GSEB Solutions Class 10 Social Science

Chapter 9 Forests and Wildlife Resources

September 12, 2020 / By Prasanna
I. Write the following questions in detail.
Question 1.
Write a detailed note on types afforest.
Answer:
Types of forests according to administration:

1. Reserved Forests: The forests where government puts restriction on

cutting and collecting wood as well as on pasturing are known as
reserved forests. Such forests are under the direct control of the
government.
2. Protected Forests: The forests where local people are permitted to
collect the wood and to graze their animals without causing any harm to
the trees are called protected forests. These forests are under the
control of local administration.
3. Unclassified Forests: These types of forests are still not classified. So,
there is no restriction on deforestation or animal grazing.
Types of forests according to ownership, administration and management:

1. State Forest: Most of the forests of the country fall under this category.
The Central or the State Government controls such forests.
2. Communal Forests: Local self-government, institutions like gram
panchayat, municipalities, municipal corporations, district panchayat,
etc. have control over such forests.
3. Private Forests: Forest land owned by individuals is called private forest.
These types of forests are found more in Odisha, Meghalaya, Punjab
and Himachal Pradesh. Some of the forests of here are in haphazard
condition whereas some of them are totally barren.

Question 2.
State the remedies for forest conservation.
Answer:
Following are the Remedies for Forest Conservation:
(i) Research should be carried out to find the alternative of wood. This will
reduce the usage of wood and hence, forests. In case if the trees are to be cut
for development activities then new trees of the same species should be
planted. Cutting of trees that have not grown fully should be banned.

(ii) Industries that directly receive their raw material from the forests should be
enforced to grow trees to prevent to future dearth. Although eco-tourism
should be encouraged but, it should be strictly taken care that the forests do
not get damaged due to these tourism activities.

(iii) Public awareness programmes should be organized among the local

people and effort should be made to reach maximum people.

(iv) The importance of fofest and ways to conserve them should be included in
school and college syllabus.

(v) Social forestry and agro-forestry should be developed intensively by taking

planned steps for the necessity of fodder and firewood. In place of firewood,
alternative options like solar energy, natural gas, etc. should be brought in use.
(vi) Forest resource should be used judiciously. Infected trees should be either
cured or if not possible removed so that the infection does not spread. This
will also increase the health and speed of growth.

(vii) Forest fire cause heavy damage to forests. Hence, a separate special force
should be formed at national level to do use the forest fires.

(viii) The transport has become quite fast and comfortable now. So, the
number of people going on pilgrimage has increased drastically. These people
visit religious places in forest area to attend the bhandara, fairs or the
parikramma. They leave a lot of litter behind. This litter should be prevented.
Also, it should be cleaned properly and regularly to prevent forests from
getting polluted.

(ix) Some part of forest areas should be systematically reserved for animal
pasture.

Question 3.
Describe various projects for wildlife protection.
Answer:
Under Wildlife Protection Scheme, The government has started several
projects to protect wildlife. Some of these projects are especially for those
animals which are either in danger or may get extinct in near future.

The Projects are discussed below:

1. Project Tiger: As per an estimate, there were more than 40,000 tigers in
India in the beginning of 20th century. At that time there were no strict laws
on hunting tigers or cutting trees from forests. The unrestricted illegal hunting
and deforestation posed a major danger for the existence of tigers. Hence, in
order to save tigers, the government started Project Tiger in 1971. Under the
project, the government took several steps to protect natural habitat of tigers
and to maintain ecological balance at national level. Till now this project is
implemented in about 44 regions of India.

2. Project Elephant: This project was started in 1992. The main aim of this
project was to protect elephants in their natural habitacts and to protect their
migratory corridors. Due to constant effort of the government today, the
number of elephants has increased considerably. Today, there are about 26
protection zones for elephants in India. Over and above protecting elephants
of the forest this project also works for the protection and proper care of
domesticated elephants.

3. Project Rhino: It was started for protecting One-Horned Rhino of India. In

India most of the rhinos are found in Sunderbans, West Bengal. Under the
‘Rhino Vision 2020’, the government has targeted to increase the number of
rhino to 3000.

