16 DIVISIONS 5 COMPOSITIONS OF CEMENT:

 Lime 1.6 – 65%

GSCMMWTD–FSEFSCME
 Silica 18 – 25%
1. General Requirements
 Alumina 3 – 8%
2. Site Construction
 Iron Oxide 3 – 5%
3. Concrete
4. Masonry  Magnesia 2 – 5%

5. Metals  Sulfur Trioxide 1 – 5%

6. Wood & Plastics
7. Thermal & Moisture Protection
TYPES OF AGGREGATE
8. Doors & Windows
 Fine Aggregate <1/4”
9. Finishes
 Coarse Aggregate > 1/4"
10. Specialties
 Graded Aggregate Particle Size
11. Equipment
12. Furnishings
13. Special Construction
TYPES OF CONCRETE (By Weight)
14. Conveying Systems
o Lightweight Concrete 150 pcf
15. Mechanical
o Structural Lightweight 85 – 115 pcf
16. Electrical
Concrete
o Insulating Concrete 60 pcf

o Lean Concrete Very low water content

PART 1 o Mass Concrete No Reinforcement

o High-Performance Above normal

BUILDING MATERIALS
Concrete
CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT o Ultra High-Performance Infras. Protection

Concrete
Types of Portland Cement:

 TYPE I: Normal
 TYPE II: Moderate
 TYPE III: High Early Strength
 TYPE IV: Low Heat
 TYPE V: Sulfate Resisting
 TYPES OF CONCRETE (By Setting-Out)
o Shotcrete/ Gunite By pneumatic hose

o Ferroconcrete Light gauge reinforcement

o Vacuum Concrete With steam to reduce bubbles

o Stamped Concrete Architecturally treated to replicate finishes

o Pervious Concrete Permeable

TYPE OF CONCRETE (By Composition)

o Limecrete Cement is replaced with lime

o Cellular/ Foam Concrete With air-entraining agent (cork granules)

o Glass-Reinforced Concrete With glass fibers for aesthetics

o Asphalt Concrete With bitumen

o Polymer Concrete With polymers

o Gypsum Concrete With gypsum

STRENGTH OF CONCRETE

4000 psi 28 MPa

CLASS AA
CLASS A 3500 psi 24 MPa

CLASS B 3000 psi 21 MPa

CLASS C 2500 psi 17 MPa

CLASS D 2000 psi 14 MPa

CLASSES OF CONCRETE APPLICATION

CLASS AA Retaining walls, underwater concrete

CLASS A Beams, footings, walls, arches, stairs
CLASS B Slab on fill, +100mm wall
CLASS C Plant boxes
CLASS D Mass concrete construction
CONCRETE DEFECTS TYPES OF SLUMP MIX

o Honeycomb
o Spalling
o Spalling
o Drying shrinkage
o Setting shrinkage

CONCRETE ADMIXTURES
STANDARD SLUMP HEIGHTS FOR
o Plasticizer
o Superplasticizer CONCRETE CONSISTENCY
o Retarder
o Air-Entraining Agent
o Synthetic Latex Emulsion
o Gas Forming Agent
o Accelerator
o Corrosion-Inhibiting Agent

METHODS OF CONCRETE TESTING

SLUMP TEST Workability

COMPRESSION TEST Compression

AIR CONTENT TEST Strength

TEMPERATURE TEST Curing Speed

PARTS OF CMU CLASSIFICATIONS OF ROCK

SEDIMENTARY ROCK Deposition

METAMORPHIC ROCK Change in Structure

IGNEOUS ROCK Crystallization

TYPES OF SEDIMENTARY ROCK

• LIMESTONE Organic Remains

TYPES OF CMU
• TAVERTINE Hot Springs
o TYPE I: Specific Use • OOLITE “Fish Roe/Eggs”
o TYPE II: Not Specific Use • SANDSTONE Quartz
• BLUESTONE Thin Slabs
GRADES OF CMU
• SOAPSTONE With Talc
o GRADE N: General Use
o GRADE S: Limited Use
TYPES OF METAMORPHIC ROCK

• MARBLE Crystallized Limestone

SPECIFICATIONS OF BRICK • SLATE Compressed Sediments

• QUARTZITE Quartz from Sandstone

• GNEISS Arranged in Layers

TYPES OF IGNEOUS ROCK

• GRANITE Colored Minerals

• OBSIDIAN Volcanic Glass
GRADES OF BRICK • MALACHITE Ornamental Articles
• SERPENTINE Green Mineral
MORTAR, STUCCO, PLASTER 5 CATEGORIES OF METAL

MORTAR Jointing Use • BASE METALS

• FERROUS IX-FERROUS METALS
STUCCO Decorative Use
• NOBLE METALS
PLASTER Finishing Use • PRECIOUS METALS
• HEAVY METALS

TYPES OF MORTAR
BASE METALS
• CEMENT MORTAR
• IRON
• CEMENT-LIME MORTAR
• NICKEL
• EPOXY MORTAR
• LEAD
• NON-STAINING MORTAR
• ZINC
• LIME MORTAR
• COPPER
• GREEN MORTAR
• FAT-MIX MORTAR
FERROUS & NON-FERROUS METALS
• LEAN-MIX MORTAR

