NUMBER

SYSTEMS
FOR-IAN V. SANDOVAL
Learning Objectives
• Analyze the number systems handled by
digital computing devices to process data
• Convert decimal to binary
• Solve Binary Arithmetic
• Extend understanding of other number
systems (Octal and Hexadecimal)
Contents
• Decimal Number System
• Data Representation in Digital Computing
• Binary Number System
 • digital devices deals with numbers
• decimal number system for numerical
calculations
• number system used to represents
numerical data when using the computer

NUMBER SYSTEMS
 • Base 10 Number System
• The word “Decimal” comes or derived from
the Latin word “Ten”
• The numerals run from 0 to 9 {0, 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 6, 7, 8, 9}; these numerals are called
Arabic Numerals
• Radix is the other term for the base of
the number system

DECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM

 • Power of 10 may be expressed as 100 or 1,
101 or 10, 102 or 100, etc. and this is called
place value.
• Each digit in decimal number system is
called face value
• Example: The digit 3 in the decimal
integer 321 has a face value of 3 and
place value of 102.

DECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM

 • Decimal Integer is a string of decimal
digits.
• Example: 1234, 2509, etc.

DECIMAL INTEGER
 • Decimal Fraction is a string of decimal
digits with an embedded decimal point.
• Example: 1234.56, 2509.325 etc.
• In a decimal fraction, the place values to
the right of the decimal are expressed to
the negative powers of 10 such as 10-1 or
1/10 or 0.1, 10-2 or 1/100 or 0.01, etc.

DECIMAL FRACTION
 • Any decimal integer can be expressed as
the sum of each digit times the power of
ten. For example, 2509 can be expressed
as

EXPANDED NOTATION FOR DECIMAL INTEGER

 • Any decimal fraction may also be
expressed in expanded notation. For
example, 2509.325 can be expressed as

EXPANDED NOTATION FOR DECIMAL FRACTION

 • Data
• Data Representation
• Digitization
• Digital Revolution

DATA REPRESENTATION IN DIGITAL COMPUTING

DATA REPRESENTATION IN DIGITAL COMPUTING
 Representing Decimal Data by Binary Components

DATA REPRESENTATION IN DIGITAL COMPUTING

DATA REPRESENTATION IN DIGITAL COMPUTING
DATA REPRESENTATION IN DIGITAL COMPUTING
REPRESENTING NUMBERS
REPRESENTING TEXT
REPRESENTING TEXT
REPRESENTING TEXT
REPRESENTING TEXT – ASCII TABLE
REPRESENTING TEXT – EXTENDED ASCII CODES
REPRESENTING TEXT
 • Binary is derived from the Latin word for “Two”
• Two or 2 is the base for the binary number system
• It uses only two numerals (0 & 1); these are called
as BITS. A bit is a short term for binary digits.
• Zero or 0 represents the absence of an assigned
value
• One or 1 represents the presence of the
assigned value

BINARY NUMBER SYSTEM

BINARY NUMBER SYSTEM
 • binary numbers that do not have fractional part or
without an embedded binary point.
• Example: 1012 , 11102 , etc.

BINARY INTEGERS
 • binary numbers with an embedded binary point
• Example: 110.012 , 10110.0102 , etc.

BINARY FRACTIONS
 • Convert 6310 number system to binary number
system.

DECIMAL TO BINARY CONVERSIONS

 • Convert 6310 number system to binary number
system.

DECIMAL TO BINARY CONVERSIONS

 • Convert 10012 to decimal number system

BINARY TO DECIMAL CONVERSIONS OF INTEGERS

SEAT WORK ACTIVITY
 • Convert the decimal fraction 0.37510 to binary
fraction.

DECIMAL TO BINARY CONVERSIONS OF FRACTIONS

 • Convert the decimal fraction 0.37510 to binary
fraction.

DECIMAL TO BINARY CONVERSIONS OF FRACTIONS

 • The decimal fraction 0.810 is to be converted to its
binary equivalent.

NON-TERMINATION CONVERSIONS OF FRACTIONS

 • Convert the decimal number 24.62510 to its binary
equivalent.

DECIMAL TO BINARY
CONVERSIONS WITH INTEGRAL & FRACTIONAL PARTS
 • Convert the decimal number 24.62510 to its binary
equivalent.