4. Project Crocodile: In the decade of 1970, the species of alligators found in

freshwater was on the verge of extinction. At that time the Government of
India started this project and saved this species.

5. Project Vulture: Vulture is said to be the ‘cleaner of the nature’. It eats the
meat of dead animals and this way keeps the nature clean. There are about 9
sub-species of vulture in India. This project was started in 2004 when their
number started decreasing drastically.

6. Project Snow Leopard: This animal is found at an altitude of about 3000

metres in Himalayas. As the name suggests it is found only in the snowy
region. This project was started in 2000 with the objective of increasing the
knowledge about snow leopard among the local people, so the people would
become aware and protect it.

7. Other Projects: Besides these projects the government has-also started

projects like Kashmiri Hangool Project, Red Panda Project, Manipur-Tamil
Project for the special species of deer found in Manipur, Ganga-Dolphin
Project on Ganga-Brahmaputra rivers, etc.

II. Answer in brief.

Question 1.
What is meant by bio-reserve zone?
Answer:
Biosphere reserve or Bio-reserve is a very large area of land which may cover
multiple National Parks, Sanctuaries and Reserves as well. It is established as
per international norms. The purpose of bio-reserve is to protect the physical
and cultural diversity of a region. The bio-reserve also protects insects, birds
and animals, land of that area and even the life style of the people living there.

The government conducts programmes for encouraging research and training

about bio-reserve. No external human movement is allowed in a bio-reserve.
The average area of such zone is more than 5000 sq. kilometres. Nilgiri, Gulf of
Mannar, Great Nicobar, Sundarban, Pnachmadhi, etc. are important bio-
reserves of India. The Rann of Kachchh of Gujarat was declared as a bio-
reserve zone in 2008.

Question 2.
Where would, we find tigers in Gujarat ?
Answer:
In the pasts tigers could be seen in the forests of Idar, Ambaji and Danta in
Gujarat.

Question 3.
State the reason for forests destruction.
Answer:
Forests get destroyed in two ways.
They are
(a) Natural reasons; and
(b) Man-made reasons. The rate of natural destruction of forests in quite less
compared to that by man-made reasons.

The main reasons are :

Cutting of forests by humans for their own benefits. Human greed to gain
more land.

 To build cannals and multipurpose projects.

 To make roads, airports and railways.
 To do farming.
 Cutting trees for jhoom farming (shifting agriculture).
 To get raw materials for industries. To get wood for construction.
 To expand & develop cities and towns.
 To build new industries. Cutting trees for jhoom farming (shifting
agriculture)

Question 4.
Write notes about the wildlife on the verge of extinction.
Answer:
Today many wild animals of the world are on the verge of extinction. A few of
them have been become extinct. In the last century, tigers were found
throughout India. One could see tigers even in Gujarat in the forests of Idar,
Ambaji and Danta. Today, the have become completely extinct from Gujarat.
Cheetah is also becoming extinct from Indian forests. Many species for birds
which were very easily seen in Indian forests are now hardly seen. Birds like
vulture, duck with pink throat, cranes and owls are on the verge of extinction.
Chilotro bird which was once found in abundance in Arunachal Pradesh is hard
to find today.

The fresh water alligators and Ganga River dolphins are on the verge of
extinction. The number of sea turtles that used to r come to the coasts of
Odisha and Gujarat is Constantly decreasing. Water-fowls (Jalbiladi) once
found ‘ frequently in Narmada, Tapi, Mahi and Sabarmati rivers of Gujarat are
almost extinct. Looking such a condition of dwindling wildlife, it is utmost
necessary that we make concrete effort to save what is left. Reasons for the
destruction of wildlife Human interference in grasslands and in watershed area
of the forests has increased. This has put natural habitat of the wild animals in
danger. Destruction of forests in the main reason for natural imbalance. When
natural imbalance takes place the number of wild animals decrease.
Hunting the animals to obtain hair, skin (hide), bones, horns or nails is also
responsible for reduction of wildlife. To fulfil his greed and need, man exploits
forests to his maximum capacity. He keeps on building, roads, multi-purpose
projects, mining minerals, expanding new settlements, etc. Thus, man has
entered forests, cut them and has displaced wild animals. Forest fire is another
reason in which several animals, birds and insects die.

