FIBER OPTIC SENSORS

This presentation presents an overview of fiber optic sensor

technology ,basic classifications of optic sensors, the basic
functions of optical fiber sensors and also discusses the two
important fiber optic sensors , namely the Mach - Zehnder
interferometric fiber sensor and the fiber optic gyroscope.
 INTRODUCTION

 The field of measurement and instrumentation and

particular sensor development is one of that has expanded
rapidly in recent years.
 The need of high quality sensors to be integrated into
measurement and control system is clear.
 In parallel with rapid advance in the development of
sensors based on micro electronics, those based on optical
techniques have expanded significantly over last few
years.
 FIBER OPTIC SENSOR

 A fiber optic sensor is a sensor

that uses optical fiber as the
sensing element.
 The basic components are
simple. Light is taken to
modulation region using a fiber
and modulated there by physical
or chemical phenomena and
modulated light is transmitted
back to a receiver; detected and The fiber optic sensor
demodulated
 EXTRINSIC FIBER OPTIC SENSOR

 Extrinsic fiber sensors are the ones

where the light signal modulation
occurs outside the optical fiber
and are delivered by optical fiber,
the light transmission depends on
the alignment of the fiber cores i.e.
input fiber core and the output
fiber core.
 The light is detected by a light
detector, any deviation of fiber
pair from perfect alignment is
immediately sensed by the The extrinsic fiber optic sensor
detector.
INTRINSIC FIBER OPTIC SENSOR

 In intrinsic sensors the

physical parameter changes
some characteristic of the
propagating light beam
that is sensed. here the
optical fiber itself works as
transducer only a simple
source and a detector is
used.
The intrinsic fiber optic sensor
IMPORTANT FIBER SENSORS
The Two important types of fiber sensors are :-
Mach-Zehnder Interferometric Sensor
&
Fiber Optic Gyroscope
 Mach-Zehnder Interferometric Sensor

 Mach-Zehnder interferometer is
the most sensitive arrangements
for a optic sensor used when
extreme sensitivity is required.
 A collimated beam is passed
through a fiber optic coupler
which splits the beam in two equal
amplitudes.
 The two beams are then passed to
second mirror, through two arms
the output from the second mirror
enter the two detectors where
they are sense and detected. The Mach-Zehnder interferometric
sensor
 Fiber optic gyroscope

 The principle of operation of fiber

optic gyroscope is based on sagnac
effect. It senses the orientation,
performing the function of a
mechanical gyroscope.
 Due to sagnac effect, the beam
travelling against the rotation
experiences a slightly shorter path
delay than the other beam, the time
taken by the beams are different. This
difference in phase shift results in
change of intensity which is measured
The Fiber optic gyroscope
through interferometer.
 Conclusion

 A brief overview of fiber optic sensors and its types

are given this presentation.
 The major two types of optic sensors viz., the Mach-
Zehnder interferometric sensor and the fiber optic
gyroscope are also discussed.
 References

 Fiber optic sensor

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiber_optic_sensor
 Mach-Zehnder interferometric sensor
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MachZehnder_interfero
meter
 Fiber optic gyroscope
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibre_optic_gyroscope