 91. (–, 0)  (1, 2)  (3, +)
92. (–, –5)  (1, 2)  (6, +) 93. (–, –1) (0, 1/2)  (1, +)
94. (–, 0)  (1, 6) 95. (1, 2)  (7, +)
96. (–, –3)  (–2, 3) 97.  2, 0   1, 2   (2,  )
98. (–5, 1)  (2, 3) 99. (–, –2)  (–1, 3)  (4, +)
EXERCISE–I
Q.1 a = 2, b = – 11, c = 4, d = – 1 Q.2 2x2 + 2x cos (A  B)  2 Q.3 254
 1
Q.5 5 Q.6 a    ,   Q.7 6 Q.8 191 Q.9 0
 2
Q.10 0 or 24 Q.13 (a) (ii) and (iv) ; (b) x2  p(p4  5p2q + 5q2) x + p2q2(p2  4q) (p2  q) = 0
 3 3   5 
Q.14  ,  Q.15 x2 – 4x + 1 = 0; = tan   ;  = tan   Q.16 20 Q.17 4
 4 2  12   12 
 1 5 1
Q.18  2 < a < 1 Q.19 277 Q.20 –6 Q.21 m   0,  Q.24 x=
 4 2
Q.25 ymin = 6
EXERCISE–II
Q.1 –1, 0, 1 Q.2 (a) x = 1; (b) x=2 or 5; (c) x=  1 or 1; (d) x 1 or x=  3; (e) x =(1 2 ) a or ( 6 1)a
Q.3 30 Q.4 3y3 – 9y2– 3y + 1 = 0; ( – 2)( – 2)( – 2)=3 Q.5 146
Q.6  
2 2  1 where x = 2 Q.7 1338 Q.8 a = 1 – 2 or 5 + 10 Q.9 k = 86
Q.10 (– , – 2]  [ 0, 1) (2, 4) (5, )
   1
11
Q.11 a   14 , 1 Q.12 2 2  a  Q.13    ,   {2}  (5, 6] Q.14 K  1
3  4
14 
Q.15 P (1) = 4 Q.16  ,14   {4}   ,   Q.17 (0, 8] Q.18 [1,  )
3 
Q.19 (A) Q, R; (B) P, R; (C) S; (D) R Q.20 (A) P, S ; (B) P, S ; (C) P, S ; (D) P, S
EXERCISE–III
 1 1 1 5 1 5
x   ,   8 ,16 
1
Q.1 Q.2  x  10 Q.3 1 < x < or <x<2
 16 8 
9
10 2 2
Q.4 2 2
< x < 2-1 ; 1 < x < 2 2 Q.5 (,  2.5)  (0, )
Q.6 0 < x < 31/1– log3 (where base of log is 2) Q.7 2<x<1, 1<x<0, 0<x<1, x>2
1 2 1
Q.8 x < 7 , 5 < x  2 , x  4 Q.9 <x<1 Q.10 x ; x2
2 3 2
 1
K   0,   2,8  128,   Q.13
5
Q.11 ymax = 216 Q.12 a
 8 2
Q.14  
x  3 , 5  3  7 ,   Q.15  ,2 2     12 ,0    0, 12   2 2,  
EXERCISE–IV
Q. 1  Q. 2 (i) A (ii) A Q.3 (a, b) Q.4 (a) C, (b) B, (c) D

Q.5  =  and  =  or  =  and  = 2
2 2 2 Q.6 B Q.7 a>1
     3 
Q.8 (a) D ; (b) A Q.9  2 ,  10    10 , 2 
Q.10 (a) A, (b) 1210
  
Q.11 (a) D, (b) (A) P, R, S; (B) Q, S; (C) Q, S; (D) P, R, S Q.12 B Q.13 2
Q. 14 B Q. 15 B Q. 16 C Q. 17 B
Q. 18 A Q. 19 C Q. 20 A Q. 21 D
Q. 22 A, D Q. 23 C Q.24 D Q.25 A
Q.26 D Q.27 D Q.28 D Q.29 D Q.30 D
Q.31 B Q.32 A Q.33 C Q.34 C Q.35 C
Q.36 D Q.37 D Q.38 (Bonus/A) Q.39 A Q.40 C
Q.41 A Q.42 A Q.43 B

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EMERGE

(JEE MAIN & ADVANCED)

Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6

8. MAXIMUM & MINIMUM VALUE of y = ax² + bx + c occurs at x =  (b/2a) according as ;

9. COMMON ROOTS OF 2 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS [ONLY ONE COMMON ROOT] :

a ² + b+ c = 0 ; a² + b + c = 0. By Cramer’s Rule 2  1

13. LOGARITHMIC INEQUALITIES

1. Solve the following equations :

b  b 2  4ac 3  7i  [(3  7i)]2  4(2)(9i  3) 3  7i  9  49i 2  42i  72i  24

 b  b 2  4ac 2  ( 2)2  4( 3)(3 3) 2  2  36 2  34 2  34i

3. Solve the equation : 4x2 – 16ix – 15 = 0

4. Solve the equation x(x + 1)2 (x + 2) = 72.

18. Solve the equation x4 – 3x3 – 2x2 – 3x + 1 = 0

20. Find the number of real roots of the equation

12. Shew that if x is real, the expression

7. Find the condition that the expressions

Exercise From PRILEPKO Book

INEQUALITIES QUESTIONS From PRILEPKO Book

27. (x  1)(3  x)(x  2) 2  0 . 5x  6

Q.2 If (x2  x cos (A + B) + 1) is a factor of the expression,

Q.12 If by eleminating x between the equation x² + ax + b = 0 & xy+ l (x + y) + m = 0, a quadratic in y is

Q.16 Find the product of the real roots of the equation,

Q.20 Suppose a, b, c  I such that greatest common divisor of x2 + ax + b and x2 + bx + c is (x + 1) and

Q.2 Solve the following where x  R.

Q.5 Suppose a cubic polynomial f (x) = x3 + px2 + qx + 72 is divisible by both x2 + ax + b and

Q.13 At what values of 'a' do all the zeroes of the function,

MATCH THE COLUMN (one to many & Many to one):

Q.5 log1/5 (2x2 + 5x + 1) < 0. Q.6 log1/2 x + log3 x > 1.

Q.7 logx² (2 + x) < 1 Q.8 (logx+62) . log2 (x2  x  2)  1

Q.14 Solve the inequality log ( x 2  10 x  22)  0 .

Q.6 The set of all real numbers x for which x2 – |x + 2| + x > 0, is

ASSERTION & REASON:

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

Q.25 If a 4 = 28, then p + 2q =

Q.28 Let S = {x  R : x  0 and 2 x – 3 + x  

26 212 212 212

(A) (4, 5) (B) (3, 4) (C) (5, 6) (D) (–5, –4)

 0    45  , and    . Then     n  is equal to:- [JEE Mains 2019]

Exercise From PRILEPKO Book

42. a1 = –2, a2 = 1. 43. for all a   6, 3 . 44. 4, 3,3, 4 .

62. x13  x 32  a  a 2  18a  9  / 27 63. 215/27.

Q. 1  Q. 2 (i) A (ii) A Q.3 (a, b) Q.4 (a) C, (b) B, (c) D

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