When the forest fire occurs at the procreative time of animals or the time of
hatching of eggs, it creates a very adverse effect on the number of wild
animals in the forest. Due to the loss of their natural habitats animals become
homeless. Hence, they enter into areas of human dwellings and even attack
them and their domestic animals. To this humans attack wild animals and also
kill them many a times. Humans also hunt animals to make certain medicines,
perfume, etc. This also reduces their number.

III. Answer the following questions in brief.

Question 1.
What is meant by a Sanctuary?
Answer:
A wildlife sanctuary is quite similar to a national park, except that local people
living there can continue living and the human activities are permitted. A
wildlife sanctuary is basically established for protecting some specific species.
Domesticated animals are allowed to graze after obtaining permission from
the authorities. For example, Gir, Periyar, Chandraprabha, Eturnagaram, etc. are
famous sanctuaries.

Question 2.
What is National Park?
Answer:
A national park is a forest area and if need be the surrounding areas as
notified by the government established for the protection and propagation of
the flora and fauna of the area. National Parks do not allow any human
activities inside the marked area of national park. In this regard, it is more
protected zone compared to the sanctuary.

Unlike a sanctuary, it is not centered around one species. Hence, we can find
more than one ecosystem in a national park. There is complete ban on animal
grazing. It is established through the coordination of state and central
government. Kaziranga, Corbett, Velavadar, Marine National Park, Gir,
Dachigam, etc. are important National Parks.

Question 3.
In which state is the Nal Sarovar located?
Answer:
Nal Sarovar is located in Gujarat State.

IV. Select the correct option from the options given for each questions and
write the answer:
Question 1.
Which wildlife has became extinct from Gujarat
(a) Ghudkhar
(b) Bear
(c) Tiger
(d) Leopard
Answer:
(c) Tiger

Question 2.
Forests over which the local self-government institutions (Gram Panchayat,
Municipality, Municipal Corporation) have control
(a) Village forests
(b) Sanctuary forest
(c) Collective community forest
(d) Jhoom forest
Answer:
(c) Collective community forest

Question 3.
How many species of animals and birds are there in the world?
(a) Twelve lakh
(b) Twenty-one lakh
(c) Seven lakh
(d) Fifteen lakh
Answer:
(d) Fifteen lakh
Gujarat Board Class 10 Social Science Forests and Wildlife Resources
Additional Important Questions and Answers

I. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

Question 1.
Which of the following statements is related to forest is NOT true?
(a) In reserved forests there is restriction on cutting and collection of woods.
(b) In protected forest local people are permitted to collect the wood and to
graze their animals without causing any harm to the trees.
(c) Communal forests owned by individuals.
(d) There is no restriction on cutting of trees or animals grazing in unclassified
forest.
Answer:
(c) Communal forests owned by individuals.

Question 2.
Which of the following statements is not correct?
(a) India stand 12th in the world in terms of bio-diversity.
(b) There are 1 Bio-reserve region, 4 National Parks and 23 Sanctuaries located
in Gujarat.
(c) There is a danger of survival to the waterfalls seen at the sea coast of
Kachchh.
(d) There are about 15 lakh species of birds and animals and out of these
81251 species are found in India.
Answer:
(c) There is a danger of survival to the waterfalls seen at the sea coast of
Kachchh.

Question 3.
Which of the following animals are included in bio-diversity of India. Find the
correct option.
(1) Black bear
(2) Kangaroo
(3) Penguin
(4) One-homed Rhino
(a) 1 and 4
(b) 2 and 4
(c) 3 and 4
(d) Only 3
Answer:
(a) 1 and 4

Question 4.
Which animals are found at distinguished altitudes on Himalayas and in cold
forests?
(a) Snow Leopard
(b) Ostrich
(c) Red Panda
(d) (a) and (c) both
Answer:
(d) (a) and (c) both

Question 5.
Which of the following statements are correct during class discussion of
students about forest conservation?
(a) Prashwa: Total ban should be f imposed on cutting of immature trees.
(b) Nancy: For the requirement of fuel the cheaper resource atomic energy
alternative should be used in place of wood.
(c) Parth: Nationalism should be developed intensively by taking planned steps
for the necessity of
fodder and firewood.
(d) Raaz: The trees which are necessary to be cut for construction work for the
necessity, new plants should be grown in place of them.
Answer:
(d) Raaz: The trees which are necessary to be cut for construction work for the
necessity, new plants should be grown in place of them.

