SEPTEMBER 27th, 2018

BENEMÉRITA
UNIVERSIDAD
AUTÓNOMA DE PUEBLA
FACULTY OF ING. CHEMISTRY

SCHOOL OF ING. IN FOOD

FOOD ING LABORATORY

TUBE AND HEAD EXCHANGER

STUDENTS:
Jonathan Simón Cortes 201454594 jonsim_p13@hotmail.com
Verónica Ruíz Pérez 201547265 vero-ruiz@live.com.mx
Andrea Janay Trejo Romero 201551955 Romero janay3231@gmail.com
Mónica moreno Moctezuma 201400603 moni_mor.moc@hotmail.com

TEACHER:
DRA. EDITH CORONA JIMÉNEZ

PERIOD: AUTUMN 2018

 ABSTRACT
In this practice we tested the known theoretical knowledge of a heat exchanger tube and shell, we conducted
experimentation using two different fluids depending on hot and cold, ethylene glycol as a coolant (cold)
and oil as a hot fluid to obtain our delta Of temperature; The type of flow that is handled in a heat exchanger
offers a great variation for the obtaining of our delta of temperature, in the same way the type of current
used in the process offers considerable variations of heat transfer, in this way, in In our experiment, we made
process arrangements, modifying the refrigerant inlet and outlet, thus causing what is known as parallel flow
and countercurrent flow in our exchanger.

INTRODUCTION magnitude of the local temperature difference,

which varies along said exchanger. (Yunus Cengel)
Experience tells us that if a cold can of carbonated
drink is left on the table, at some point it will reach TYPES OF HEAT EXCHANGERS
room temperature, while a hot potato will cool.
The simplest type of heat exchanger consists of two
When a body is placed in a medium that is at a
concentric tubes of different diameters, as shown in
different temperature, the energy transfer takes
the following figure called double tube heat
place between the body and the medium until
exchanger. In a double tube heat exchanger two
thermal equilibrium is established, that is, when
types of flow arrangement are possible: in the
both reach the same temperature. parallel flow the two fluids, cold and hot, enter the
Heat is defined as the form of energy that is exchanger at the same end and move in the same
transferred between systems (or between a system direction. On the other hand, in the backflow the
and the outside) due to a temperature difference. fluids enter the exchanger at the opposite ends and
That is, an interaction of half the time has a short flow in opposite directions.
duration. Then it follows that there can be no
Another type of heat exchanger, designed
transfer of calories between systems that are at the
specifically to achieve a large surface area of heat
same temperature.
transfer per unit volume, is compact. (Fig. 1).
HEAT EXCHANGERS
The heat exchangers are devices that facilitate the
exchange of heat between two fluids that are at
different temperatures and at the same time
prevent them from mixing with each other
In an exchanger heat transfer usually involves
convection in each fluid and conduction through the
wall that separates them. In the analysis of heat
exchangers, it is convenient to work with a total heat
Fig. 1 Different flow res and associated temperature profiles in a double
transfer coefficient U that takes into account the tube heat exchanger.
contribution of all these effects on said transfer. The In compact exchangers the two fluids tend to move
ratio of the heat transfer between the two fluids at perpendicularly to each other and that flow
a given location to an exchanger depends on the configuration is known as cross flow, which is still
classified as unmixed or mixed flow, depending on
its configuration. (Fig. 2)
OBJECTIVES
GENERAL
The purpose of this report is to demonstrate the
characteristics, operation and evidence of the
descriptive analysis of heat transfer, using a tube
and shell heat exchanger that uses parallel flow and
countercurrent through temperature changes.