SPECIFICATIONS OF MORTAR

TYPE M: High strength

TYPE S: Medium-high strength

TYPE N: Medium strength

TYPE O: Low strength

NOBLE METALS
TYPE K: Very low strength • GOLD
• PLATINUM
• SILVER
• RHODIUM
• IRIDIUM
• PALLADIUM
 PRECIOUS METALS PARTS OF WOOD
• GOLD
• PLATINUM
• SILVER
• PALLADIUM
• RUTHENIUM
• OSMIUM

HEAVY METALS
• ARSENIC
• ANTIMONY

REINFORCEMENT BARS

TYPES OF WOOD

WOOD VS. LUMBER VS. TIMBER

CLASSIFICATION OF WOOD DEFECT
WOOD DEFECTS (Due to Natural WOOD DEFECTS (Due to Seasoning)
Forces) • WARP
• CHEMICAL STAIN • CHECK
• RIND GALLS • SPLIT
• COARSE GRAIN • HONEYCOMBING
• KNOTS
• DEADWOOD
• DRUXINESS TYPES OF WOOD WARP
• SHAKES
• TWISTED FIBERS
• UPSETS
• BURLS
• PITCHPOCKET
WOOD DEFECTS (Due to Fungi)
• BLUE STAIN
• BROWN ROT
• DRY ROT
• HEART ROT
• WET ROT
• WHITE ROT
TYPES OF WOOD SHAKE
WOOD DEFECTS (Due to Insects)
• BEETLES
• MARINE BOARERS
• TERMITES
WOOD DEFECTS (Due to Conversion)
• CHIP MARK
• WANE
• DIAGONAL GRAIN
• TORN GRAIN
TYPES OF WOOD KNOT TYPES OF LUMBER (By Seasoning)

TYPES OF LUMBER (By Factory

Manufacturing)
METHODS OF WOOD SAWING

KINDS OF LUMBER

• SEASONED LUMBER WOOD PRODUCTS

• YARD LUMBER
• GLULAM
• DIMENSION LUMBER
• PLYWOOD
• APPEARANCE LUMBER
• HARDBOARD
• FACTORY LUMBER
• CHIPBOARD
• TREATED LUMBER
• PARTICLE BOARD STRAWBOARD
TYPES OF LUMBER (By Surface) • CORKBOARD
• FIBERBOARD
• WOOD-PLASTIC COMPOSITE
• FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITE
• I-JOIST COMPOSITE
• ORIENTED STRAND BOARD
GRADES OF SOFTWOOD VENEERS WOOD PRESERVATIVES

N-GRADE No or little defects • FIRE-RETARDANT SPRAY

• CHROMATED COPPER ARSENATE
A-GRADE Neatly made repairs
(CCA)
Circular repair plugs, tight
8-GRADE • COAL-TAR CREOSOTE
knots, and splits
• LIGHT ORGANIC SOLVENT PRES.
C-GRADE Discoloration and sanding
(LOSP)
D-GRADE Large knots, pitch pockets
• WOOD ACETYLATION
• PRESSURE PROCESSING
• PENTHACHLOROPHENOL
MICRONIZED COPPER
GRADES OF HARDWOOD VENEERS
TECHNOLOGY
• PREMIUM GRADE Highest grade, few burls, • COPPERNAPHTHENATE
pin knots
• BIFENTHRIN SPRAY PRES.
• GOOD GRADE No need for face

• SOUND GRADE Streaks, discoloration,

T TYPES OF PLASTIC
patches, tight knots
• NYLON
• UTILITY GRADE Streaks, discoloration,
• CELLULOSICS
patches, tight knots,
• POLYETHYLENE (PE)
• BACKING GRADE Large defects
• POLYSTYRENE
• POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC)
METHODS OF VENEER MATCHING POLYCARBONATE
• POLYPROPYLENE (PP)
• POLYBUTYLENE (PB)
• FLUOROPLASTICS
• ACROLONITRILE BUTADIENE STYRENE
(ABS) UNPLASTICIZED POLYVINYL
CHLORIDE (PVC)
WATERPROOFING VS. DAMP CONTRACTION JOINT

PROOFING
Prevents passage of water
Waterproofing to structure under
hydrostatic pressure

Prevents passage of water

Damp Proofing
to structure in the absence ISOLATION JOINT
of hydrostatic

JOINTS FOR THERMAL & MOISTURE

PROTECTION

CONSTRUCTION JOINT

WATERPROOFING CONCRETE
1. Impermeability Through a Dense
Concrete
2. Waterproofing Coatings and Washes
3. Integral Waterproofing Compounds
4. Membrane Waterproofing

EXPANSION JOINT
TYPES OF VAPOR BARRIER

• Aluminum Foil Sheets

• Paper-Backed Aluminum
Polyethylene Plastic Sheet Asphalt-
CONTROL JOINT Coated Kraft Paper Metallized Film
• Vapor Retarder Paints
• Extr. Polystyrene/ Foil-Faced Foam
Exterior Grade Plywood Monolithic
Roofing Membrane
• All Service Jacket (Asj) - Kraft Paper