Question 6.
One pair is not correct.
(a) Red Panda: Cold forests of eastern Himalayas.
(b) Aquatic Gange Dolphin: Ganga of India – Brahmaputra – species of t sweet
riverwater.
(c) 1971: Project Tiger.
(d) 1992 : Project vulture.
Answer:
(a) Red Panda: Cold forests of eastern Himalayas.
Question 7.
1992 : Project Elephant, 1971:
(a) Project Red Panda
(b) Project Rhino
(c) Toject Tiger
(d) Project Crocodile
Answer:
(b) Project Rhino

Question 8.
One pair is not correct.
(a) One homed Indian Rhino – Assam
(b) Species of Alligator – Project Crocodile
(c) Project Vulture – 2004
(d) Leopard – Natural habitat Africa continent
Answer:
(a) One homed Indian Rhino – Assam

Question 9.
Select the correct option regarding location of wildlife preservation from East
to West direction.
(1) Gir National Park
(2) Panchmadhi Bioreserve region
(3) Sunderban Bioreserve region
(4) Kaziranga National Park
(a) 2, 3, 1, 4
(b) 4, 3, 2, 1
(c) 4, 3, 1, 2
(d) 3, 4, 2, 1
Answer:
(b) 4, 3, 2, 1

Question 10.
Which of the following statements is applicable to unclassified forests?
(a) These forests are under direct control of the government.
(b) Here, there is no restrictions on cutting of wood or grazing of cattle.
(c) These forests belong to individuals or families.
(d) These forests are controlled by local self-government institutions.
Answer:
(b) Here, there is no restrictions on cutting of wood or grazing of cattle.
I. Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
What is the simple meaning of forest?
Answer:
The simple meaning of forest is the accumulation of trees, scrubs, and heap of
grass.

Question 2.
Mention the types of forests on the basis of administration.
Answer:
Forests are classified into three types on the basis of ownership, administration
and management:

1. State Forest
2. Communal Forest
3. Private Forest

Question 3.
What is deforestation? How does it take place?
Answer:
The destruction of forests is called deforestation. The causes of deforestation
are us under:

1. Naturally
2. Interference of human.
Question 4.
How many different species of birds and animals are found in the world. How
many of them are found in India?
Answer:
There are about 15 lakh species of birds and animals in the world. Out of
them, about 81,251 species are found in India.

Question 5.
Animals from which continents are fond in India ?
Answer:
Animals from Asia, Europe and Africa are found in India.
Question 6.
Which African animals are found in India?
Answer:
African animals like hyena and chinkara (one type of deer) are found in India.

Question 7.
Which European animals are found in India?
Answer:
European animals like wolves, wild goats and Kashmiri deer are found in India.

Question 8.
Which Asian animals are found in India ?
Answer:
Asian animals like elephants, gibbons are found in India.

Question 9.
Where does India stand in the world in terms of bio-diversity?
Answer:
India stands 12th in the world in terms of bio-diversity.

Question 10.
Where do migrating birds come to India in winter?
Answer:
Migrating birds from distant places come to the watershed areas of Keoladev
and Bharatpur in Rajasthan and Nalsarovar in Gujarat.

Question 11.
Where were tigers seen in Gujarat in the past?
Answer:
In the past, tigers were seen in the forests of Idar, Ambaji, Panchmahal and
Dang.

Question 12.
Which birds are on the verge of extinctint in India?
Answer:
Birds like vulture, pink throated duck, cranes, owls and chilotra are on the
verge of extinction in India.
Question 13.
Where was the bird ‘Chilotro’ seen in a large number in India ?
Answer:
Birds like vulture, pink throated duck, It was found in a large number in
Arunachal Pradesh in India.

Question 14.
Why has wildlife protection scheme been implemented?
Answer:
Wildlife protection scheme has been implemented for those animal species
which are in danger or which are likely to be extincted in near future.

