1. Define stress.

The resistance per unit area offered by a body against deformation is called stress.

2. Define shear stress.

When a body is subjected to tangential force, a resistance to deformation per unit
area is generated. It is called Shear stress. 9. Give the relation between modulus of elasticity and bulk modulus.

Where K – Bulk Modulus (N/mm2), E- modulus of elasticity (N/mm2), µ - Poisson

Ratio.
10. Define bulk modulus.
3. State Hooke’s law. Ratio of direct stress to volumetric strain when the body is subjected to two
Hooke’s states that, when a material is loaded within the elastic limit the stress is mutually perpendicular forces.
linearly proportional to strain. Therefore
Stress  Strain
σ=Ee
where, E = Young’s Modulus (N/mm2). ‘E’ is also called as elastic constant.
4. Define thermal stress. 11. Define principal plane and principal stress.
Stress generated in a body due to change in temperature when the body is not The plane in which the shear stress is zero is called principal plane.
allowed to expand or contract freely is called thermal stress. The normal stress which is acting on the principal plane is called
Thermal stress principal stress.
5. Define composite bar. 12. A material has a young’s modulus of 1.25 x 105 N/mm2 and poisson ratio of
A compound bar is an assembly of more than one bar of equal length made of 0.25. Calculate the modulus of rigidity.
different materials. It behaves as a single unit as it is fixed at the same end.
6. Differentiate elasticity and elastic limit

Elasticity is a property of a material to Elastic Limit is the maximum

regain its original shape and size when deformation of a body, before which
load is removed. there will be no permanent deformation.
7. Define principle of super position.
When a body is subjected to a number of external forces, the forces are split up,
and their effects are considered on individual sections. The resulting deformation,
of the body is equal to the algebraic sum of the deformations of the individual
sections.
8. Derive the relation for change in length of a bar hanging freely under its own
weight.
Formula’s

Stress

Relation between Youngs moduls and Bulk Modulus

Relation between Youngs modulus and Rigidity modulus

Volumetric strain