454 Reviewing Mathematics

In the figure below, 䉭ABC and 䉭PQR are similar with Therefore,
m∠C = m∠R.
• All the sides are in the ratio of 3:1:
B BC = 3 × QR, AC = 3 × PR.
Q • The altitudes are in the ratio of 3:1:
6
2
BD = 3 × QS.
A C P R
D S
• The perimeters are in the ratio of 3:1:
— —
Then AB and PQ are corresponding sides, and the ratio Perimeter of 䉭ABC = 3 × (perimeter of 䉭PQR).
6
of similitude is = 3. • The areas are in the ratio of 9:1:
2
Area of 䉭ABC = 9 × (area of 䉭PQR).

Exercises on Triangles
Multiple-Choice Questions
2x°
50

30° x° 50° x°
50
1. In the triangle above, what is the value of x? 5. What is the value of x in the figure above?
(A) 20 (B) 30 (C) 40 (D) 50 (E) 60 (A) 80 (B) 100 (C) 115 (D) 120 (E) 130
2. What is the area of an equilateral triangle whose
altitude is 6? w° 50°
(A) 18 (B) 12 3 (C) 18 3 (D) 36
(E) 24 3
30°
3. Two sides of a right triangle are 12 and 13. Which
of the following could be the length of the third
side? 6. In the figure above, what is the value of w?
I. 5 II. 11 III. 313 (A) 100 (B) 110 (C) 120 (D) 130 (E) 140

(A) I only (B) II only (C) I and II only Questions 7 and 8 refer to the following figure.
(D) I and III only (E) I, II, and III
A B
P 4
E
ABCD is a rectangle.
5
20
D C
12

7. What is the area of 䉭BED?

Q R (A) 12 (B) 24 (C) 36 (D) 48 (E) 60
5 S 11
4. What is the value of PS in the triangle above?
(A) 5 2 (B) 10 (C) 11 (D) 13 (E) 12 2
 Exercises on Triangles 455

8. What is the perimeter of 䉭BED? 2x°

(A) 19 + 5 2 (B) 28 (C) 17 + 185
(D) 32 (E) 36
3y° x°

Questions 9 and 10 refer to the following figure.

13. Which of the following expresses a true relation-
D 7 ship between x and y in the figure above?
E
(A) y = 60 – x (B) y = x (C) x + y = 90
3 DEFG is a rectangle. (D) y = 180 – 3x (E) x = 90 – 3y
5

G F Questions 14 and 15 refer to the following figure, in

H which rectangle ABCD is divided into two 30-60-90 tri-
angles, a 45-45-90 triangle, and shaded triangle ABF.
9. What is the area of 䉭DFH?
(A) 3 (B) 4.5 (C) 6 (D) 7.5 (E) 10 A B
45°
10. What is the perimeter of 䉭DFH?
30°
(A) 8 + 41 (B) 8 + 58 (C) 16 (D) 17
45° F
(E) 18 60°
Questions 11 and 12 refer to the following figure.
60° 30°
A D C
1 E

14. What is the perimeter of shaded triangle ABF?

15
(A) 2 + 2 3 (B) 1 + 2 + 3
(C) 2 + 2 + 3 (D) 2 + 2 2 + 3
30°
B C (E) 2 2 + 2 3
9 D

11. What is the perimeter of 䉭ABC? 15. What is the area of shaded triangle ABF?
(A) 48 3 2 3 3 +1
(A) (B) 1 (C) (D)
(B) 48 + 12 2 2 3 2
(C) 48 + 12 3 (E) 2 ( 3 + 1)
(D) 72
(E) It cannot be determined from the information
given.
Grid-in Questions
12. What is the area of 䉭ABC? 16. If the difference between the
(A) 108 measures of the two smaller
(B) 54 + 72 2 angles of a right triangle is
20°, what is the measure, in
(C) 54 + 72 3 degrees, of the smallest angle? 0 0 0
(D) 198
1 1 1 1
(E) It cannot be determined from the information
2 2 2 2
given.
3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9
456 Reviewing Mathematics

Questions 17 and 18 refer to the figure below. 19. What is the smallest integer, x,
for which x, x + 5, and 2x – 15
A
can be the lengths of the sides
20 of a triangle?
0 0 0
15 D 1 1 1 1
B C 8 2 2 2 2
E 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5
17. What is the perimeter of 6 6 6 6
䉭ABC? 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9
0 0 0
1 1 1 1
20. If the measures of the
2 2 2 2
angles of a triangle are in
3 3 3 3
the ratio of 1:2:3, and if the
4 4 4 4
perimeter of the triangle is
5 5 5 5
30 + 10 3 , what is the length 0 0 0
6 6 6 6
of the smallest side? 1 1 1 1
7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 2 2 2 2
9 9 9 9 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5
18. What is the area of 䉭ABC? 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9
0 0 0
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9

Answer Key
1. D 4. D 7. B 10. B 13. A
2. B 5. C 8. D 11. C 14. E
3. D 6. B 9. B 12. C 15. B

16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

3 5 10 0 3 7 5 1 1 1 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9