Question 15.
Name some of the famous sanctuaries of India.
Answer:
Periyar, Chandraprabha, Etumagaram etc. are some of the famous sanctuaries
of India.

Question 16.
Name some famous National Parks of India.
Answer:
Kaziranga, Corbett, Velvadar, Marine National Park, Gir, Dachigam etc. are
some famous national parks of India.

Question 17.
Name some famous bio-reserves of India.
Answer:
Nilgiri, Gulf of Mannar, Great Nicobar, Sunderban, Panchmadhi, etc. are
famous bio-reserves of India.

Question 18.
Which place of Gujarat was declared as bio-reserve? When and Why ?
Answer:
The Rann of Kachchh of Gujarat was declared as bio-reserve in 2008 for the
protection of its special environmental conditions.
Question 19.
Mention the total number of Sanctuaries, National Parks and Bio-reserves in
India and in Gujarat:
Answer:

Sanctuaries National Parks Bio-reserves,

India 531 103 18

Gujarat 23 04 01
III. Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
Define forest and virgin vegetation.
Answer:
The large collection of trees, shrubs or grass growing over a region is called a
forest. The natural vegetation which can raise itself naturally without the help
of man is called virgin vegetable. Today, in India, virgin vegetation exists only
in Himalayas, Sunderban and remote areas of Thar Desert.

Question 2.
Give a general classification of forest with the help of chart.
Answer:

Question 3.
Pilgrimage causes pollution of forests.
Answer:
Modern-day transport has become quite fast and comfortable. So, the number
of people going on pilgrimage has increased drastically. These people visit
religious places in forest area to attend the Bhandara, fairs or the parikrama.
They leave a lot of litter behind. There are no proper laws and rules for
stopping the litter. These activities pollute the forests.

Question 4.
India has a very diverse wildlife. Give reason.
Answer:
India’s climate and physiography is highly diverse. We have Himalayan regions
where there is deep snow and on the other hand deserts like Rajasthan and
Kachchh which are extremely hot. Similarly, we have a very long coastline.
Majority of India consists of plains. Such a large geographical diversity has
resulted in a large variation in insects, birds, animals and vegetation among
various regions of India. India is home to 81,251 species of animals and birds.
Also, it stands 12th in the world in terms of bio-diversity. Animals from as far
as Asia, Europe and Africa are found in India. Hence, we can rightly say that
India has a very diverse wildlife.

Question 5.
Give an introduction about the red panda.
Answer:
Red Panda is found in the cold forests of eastern Himalayas. It is also found in
China, Nepal, Bhutan and Myanmar. It mainly survives by eating bamboo
sprouts, eggs, small birds, insects, etc. It is less active during the day.

Question 6.
Write a short note on Ganges River Dolphin.
Answer:
Ganges River Dolphin is a type of freshwater river dolphin found in India Nepal
and Bangladesh. In India, it is found in river Brahmaputra and Ganga. A few
dolphins are also found in Chambal river. Generally, it lives in the river which is
deep and calm. Although, Ganga is deep and calm at various places but it
flows through India which is one of the densely populated regions of the
world. India releases a very large amount of dirty water in the river.

Moreover, sedimentation due to deforestation, fisheries, navigation in the

river, release of industrial waste, etc. have together caused severe danger to
the extinction of these dolphins. These dolphins come to the surface quite
frequently for breathing. While breathing they make ‘suu-suu’ type sound. Due
to this typical sound that it makes this dolphin is also known as ‘sauns’, ‘susu’
and ‘suis’. At present, the existence of Ganga River Dolphin is a danger.

Question 7.
State the names of various projects started under Wildlife Protection Scheme
of the government.
Answer:
Under the Wildlife Protection Scheme, the government has started several
projects to protect wildlife. Some of these projects are especially for those
animals which are either in danger or may get extinct in near future.
The main projects are:

1. Project Tiger,
2. Project Elephant,
3. Project Rhino,
4. Project Crocodile,
5. Project Vulture and
6. Project Snow Leopard.
Besides these projects, the government has also started projects like Kashmiri
Hangool Project, Red Panda Project, Manipur-Tamil Project for the special
species of deer found in Manipur, Ganga-Dolphin project on Ganga and
Brahmaputra rivers etc.

