1.

Design Criteria
1.1 Design Standards
The tower is designed in accordance with the following design standards:-

 TIA-222-G (Structural Standards for Antenna Supporting Structures and Antenna)

 ASCE 7-10 (Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures)

 ASCE 10-15 (Design of Latticed Steel Transmission Structures)

1.2 Loading
1.2.1 Wind Loading: Design wind speed, as specified by the Client, is 150 mph (3 sec gust).

1.2.2 Ice Loading: There is no snow in the Project area.

1.2.3 Exposure & Topographic Category:

i) Exposure Category = Exposure D

ii) Topographic Category = Category II

iii) Structure Classification = Class II

1.2.4 Earthquake: Tower structures will be checked designed to meet earthquake intensity in
accordance with ANSI/TIA-222-G.

1.3 Deflection and Distortion

Limits for twist and tilt under operational wind speed (120 kph) are as follows:-

i) Maximum allowable twist = ± 1.0 deg.

ii) Maximum allowable tilt = ± 1.0 deg.

1.4 Materials
1.4.1 Materials: The materials used are as follows:-

i) Legs : ASTM A36 (Fy = 36 ksi)

ii) Bracing & Horiz : ASTM A36 (Fy = 36 ksi)

iii) Structural plates : ASTM A242 (Fy = 46 ksi)

iv) Connection bolts : ISO Grade 8.8

v) Holding down bolts : ISO Grade 5.8

1.4.2 Connection Bolts:

i) Minimum dia of bolt = M12

ii) Minimum number of bolts = 1 each

1.4.3 Limit of Effective Slenderness Ratio: The following values are in accordance with ANSI/TIA-222-G.

i) Bracing Members = 200

ii) Secondary Members = 250

iii) Tension Members = 300

1.4.4 Shapes: Hot rolled shapes will be in accordance with AISC.

1.5 Platform System

The Client has specified a platform to be built at top of the tower on which optic tower will be installed.

2. TOWER GEOMETRY
2.1 Tower Geometry

The tower has triangular shaped cross-section and having columns spacing of 20ft at the base and 8ft
at the top. Total height of the tower is 85ft. The tower has sloping legs from base up to height of 70ft,
and straight afterwards.

The tower also contains an optic platform having dimensions of 10ft x 10ft at its top on which a
maintenance platform is to be built.
Tower geometry is shown on GA drawing.

One type of bracing has been provided. This bracing is for attachment to the ladder.

3. DEAD LOAD
3.1 SW of Tower
reactions

3.2 Weight of Optic Platform and other Equipment

Excel sheet
4. WIND LOAD
4.1 Design Wind Speed (150 mph)
Wind load on tower has been calculated in accordance with ANSI/TIA-222-G.

From staad

5. EARTHQUAKE

If applied

6. ANALYSIS
For analysis a computer model of the tower is developed on STAAD PRO V8i software for structural
analysis and design. STAAD Pro is the acronym for Structural Analysis and Design. STAAD Pro is basically
a computer program originally developed by Research Engineers International.

STAAD Pro is today the most widely used software tool in the civil engineering field. This software is very
much different and feature-rich than AutoCAD, which is another popular software in the construction
field. AutoCAD allows a user to work on 2 dimensions only in little detail. On the other hand, STAAD Pro
allows the user to work on 3D or three-dimensional models in substantial detail. STAAD Pro considerably
reduces your manual calculation and time as well. 

6.1 Input Data

i) Constants

E = 29000 ksi

A is actual area of members:-

ii) Load Cases

Five load cases have been considered as under:-

Load cases

iii) Load Combinations

Four load combinations have been considered as under:-

Load combination
6.2 Mathematical Model
Mathematical Model is shown on Fig. 6.1.

6.3 Computer Results

Computer results are given in Appendix “A”.
7. DEFLECTION AND DISTORTION
Table
8. DESIGN OF TOWER
8.1 Design Standard
The design of tower is done in accordance with ANSI/TIA-222-G & AISC.

8.1.1 Materials: The materials used are as follows:-

i) Legs: ASTM A36 (Fy = 36 ksi , Fu = 58 ksi )

ii) Bracing & Horiz: ASTM A36 (Fy = 36 ksi , Fu = 58 ksi)

iii) Connection bolts: ISO GRADE 8.8 (Fyb = 628 N/mm2 , Fub = 785 N/mm2 )

8.1.2 Design of Members: The design strength of members shall be as follows:-

i) Design Axial Strength: The design axial strength of compression members shall be taken as φc Pn.

φc = 0.85 ; Pn = Ag Fcr

ii) Design Tensile Strength: The design axial tensile strength, φt Pn, of member shall be taken as the
lesser of yielding in the gross section, rupture in the net effective section, or block shear rupture. Block
shear failure is not applicable in this case.

For tension yielding in the gross section:

φt = 0.90 ; Pn = Ag Fy

For tension rupture in the effective net section:

φt = 0.75 ; Pn = Aen Fu

Effective net area:

Aen = An U ; 0.75≤ U≤ 0.9 (use U= 0.75 for diag & 0.9 for legs)