ASSIGNMENT 1:

BUILDING MATERIALS AND

USES

NAME: AAKARSHIT JAIN

B.ARCH 1st YEAR (DAY)
BUILDING MATERIALS AND SCIENCES
 MATERIAL CATERGORY DIMENSION UNIT
Terrazzo Tiles Tertiary Square feet Rs. 40/sq. feet

Selling unit: sold as per square feet. Some are as per packs of six or 12.

Base element: chips of marble, quartz, granite, glass, binder

Production: pieces of marble, quartz, glass are mixed with binder and given as square or rectangular shape.

Variety: glass cement, Glass cement, marble cement (sand).

PHOTO (AS MATERIAL) PHOTO (AS USED)

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Mild Steel Tertiary ton/quintal Kg/sheet Rs. 400-800/sheet

Selling unit: sold in kg or in sheets

Base element: iron and carbon, low alloy steel.
Production: Called primary steel making oxygen is blown through carbon rich and molten pig iron
smelted in blast furnace, where impurities removed and carbon added.

PHOTO (AS MATERIAL) PHOTO (AS MATERIAL)

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Limestone Primary Per quintal Rs. 600/quintal

Selling unit: per quintal in wholesale per kilogram in retail.

Base element: calcium, oxygen, hydrogen
Production : The limestone is burnt in a kiln break down into calcium oxide i.e. CaO quicklime.
Variety: quick, slaked lime, hydraulic lime, fat lime.

PHOTO (AS MATERIAL) PHOTO (AS MATERIAL)

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Steel Secondary Ton/quintal Rs.4450/quintal

Selling unit: generally sold in ton and quintal but in retail, sold in square feet.
Base elemtn: manganese, nickel, chromium, boron, titanium, cobalt, tungsten,, phosphorus,
sulfur, oxygen.
Production: starts with removing impurities from iron ore such as, nitrogen, silicon, carbon then
adding manganese, nickel, chromium, vanadium to produce a grade of steel.

PHOTO (AS MATERIAL) PHOTO (AS MATERIAL)

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PVC Tertiary Per piece Rs. 110/piece

Selling unit: sold as per piece of loft each transported as per order.
Base element: carbon, hydrogen, chlorine
Production: produced by polymerization method of vinyl chloride monomer to pressurized then
liquefied

PHOTO (AS MATERIAL) PHOTO (AS MATERIAL)

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Stainless steel Tertiary kg Rs. 170/kg

Selling unit: sold in kgs, also in pieces.

Base element: iron alloys, 10.5% chromium, for toughness nickel, cobalt is used.
Production process: iron ore to nickel calcium, Si, Cr, then melted in electric furnace then
packed and shipped
Variety: our utensils, used in building type

PHOTO (AS MATERIAL) PHOTO (AS USED )

MATERIAL CATERGORY DIMENSION UNIT

Bamboo Primary Per piece Rs. 50-90 per piece

Selling as unit: as per piece. It is a plant.

Variety: climbing bamboo, hill cane, and River cane.
Use: building houses, medical purposes and other accessories.

PHOTO (AS MATERIAL) PHOTO (AS USED )

 MATERIAL CATERGORY DIMENSION UNIT COST
Granite Primary Per square feet Rs. 6000/100 ft.

Base element type of felsic intrusive igneous rock that is granular.

Production process naturally found in stone form taken to factory, larger stones cut into slabs.
Variety: red granite, green granite, black granite.

PHOTO (AS MATERIAL) PHOTO (AS USE)

MATERIAL CATERGORY DIMENSION UNIT
Soil Primary Per quintal or kg Rs. 350 per quintal

Transportation unit is per trolley

Production process is just that its naturally made.
Variety: clay, sandy, silty, peaty, chalky, loamy.

PHOTO (AS MATERIAL) PHOTO (AS USE)

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Copper Secondary Tons/quintal Rs. 3340 per quintal

Selling unit: sold as per quintal or metric ton and cost is Rs. 3,33,500 per metric ton.
Production: present in sulfide ores, obtained by directly smelting ore in furnace. They result in
high loss of copper. Collected by froth floatation process, these are major step in copper
extraction.

PHOTO (AS MATERIAL) PHOTO (AS USE)

MATERIAL CATERGORY DIMENSION UNIT

 Mosaic tiles Tertiary Per square feet/packs Rs. 360-70 per square
feet
Selling unit: sold as per square feet and also in packs.
Base element: naturally clay sand, small, flat, rough square pieces of stone glass called tesserae;
some are rounded stone called pebble mosaic. They consist of two layering, the pacing and the
backing layers.

PHOTO (AS MATERIAL) PHOTO (AS USE)

MATERIAL CATERGORY DIMENSION UNIT

 Sand Primary Per ton or kg Rs. 00 per quintal

Base elements: sold as per ton. Transported per truck load.

Some sands contain magnetite, chlorite, glauconiteor gypsum. Sands rich in magnetite are dark to
black in color, as are sands derived from volcanic basalts and obsidian. Chlorite-glauconite bearing
sands are typically green in color, as are sands derived
Variety: pit sand, river rsand, quartz sand, silica sand etc.

PHOTO (AS MATERIAL) PHOTO (AS USE)

MATERIAL CATERGORY DIMENSION UNIT

Sand stone Primary Per square feet Rs. 600-750/ sq. ft.

Transportation: as per customer order.

Base elements: consist of two components:- a framework composed of sand sized grain. And
interstitial volume between grains.
Production: cutting and shaping naturally occurring stone and then passed to finishing station.
Types: red sand stone, white sand stone.

PHOTO (AS MATERIAL) PHOTO (AS USE)

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Mica Primary Sq. feet/ sheet Rs. 400-600 per sheet

Base elements: silicate minerals, monoclinic to pseudo hexagonal crystals.