Question 8.
Planned development can save forests and wildlife. Give reason.
Answer:
As the population grows and the world expands economic development also
increases. Development is inevitable for a country’s economy. However, it is
important to see that development does not destroy wildlife and nature. The
government should make very strict laws and regulations to see that the
amount of nature or forest . destroyed is somehow restored. If cutting of trees
of essential for development, new trees should be grown.

Plans should be made for stopping human interference in areas where wildlife
is getting extinct. Giving high priority in growth and maintenance of nature,
ecosystem and animals in our planning process can save forests and wildlife.
Developmental process is inevitable. But along with it, it is necessary that we
keep in mind its ill effects on the entire life system and planning.
Question 9.
Loss of one species is a great loss to the entire food chain. Give reason.
Answer:
Every organism in the food chain has a specific role. Loss of even one species
disturbs the entire structure. For example, caterpillars eat leaves, chameleons
eat caterpillars, snakes eat chameleons and eagles eats snakes. So, if
caterpillars become extinct then chameleon will have to feed on other
organisms. This will cause pressure on that species and pose danger for its
extinction as it now consumed more. Thus, loss of one species breaks the food
chain in the long run. Man is also part of food chain and hence, the effect of
one species will ultimately affect him too. Hence, loss of one species is a great
loss to the entire food chain.

Question 10.
It is our moral duty to protect and preserve wildlife. Give reason.
Answer:
Wildlife is destroyed by human activities and forest fire. Man does hunting as a
part of his hobby, for adventure or to earn by selling animal products. Many
animals have become extinct or are on the verge of extinction due to all these
activities. Wildlife is also disturbed due to pollution, industrialization,
urbanization and noise of vehicles and machines.

Wildlife is a part of nature and it plays a very important role in balancing the
ecosystem. Hence, it is very important to protect and preserve wildlife.

IV. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain deforestation and discuss its impacts.
Answer:
The destruction of forests is called deforestation. It is a global problem.
Natural calamities such as forest fire, flood and drought, etc. may destroy
forests naturally. On the other hand, as man progresses and the nation
develops the forests get cut. This is a man-made reason for deforestation. The
rate of natural destruction of forests is quite less compared to manmade
reasons.

Impact of deforestation Deforestation causes very far reaching effects. It

increases the quantity of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Greenhouse effect
becomes more severe. Soil erosion takes place and farm fertility deteriorates.
The forests of peninsular India have mainly decreased due to deforestation.
Due to deforestation many living organisms have lost their abodes. Moreover,
with increasing population, the areas of humans are expanding and merging .
with forests. As a result, the wild animals have started entering urban
settlements in search of food and water. Carnivorous animals entering human
areas and killing them and their domestic animals has become quite common
now.

Question 2.
Write a short note on the diverse wildlife found in India.
Answer:
India’s climate and physiography is highly diverse. We have Himalayan regions
where there is deep snow and on the other hand deserts like Rajasthan and
Kachchh which are extremely hot. Similarly, we have a very long coastline.
Majority of India consists of plains. Such a large geographical diversity has
resulted in a large variation in insects, birds, animals, and vegetation among
various regions of India. There are about 15 lakh species of animals and birds
in the world. Out of these, 81,251 species are found in India.

India stands 12th in the world in terms of bio-diversity. Animals from as far as
Asia, Europe and Africa are found in India. Animals such as African Zarakh,
European wolves, Wild goats and Kashmiri Deer, Elephants and Gibbons from
South-east Asia, etc. can be seen in India. Moreover, black bear, one- homed
rhino, deer, different types of snakes, peacocks, ghora (bustard), hawk,
kingfisher, flamingo, etc. are also found in India. The snow leopard and red
panda both are found at same altitude in Himalayas but have very
distinguished characteristics.

Today, India is the only country in the world where one can find tigers and
lions moving in their natural abodes. During winter, migratory birds from
distant places visit the watershed area of Keoladev National Park, Bharatpur
and Nal Sarovar in Gujarat. Sea turtless come to lay eggs along the sandy
coasts of Odisha. Indian pythons, various types of snakes and the King Cobra
are found in the southern rainforests.

