Laboratory workshop #6

ANALYSIS THREE-PHASE AC CIRCUIT

EASA Part-66 Module 3 Work purpose: To demonstrate 3-phase system "delta" and "wye" connections. The study of
ELECTRICAL
FUNDAMENTALS
symmetric and asymmetric modes of operation of a 3-phase circuit when the load. Define of
the relationship between linear and phase voltages at different modes of operation.

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Place components for 3-phase circuit

 AC Three-Phase Delta Voltage Source;

 Transformer (model 1P1S) x3;
 Add a ground to your circuit;
 Wire components by clicking on component ends

TASK 1. Demonstration of 3-phase transformer "delta" and EXAMPLE

"wye" connections.

1.1. Complete your 3-phase AC circuit connections.

1.2. Set your circuit parameters to achieve the designed AC

circuit. Change circuit elements value by clicking on them
and changing it to your value:
 AC 3-phase voltage delta source UG, V;
(select RMS effective value)
 AC source frequency f, Hz;
 Transformers turn ratio 1:1
(primary and secondary windings number is the same)

Connect 3-phase delta AC source to each input terminal of

transformer system (A, B, C) as shown on picture NB! This circuit is just illustrated picture like
example. The type of circuit connections depend
1.3. Right down to the report in Table 1. all nominal values of on student individual variant (see. more)
your circuit elements.
1.4. Calculate write down to the report in Table 2. 3-phase
transformer turn ratio: K = w2/w1 and output linear
voltage: U2Linear for your connection:
(Y - ∆) = K*UG/√3
(∆ - Y) = √3*K*UG
(Y - Y or ∆ - ∆) = K  UG

1.5. From component board place voltage probes to

each output terminal (a, b, c) how is shown in picture. To
correct measure output linear voltage use reference

3-phase transformer parameters experimental

probe and place it like shown on picture using
measurement with output ∆-connection
your current output connection (for ∆ or Y connection).

NOTE! If you have Y - ∆ or ∆ - ∆ connections please input

in secondary coil circuit small resistor, as shown on
picture, to protect system from short-cut mode.
1.6. Set measurement parameters:
Simulation settings: Interactive mode

Measuring settings: Periodic mode

View settings: displays both the schematic and grapher

3-phase transformer parameters experimental
measurement with output Y-connection
1.7. Press RUN button to simulate circuit work.

1.8. Change oscilloscope settings

Trigger mode: AUTO

Use time scale to see on screen not more then 3-5 cycles

of your signals

Use voltage scale button to fits data in the

range of the graphs window.

1.9. Press STOP or PAUSE button. Record measuring

results of linear voltages Ua, Ub, Uc values and take
screenshot of 3-phase transformer circuit and output
signals in Table 2. 3-phase transformer signals with
positive polarity
1.10. Using received graph of output signals define phase
shift angle between each oscillation. Select cursors type:
X axis, Cursor 1 - PR1, Cursor 2 – PR2 and make phase
shift ΔX(t) and period T of signals measurement.

1.11. Using detected phase shift ΔX and period T values

calculate phase shift angles: φ = ΔX/T*360. Record
results (a-b, b-c, a-c) in Table 2.
Note! For 3-phase transformer with positive polarity the
wave should be offset by 120 degrees, otherwise check 3-phase transformer with negative polarity
measurement correctness!

1.12. Change second coil polarity of any transformer to

negative . Repeat simulation and

record measuring results of linear voltages Ua, Ub, Uc
values. Make screenshot of 3-phase transformer signals.
Place circuit diagram, measuring results and graph in
Table 2.

1.13. Using step 1.10 and 1.11 to define phase shift angle φ in
3-phase transformer circuit with negative polarity. Make
conclusions.
3-phase transformer signals with negative polarity

TASK 2. Relationship between linear and phase voltages of 3-

phase system at different modes of operation

2.1. Complete your 3-phase AC circuit with (Y - ∆) connections

with balance load as shown on picture.

2.2. Set your circuit parameters to achieve the designed AC

circuit. Change circuit elements value by clicking on them
and changing it to your value:
 AC 3-phase voltage star source UG, V;
(select RMS effective value)
 AC source frequency f, Hz;
 Load resistors R1-R3, Ohm.

2.3. From component board place current probes to

measure phase current of resistors, how is shown on NB! This circuit is just illustrated picture like
picture. example. The parameters of AC source depend
on student individual variant (see. more)
2.4. From component board place voltage and current
probes to measure linear voltage and current of system,
how is shown on picture.
2.5. Set measurement parameters:
Simulation settings: Interactive mode

Measuring settings: Periodic mode

2.6. Press RUN button to simulate circuit work.

2.7. Right down to the report in Table 3. all phase currents

Iphase , linear currents Iline and voltages Uline. Use rms
values. Take screenshot of circuit.
Note! Line Current is √3 times of phase current: IL = √3 IPH.
If it not, please make according corrections in circuit and
repeat measurement.

2.8. Using received parameters calculate total power of delta

(∆) connection Pdelta = U1line*I1line*√3. Record result
in Table 3.

2.9. Complete your 3-phase AC circuit with (Y - Y) connections

with balance load as shown on picture.

2.10. Set your circuit parameters to achieve the designed AC

circuit using step 2.2.

2.11. From component board place voltage probes to

measure line voltages between two phases, how is
shown on picture. To correct measure voltage values

use reference probe for each phase.

2.12. Set switch S1 in “open” position. Make simulation and

record all phase voltages Uline in Table 4. Use rms Measurements of linear parameters
values. Take screenshot of circuit.