DECIMAL TO BINARY
CONVERSIONS WITH INTEGRAL & FRACTIONAL PARTS
 • Convert the decimal number 24.62510 to its binary
equivalent.

DECIMAL TO BINARY
CONVERSIONS WITH INTEGRAL & FRACTIONAL PARTS
 • Convert the binary number 11.0112 to its decimal
equivalent.

BINARY TO DECIMAL
CONVERSIONS WITH INTEGRAL & FRACTIONAL PARTS
SEAT WORK ACTIVITY
 • Four possible combinations when adding these
two binary numbers:
0+0=0
0+1=1
1+0=1
1 + 1 = 0 plus a carry-over of 1

BINARY ADDITION
 C

BINARY ADDITION
 C

BINARY ADDITION
 • The table for binary subtraction is as follows:
0–0=0
1–1=0
1–0=1
0 – 1 = 0 with a barrow of 1

BINARY SUBTRACTION
BINARY SUBTRACTION
BINARY SUBTRACTION
BINARY SUBTRACTION
 • The table for binary multiplication is as follows:
0x0=0
0x1=0
1x0=0
1x1=1

BINARY MULTIPLICATION
BINARY MULTIPLICATION
 • The table for binary division is as follows:
0/0=0
0/1=0
1/1=1
1 / 0 = cannot be

BINARY DIVISION
BINARY DIVISION
BINARY DIVISION
BINARY DIVISION
SEAT WORK ACTIVITY
 • The table for binary division is as follows:
0/0=0
0/1=0
1/1=1
1 / 0 = cannot be

BINARY DIVISION
 • Octal is derived from the Greek word meaning
“eight”.
• The octal number system was adapted because of
the difficulty of dealing with long strings of binary
0s and 1s in converting them into decimals.
• The radix for the number system is 8.
• It uses 8 basic digits {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7}.

OCTAL NUMBER SYSTEM

 Power of Eight and its equivalent decimal value

OCTAL NUMBER SYSTEM

 Octal Number and its
equivalent Decimal
number

OCTAL NUMBER SYSTEM

 • Convert the decimal number 1910 to its equivalent
octal number.

DECIMAL TO OCTAL CONVERSION

 • Convert the octal number 4858 to its equivalent
decimal number.

OCTAL TO DECIMAL CONVERSION

 • Convert the octal number 7328 to its equivalent
binary number.

OCTAL TO BINARY CONVERSION

 • Convert the binary number 101101112 to its
equivalent octal number.

BINARY TO OCTAL CONVERSION

SEAT WORK ACTIVITY
 • The term “hexadecimal” is derived from the
combining Greek word “six” with the Latin word
“ten”.
• It uses 10 numerals {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 & 9} and
letter {A, B, C, D, E & F}.
• The radix of the number system is 16.

HEXADECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM

 Hexadecimal Number and
its equivalent Decimal
number

HEXADECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM

 Power of sixteen and its equivalent decimal value

HEXADECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM

 • Convert the decimal number 5910 to its equivalent
hexadecimal number.

DECIMAL TO HEXADECIMAL CONVERSION

 • Convert the hexadecimal number AD16 to its
equivalent decimal number.

HEXADECIMAL TO DECIMAL CONVERSION

 • Convert the hexadecimal number 1AC16 to its
equivalent binary number.

HEXADECIMAL TO BINARY CONVERSION

 • Convert the binary number 100111012 to its
equivalent hexadecimal number.

BINARY TO HEXADECIMAL CONVERSION

SEAT WORK ACTIVITY
REFERENCES

Byte-Notes (n.d.). Number System in Computer. Retrieved from https://byte-notes.com/number-system-

computer/.

Cook, D. (n.d.). Number Systems. Retrieved from https://www.robotroom.com/NumberSystems.html.

GeeksforGeeks (n.d.). Number System and Base Conversion. Retrieved from

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/number-system-and-base-conversions/.

Mendelson, E. (2008). Number Systems and the Foundation of Analysis. New York: Dover Publications, Inc.

TutorialPoints (n.d.). Number System Conversion. Retrieved from

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_logical_organization/number_system_conversion.htm