Fig. 2 Different flow configurations in cross flow heat exchangers. ESPECIFIC

• Identify and quantify heat transfer between
experimentation and the use of
Perhaps the most common type of heat exchanger
mathematical models.
in industrial applications is that of pipes and shell.
• Know the heat transfer efficiency according
(Fig. 3) These heat exchangers contain a large to the counter current or parallel
number of tubes (sometimes several hundred) arrangement.
packed in a helmet with their axes parallel to it. The
• Identify the temperature deltas
transfer of heat takes place as one of the fluids
corresponding to cold and hot fluid.
moves inside the tubes, while the other moves
• Know the applied operation of a tube and
outside of these, passing through the shell. It is
shell heat exchanger.
common to place deviators in the shell to force the
fluid to move transverse to said shell in order to PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
improve heat transfer, and also to maintain a
uniform spacing between the tubes. Tube and shell
exchangers are further classified according to the
number of steps that are carried out by the shell and
the tubes. For example, exchangers in which all
tubes form a U in the shell are said to be one passage
through the shell and two passages through the
tubes. (Yunus Cengel)

Fig. 3 Diagram of a shell and tube heat exchanger (one passage

through the shell and one passage through the tubes).
 Table 4. Parallel operation 60 ° C
Proof T1 T2 T3 T4
1 62.4 43.6 24.8 27.5
2 60.1 40.9 23.4 27.6
Average 61.25 42.25 24.1 27.55

Table 5. Parallel flow

Reduction of the temperature of the hot fluid
ΔT hot = °C 19.95
Increase in the temperature of the cold fluid
ΔT cold = °C 2.5
Thermal efficiency for the hot fluid
ηc = % 54.95867769
RESULTS Thermal efficiency for cold fluid
ηf= % 6.887052342
Table 1. Oil data at 60 ° C Thermal efficiency
Flow ηh= % -24.03581267
Density
cp (KJ/kgK) mass volumetric Load emitted by the hot fluid
(Kg/L)
(kg/min) L/min Qe= W 1416.849
1675 0.9104 2.54912 2.8
(J/Kgk) kg/s
1675 0.0424

DISCUSION DE RESULTADOS
Table 2. Counter current operation 60 ° C
Proof T1 T2 T3 T4
1 59.9 40.2 23.8 26.2
2 59.8 39.6 23.3 25.9
Average 59.85 39.9 23.55 26.05

