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Experiment No: 3

Channel Models for Wireless Communication Systems

Contents
• Task 1: Large –Scale Fading

• Free-space path loss model ( Friis Equation)

• Log distance path loss model
• Log normal shadowing path loss model

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Free-Space Path Loss Model
Pt = Transmitted Power
Pr = Received Power

Gt , Gr = Gains at antennas

d = Distance between Tx and Rx

λ = carrier wavelength

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Free-Space Path Loss Model (2)

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Free-Space Path Loss Model (3)

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MATLAB Simulation (1)
𝑐𝑐
• fc = 1.5 GHz =
λ
• G t = Gr = 1
• Range of distance , d : 0 - 1 km

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Free-Space Path Loss Model (4)

Deterministic Model

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Contents
• Task 1: Large –Scale Fading

• Free-space path loss model ( Friis Equation)

• Log distance path loss model
• Log normal shadowing path loss model

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Log-distance Path Loss Model
• Extension to Friis Free space model

• Works in a wide range of environments

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Log-distance Path Loss Model (2)

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MATLAB Simulation (2)
𝑐𝑐
• fc = 1.5 GHz =
λ
• Reference Distance = 100m , n = ( 2 – 6 )
• Range of distance , d : 0 - 1 km

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Log-distance Path Loss Model (3)

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Contents
• Task 1: Large –Scale Fading

• Free-space path loss model ( Friis Equation)

• Log distance path loss model
• Log normal shadowing path loss model

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Log normal Shadowing

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Log normal Shadowing(2)

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Log normal Shadowing(3)

Xσ ~ ( 0 , σ2 )
mean = 0 , standard deviation = σ

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MATLAB Simulation (3)
𝑐𝑐
• fc = 1.5 GHz =
λ
• Reference Distance = 100m , n = 2 - 6
• Range of distance , d : 0 - 1 km

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Log normal Shadowing(4)

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Contents
• Task 2: Small –Scale Fading

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Small-scale Fading
• multi-path propagation
• speed of the transmitter
• speed of the receiver
• speed of surrounding objects

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Small-scale Fading (2)
• Rapid fluctuations at a short period of time

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Small-scale Fading (3)
• Rayleigh Distribution ( Non- Line of Sight Environment)
• Rician Distribution ( Line of Sight Environment)

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Rayleigh Distribution

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Rayleigh Distribution (2)

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Rician Distribution

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Rician Distribution (2)

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