Question 3.
How can we preserve wildlife? Discuss.
Answer:
We can preserve wildlife by taking following measures:
The biggest change needed to preserve the wildlife is to change our attitude
towards forests. We consider forests as a source of unlimited in come and so
keep on exploiting them to the maximum capacity. We need to understand
that forest resources are limited and hence must be preserved. Wildlife will be
saved only if their natural habitats i.e. forests are saved. The balance between
the number of herbivores and the carnivores in the forests should be
maintained. Active steps like maintaining the water sources in the forests and
restricting the grazing of domestic animals in forests should be taken to
maintain this balance.

Strict laws should be heavily punished for illegal mining in forest, area. Animals
should not be disturbed during their procreative period. Necessary
arrangements should be made to see that human interference does not occur
in such times. The effects of fisheries, forest gatherings or tourism on the
forests should be made in the rules and laws. Programmes should be arranged
to bring awareness in the society regarding the importance of forests and
wildlife. If the wildlife protection force is inactive, then the force should be
pressurized to give priority to wildlife and forest protection.

Question 4.
Give a brief introduction about Leopard, Cheetah and One-Homed Rhino.
Answer:
Leopard: It belongs to cat family. It is a small animal compared to other
members of cat family like lions and tigers. It is found everywhere in India. It is
also found in dark black colour. It is found in large number in the forests of
Gujarat. It often enters into human settlements. At times, people mistake it as
Cheetah.

Cheetah: It belongs to cat family. It has become totally extinct from Indian
forests. So, today in India we can see Cheetah only in zoo. One can find
Cheetah in its natural habitat in Africa. One-Horned Indian Rhino: It is found in
the marshy regions of Brahmaputra and Sunderbans. It is hunted for preparing
medicine from its horns. It is an herbivorous animal. The government made
strong efforts and so now it is protected and as a result its number is rising.

Question 5.
Give a brief introduction about animals like henotaro and Dugang.
Answer:
Henotaro: It is an animal which lives in the arid and semi-arid regions having
alkaline forests and grasslands, desert or semi-desert areas. It is found in the
Greater and Smaller Rann of Kachchh of Gujarat, Banni and in Narayan Sarovar
Sanctuaries. It is slightly taller than the fox, has fleshy round mouth and long
high ears. It hunts smaller birds and animals for it food. Its existence can be
known by its footprints.

Dugang: It is an aquantic animal. It is seen in very small number along the

western sea coast of India. It is also found along the sea coasts of east Africa,
south-east coast of Asia and northern coast of Australia. It feeds on sea grass
and vegetation. At times, it also eats aquatic animals. People hunt dugang in
large number for its meat and fat. Earlier dugang could be seen frequently
along the coast of Gujarat, especially along coast of Saurashtra coast. But
today, it is rarely seen there.

V. Fill in the blanks

1. There are ……………. bio-reserve zones in India.
2. There are …………….. national parks in India.
3. A special aquatic animal ………………. is found along the northern coast of
Australia.
4. The Rann of Kachchh of Gujarat was declared as a bio-reserve zone in
……………. for the protection of its special environmental condition.
5. There are …………….. national parks in Gujarat.
Answer:
1.18
2. 103
3. Dugang
4.2008
5. 4

VI. Write whether the following statements are true or false.

1. The population of Henotaro is found in Narayan Sarovar Sanctuary.
2. There are total 103 Sanctuaries in Gujarat.
3. Bio-reserve zones are formed according to international norms.
4. There are total 531 National Park in India.
5. National Parks are established through the coordination of State and
Central Government.
Answer:
1. True
2. False
3. True
4. False
5. True

VII. Match the following

Answer:
1. (d)
2. (c)
3. (b)
4. (a)

VIII. Identify me
1. I am considered to be freshwater species of alligators.
2. I am considered as worker of cleanliness of nature.
3. I am considered as national park located at Bharatpur.
4. I am considered as watershed region of Gujarat.
5. I am considered as national park of Assam.
Answer:
1. Crocodile
2. Vulture
3. Keoladev
4. Nal Sarovar
5. Kaziranga
IX. Map-Based Question
On an outline map of India show the wildlife reserves.