2.13. Change measurement probes to voltage and current

probes, how is shown on picture.

2.14. Repeat simulation. Record all phase currents I and
voltages Uphase in Table 4. Use rms values.
Note! Line Voltage is √3 times of phase voltage: VL = √3 VPH.
If it not, please make according corrections in circuit and
repeat measurement.
2.15. Using received parameters calculate total power of star
(∆) connection: Pstar = U1phase*I1*√3. Record result Measurements of phase parameters
in Table 4.
2.16. Reduce resistance of one load resistor (R) in 10 times to
simulate unbalance load in your 3-phase system.

2.17. Make simulation and record all phase currents I and

voltages Uphase in Table 5. Use rms values.

2.18. Add current probe to measure current of neutral

wire as shown on picture and set switch S1 be in “close”
position. Repeat simulation. Measurements with unbalance load without neural
wire
2.19. Record current of neutral wire Ineutral, phase currents I
and voltages Uphase in Table 5. Use rms values.

Note! The neutral wire creates stability in the voltages by

preventing overvoltage. With the neutral wire, the phase to
neutral voltage should be constant in any phase. If voltage
drop on each phase is still different please make according
corrections in circuit and repeat measurement.

2.20. Take screenshot of 3-phase unbalanced system

measurements with and without neural wire. Make
conclusions.
Measurements with unbalance load with neural wire
 Annex. Nominal circuit values

AC source Transformer Transformer

3-phase AC Types of Active load
Varian frequenc T1=T2=T3 T1=T2=T3
voltage source transformer R1-R3,
t #* y primary coil secondary
UG, V connection Ohm
f, Hz turns coil turns
1 120 Y-∆ 100 200 100
2 208 Y-Y 500 250 200
3 380 ∆-Y 200 800 300
4 480 ∆-∆ 600 1800 400
5 600 Y-∆ 180 300 500
50
6 120 ∆-Y 1200 1200 600
7 208 Y-∆ 720 900 700
8 380 Y-Y 1500 6000 800
9 480 ∆-Y 120 300 900
0 600 ∆-∆ 5000 1000 1000
#* the last digit of your number in the list of groups corresponds to the number of your individual
variant task.

*Star-delta connection Star-star connection Delta-delta connection Delta-star connection

(Y - ∆) (Y - Y) (∆ - ∆) (∆ - Y)

*In a Star (wye) connection, one end of all the three wires are connected to a common point in the shape of Y,
such that all the three open ends of the three wires form the three phases and the common point forms the
neutral. In a Delta (tringle) connection, every wire is connected to two adjacent wires in the form of a triangle (Δ)
and all the three common points of the connection form the three phases.

For a better understanding of the experimental processes in the work, it is necessary to study the following
topics:

Multiple Winding Transformers

Three Phase Transformers
 Laboratory workshop #6
ANALYSIS THREE-PHASE AC CIRCUIT
EASA Part-66 Module 3 Work purpose: To demonstrate 3-phase system "delta" and "wye" connections. The study of
ELECTRICAL
FUNDAMENTALS
symmetric and asymmetric modes of operation of a 3-phase circuit when the load. Define of
the relationship between linear and phase voltages at different modes of operation.
Date: [ ] Name Surname
Group: [ ] student

Table 1. Nominal three-phase transformer circuit parameters

Transformer Transformer
3-phase delta AC AC source Types of
Varian T1=T2=T3 T1=T2=T3 Active load
voltage source frequency transformer
t# primary coil secondary coil R1-R3, Ohm
UG, V f, Hz connection
turns w1 turns w2
3 380 50 ∆-Y 200 800 300

Table 2. Three-phase transformer parameters measurement

Transforme
Secondary Secondary Secondary Phase difference of transformer
r Output voltage, coils, angle φ
Turn Ratio,
coil voltage, coil voltage, coil voltage,
U2Linear
K Ua Ub Uc a-b b-c a-c
4 2632.7172 1.5201kV 1.5201kV 1.5201kV -117.964 -117.964 117.964

Signals and phase difference for positive transformer polarity

3-phase transformer experimental

circuit (positive polarity)
Ua Ub Uc a-b b-c a-c
1.5201kV 1.5201kV 1.5201kV 61.362 61.362 120.678

Signals and phase difference for negative transformer polarity

3-phase transformer experimental

circuit (T2 negative polarity)
 Table 3. Star – delta (Y - ∆) connection balance load characteristic
I1line I2line I3line I1phase I2phase I3phase U1phase U2phase U3phase Pdelta
3.8003 3.8003 3.8003 2.1941 2.1941 2.1941 2501.476
380.03V 380.03V 380.03V
A A A A A A

Y - ∆ connection circuit diagram

Table 4. Star - star (Y - Y) connection balance load characteristic

I1 I2 I3 U1phase U2phase U3phase U1line U2line U3line Pstar
3.8010u 658.23 658.23 658.23
1.0971A 1.0971A 396.81V 348.36V 396.81V 754.0314
A V V V

Y - Y connection circuit diagram

Table 5. Star - star (Y - Y) connection unbalance load characteristic with and without neutral wire
I1 I2 I3 IN U1phase U2phase U3phase
without neutral wire 1.9946A 3.8010uA 1.9946A - 434.76V 351.24V 360.46V
with neutral wire 1.9946A 1.2668A 1.9946 1.2668A 400.04V 406.44V 337.08V

Y - Y connection circuit diagram without neutral wire Y - Y connection circuit diagram with neutral wire

Conclusions