Production process: extraction of mica crystals then grading then cutting and finally splitting.
Variety: two types of mica:- muscovite which is hydrated phyllosilicate minerals and phlogopite
which is yellow , greenish, red and brown.

PHOTO (AS MATERIAL) PHOTO (AS USE)

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Brick Tertiary 230X115X75 Rs. 5-12 per piece

Base elements: clay, sand, lime, concrete

Production: mixing then extrusion then cutting followed by framing and finally firing in kiln.
Transportation: per trolley or truck.
Variety: burnt clay brick, sand lime brick, concrete brick, clay brick.

PHOTO (AS MATERIAL) PHOTO (AS USE)

MATERIAL CATERGORY DIMENSION UNIT
Putty Tertiary kgs Rs. 20-25 per kg

Base elements: finely powdered calcium carbonate and boiled linseed oil.
Selling unit: sold in kg or bag of 20kg or 40kg available.
Variety: JK wall putty, Birla putty, Asian putty.

PHOTO (AS MATERIAL) PHOTO (AS USE)

 MATERIAL CATERGORY DIMENSION UNIT
Iron Tertiary kgs Rs. 20-25 per kg

Selling unit: sold in quintal and also in kgs.

Production process: first reduction of iron ore takes place which is a mixture of oxide, then it is
blasted in furnace and finally separate pure iron is obtained.
Variety: pure iron, wrought iron and cast iron

PHOTO (AS MATERIAL) PHOTO (AS USE)

MATERIAL CATERGORY DIMENSION UNIT
CPCV Tertiary Per feet Rs. 300 per feet

Selling unit: sold as per piece for 10 feet.

Base elements: carbon, hydrogen, chlorine
Production: chlorination then free radical reaction followed by additives in resin and finally
processed to form CPVC.

PHOTO (AS MATERIAL) PHOTO (AS USE)

MATERIAL CATERGORY DIMENSION UNIT
Glazed tiles Tertiary Per square feet Rs. 50-60 per sq. feet

Selling unit: sold as square feet. Some are as packs

Base elements: this is basically a ceramic tile and it is made of ceramic, sand, water, natural
clay.
Production: raw materials added then shaped and then finally baked in kiln.

PHOTO (AS MATERIAL) PHOTO (AS USE)

MATERIAL CATERGORY DIMENSION UNIT
Glazed tiles Tertiary Per kg or quintal Rs. 337 per bag

Selling unit: sold in kgs or in quintals.

Base element: cement and sand.
Process: simple mixing of cement, sand and water.
Mixing ratio depend on the grade that we want. Generally it is 1:2:4 as cement : sand :
aggregate

PHOTO (AS MATERIAL) PHOTO (AS USE)

MATERIAL CATERGORY DIMENSION UNIT
Glazed tiles Tertiary Per kg or quintal Rs. 337 per bag

Selling unit: sold in kgs and quintals.

Base element : cement , sand, gravel
Production process :mixing with cement, sand, gravel
The ratio depends on the grade we want.
Cement : sand: gravel in ratio of 1:3:3and 1:1:2

PHOTO (AS MATERIAL) PHOTO (AS USE)

MATERIAL CATERGORY DIMENSION UNIT
Aluminum Secondary Per kg or quintal Rs. 60-65 per kg

Selling unit: sold in wholesome as per metric tons for about Rs.65000
In retail as kgs and quintals
Production Process: process present in bauxite ore and manufactured in two phases.
Then the bayer process of refining the bauxite ore.
Finally, the hall heroult process of smelting the aluminum oxide.

PHOTO (AS MATERIAL) PHOTO (AS USE)

MATERIAL CATERGORY DIMENSION UNIT
Marble Tertiary Per square feet Rs. 50-70 per square
feet
Selling unit: sold as per square feet.
Base element: metamorphic rock, recrystallized carbonate minerals
Production process: extraction then quarry followed by cutting then polishing, grinding and
then finally packing and shipping.
Variety: white marble, green marble, Calcutta marble and Verona marble.

PHOTO (AS MATERIAL) PHOTO (AS USE)

MATERIAL CATERGORY DIMENSION UNIT
Brass Secondary Per kgs Rs.300-500 per kg

Selling unit: sold in kg.

Base elements: it is an alloy of copper and zinc.
Production: mixture of metals or alloy brass when copper is amalgamated with zinc.
Variety: zinc alloy, copper alloy

PHOTO (AS MATERIAL) PHOTO (AS USE)

MATERIAL CATERGORY DIMENSION UNIT
Kota Stone Secondary Per square feet Rs.45 per sq. ft.

Transportation and Selling unit: sold as per square feet, transported as per order.
Base element: silica and lime, kota stone has much more strength.
Production process: extraction then cutting and polishing followed by grating surface and then
finally shipping.
Variety: kota blue, kota brown.

PHOTO (AS MATERIAL) PHOTO (AS USE)

 MATERIAL CATERGORY DIMENSION UNIT
Ceramic tiles Tertiary Per square feet Rs.40-70 per sq. ft.

Transportation and Selling unit: sold as per square feet, some as packs of 5-10 pieces.
Base elements: natural clay, sand and water.
Production process: material molded in square baked in kiln to remove moisture. It is then
polished and then finally packed.
Variety: flooring can be of porcelain or non-porcelain.

PHOTO (AS MATERIAL) PHOTO (AS USE)

 MATERIAL CATERGORY DIMENSION UNIT
Clay Primary Per quintal or kg Rs.30-90 per kg

Transportation and Selling unit:

It is sold as in per ton wholesale and per kgs in retail.
Production process: it is a natural process but some are manufactured artificially with scientific
material.
Variety: porcelain, stoneware or earthware.

PHOTO (AS MATERIAL) PHOTO (AS USE)