DATA SHEET

DETERMINATION OF TOTAL HARDNESS

Date Tested : 16 / 08 / 2020

Tested By : Mr. Pawankumar Pawara

Project Name : Virtual Lab

Sample Number :2
Sample Location : NA
Sample Description : Ground water

TABULATION
TABLE-1: CaCO3 equivalent to 1 ml of EDTA

Sr. Burette Reading (ml) Volume of EDTA

Volume of Calcium
Initial Value Final Value (ml)
No. Carbonate Solution
(ml)
1. 10 0 10.2 10.2

CaCO3 equivalent to 1 ml of EDTA = Volume of CaCO3

Volume of EDTA

CaCO3 equivalent to 1 ml of EDTA = 0.98

TABLE – 2: Sample Titration

Volume of Burette Reading (ml) Volume of CaCO3

Sr.
Sample (ml) EDTA (ml) equivalent to 1
No. Initial Final
ml of EDTA
1. 100 0 4.9 4.9 0.98

Specimen Calculation:

Volume of EDTA = 4.9 ml

Normality of EDTA = 0.02 N
Volume of Sample = 100 ml
Equivalent weight of CaCO3 = 50

Total Hardness = Volume of EDTA * N * 50 * 1000

Volume of sample taken
Total Hardness = 49 mg/l

INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS
The Total Hardness of the given sample of water = 49 mg/l.

INFERENCE
Hardness is the property which makes water to form an insoluble precipitate with soap and is
primarily due to the presence of calcium and magnesium ions. Hard waters have no known
adverse health effects and may be more palatable than soft waters. Hard water is primarily of
concern because it requires more soap for effective cleaning, causes yellowing of fabrics,
toughens vegetables cooked in the water and forms scales in boilers, water heaters, pipes and
cooking utensils. The hardness of good quality water should not exceed 250 mg/L measured
as calcium carbonate equivalents. Waters softer than 30 to 50 mg/L may be corrosive to piping
depending on pH, alkalinity and dissolved oxygen.

The limit of hardness as per BIS standards is 300 mg/l. Total hardness of given water sample
is 49 mg/l. It is within the BIS standard range and safe for use.
PROCEDURE