Table 3. Countercurrent fluid

Reduction of the temperature of the hot fluid
ΔT hot = °C 19
Increase in the temperature of the cold fluid
ΔT cold = °C 3.45
Thermal efficiency for the hot fluid
ηc = % 51.14401077
Thermal efficiency for cold fluid
ηf= % 9.286675639 Fig. 1 Engineering and schematic diagram of the heat
Thermal efficiency transfer equipment by pipe and shell manipulated in
ηh= % 20.92866756 practice.
Load emitted by the hot fluid
Qe= W 1349.38
DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
Based on the results obtained from heat transfer
and expressed in tables 3 and 5, we determined that
the most efficient and, in this case, slightly more
noticeable heat exchange, was obtained by the
countercurrent flow, by means of theoretical and
practical knowledge we can justify that this result is
due to the fact that each of the fluids enters the
exchanger on different sides and that the fluid with
the lowest temperature exits in counterflow of the
heat exchanger at the end where the fluid with the
highest temperature enters, the temperature of the
coldest fluid it will approximate the temperature of
the inlet fluid, if necessary, to a parallel flow
exchanger.
We were able to perform the manipulation of a tube
and shell exchanger handling the types of parallel
and countercurrent flow.
We verified that the deltas of temperature
corresponding to cold and hot fluid are not
proportional as it is possible to be thought, that is to
say that the temperature that a fluid loses the other
does not acquire it, this because the process was not
handled to closed and isolated conditions of the
environment, causing a loss of heat in the
environment.
CONCLUSION
The practice was based on tube heat exchangers and
shell in parallel and counter-current, the difference
being the direction of the fluids. The heat
exchangers are of great importance in the industry,
since in some processes it is useful to transfer heat
from a hot fluid to a cold fluid, for multiple purposes
such as: energy saving or to bring some fluid to an
optimum temperature for example in the
pasteurization of beverages within the food
industry, ventilation in space conditioning systems,
boilers, condensers, and preheaters or fluid cooling.
Therefore, it is convenient to know the types of heat
exchangers, their design, structure and principles of
functionality.
1. QUESTIONNAIRE
What is the mechanism of heat transfer in a heat
exchanger shell?
There are 2 types of heat transfers: conduction and
convection. The contact of a fluid with a solid is the
transfer by convection and the temperature delta
suffered by the internal tubes of the exchanger from
side to side, there is transfer by conduction.
2. What variables can be controlled
exchangers?
• The inlet flow of the cold fluid (cooling
system)
• The inlet flow of the hot fluid (substance to
be cooled)
• cold fluid inlet temperature
• Hot fluid inlet temperature
3. Describe the operation of a plate heat
exchanger
The total of the liquid that passes through the
exchanger is divided into equal parts according to
the number of plates that the exchanger arranges.
Every two plates generate a circulation channel by
which one of those portions of liquid flows. Thanks
to this mechanism, and to the corrugation of the
plates, the speed of circulation is considerably
increased creating a turbulent flow that reduces the
risk of incrustations while optimizing the heat
exchange, in such a way that the fluid will achieve
100% of its temperature at the end of the course of
each plate. Three important aspects to consider
regarding the plate heat exchanger are:
• Ultra-thin plates with high heat exchange
coefficient are more efficient.
• Current heat exchangers require very little
space for assembly, compared to old hull and
tube.
• In addition, they are easy to maintain
because in case of inlays, their dismantling
and cleaning is very simple and fast.
 heat exchangers and currently around of the world
is offered in the market multitude of different
4. Mentions at least 3 computers using a heat
designs of these.
exchanger in which processes.
• Cooler
• Heater
• Fridge REFERENCES
• Capacitor
*Cengel, Yunus, Ghajar, Afshin. (2011).
• Evaporator
Transferencia de calor y masa. Fundamento y
• Reboiler
aplicaciones.4 ed. McGraw-Hill. México.

5. Mentions food exchangers are used *González D. (marzo, 2002). Intercambiadores de

• Milk Reception: Cooling of raw milk calor: tipos generales y aplicaciones. septiembre 25,
from 15 to 4 º C through ICP 2018, de Departamento de termodinámica y
• pasteurization — Termination: The fenómenos de transporte Universidad Simón Bolívar
product is treated up to 75 º C in Sitio web:
multistage pasteurizers https://es.slideshare.net/yumardiaz/intercambiado
• Wine and liquor SECTOR: res-decalortiposgeneralesyaplicaciones-8408335
✓ Cooling of must through ICP *MANUAL DEL INGENIERO QUÍMICO. Perry &
✓ Pasteurization of wine at low Chilton. Sección 10. “Transferencia de Calor”.
temperature by ICP Sección 11. “Equipos de Transferencia de Calor”. Mc
• Sugar SECTOR: Graw Hill.
✓ Treatment of syrups at high
temperatures through ICP *Jaramillo O. (noviembre 20, 2007). Comparación
✓ ICP Auxiliary equipment for de los tipos de intercambiadores. septiembre 25
cooling and warming of syrup 2018, de UNAM Sitio web:
• UHT treatment: At these ICP http://www.cie.unam.mx/~ojs/pub/HeatExchanger
temperatures are reached up to 147 /node27.html
º C of the product Brewing industry: *Zohuri, Bahman, and Patrick McDaniel. 2015.
✓ Cooling of must via ICP for Thermodynamics in nuclear power plant.
large volumes. Switzerland: Springer Publishing Company.
✓ Flash" pasteurization of
6. The design of the different heat exchangers
is due to exist?
Heat exchangers are one of the most common
equipment found in most industries.
The role of consumers has acquired great
importance in the face of need to save energy and
have optimal equipment not only depending on its
thermal analysis and economic performance in the
installation, but in function of other factors such as
the energy use of the system and the availability and
amount of energy and raw materials needed to
meet a certain function. There are several types of