Models of Community

Development
 The importance of Community development can't be denied in development. It
provides at grassroots levels.
 There has been growing concentration in community-based development and
community-driven development that may provide greater treasured and
sustainable basis when it comes to people wishes and improvement.
"Community-based development and its similarly new alternative, Community
Driven Development are among the fastest growing techniques for channeling
development help.
 To provide an explanation for ideas, CBD is a shadow that offers to projects
which actively consist of beneficiaries of their layout and management.
 community driven development is a term to start with invented through the
world financial institutions that refer to tasks where the public have direct
strength greater key task choices as well as the management of asset finances.
 Asset-Based Community Development
 Asset-Based Community Development is a model supported on the principle
of recognizing and mobilizing person and community assets, instead of
specializing on issues and desires.
 The idea is that given the tools and the opportunity to small organizations of
local humans can alternate the matters that they accept as true with want
changing in their community better than all of us else.
 Once they have sought out about and applied their community resources for
the regular high-quality local people can make a decision whether or not to
manage in a further assist from outside. This is what is meant by the term
making change happen from inside-out.
 Asset Based Community Development (ABCD)
 Beyond the mobilisation of a particular community, it is concerned
with how to link micro-assets to the macro-environment.
 Asset Based Community Development’s idea is that communities can
drive the development process themselves by identifying and
mobilizing existing, but often unrecognised assets.
 Thereby responding to challenges and creating local social
improvement and economic development.
 Asset Based Community Development builds on the assets that are
found in the community and mobilizes individuals, associations, and
institutions to come together to realise and develop their strengths.
 From the start an Asset Based approach spends time identifying the
assets of individuals, associations and institutions that form the
community.
 The identified assets from an individual are matched with people or
groups who have an interest in or need for those strengths.
 The key is beginning to use what is already in the community. Then to
work together to build on the identified assets of all involved.
 Asset-based community development is a way to community
development that starts with what is present in a community which
includes the capacities and property of local individuals, institutions in
preference to with what is missing in a community and what a
community necessitates are.
 Asset-based community development is targeted on a community's
ability in place of on its scarcity.
 As an instance, rather than focusing on lacking basic facilities, this
method would focus on existing facilities and their success. Focusing on
its assets, the community as a whole will see its useful elements
inclusive of community backyards, a mentoring program, and the
various skills of its residents after which work on developing these
assets even more.
 The ABCD objectives to make sure that individuals and groups are not
customers, but they are received to becoming self enough and manage
their lives.
 ABCD has the potential to pick out their strengths and focus on what
they have got rather that what is lacking and on this way make
contributions to recognizing new talents.
 In modern years, asset-based community development has become the
main focal factor of community development developers.
 As a choice to the more generally experienced needbased method, ABCD
shifts the point of interest of community development from “crisis
resolving” to “resource constructing”.
 The Asset-based Community Development engages figuring out and
utilizing all the feasible assets in an area.
 Area assets encompass the capacities and abilities of people, managerial
capabilities, political relations, buildings and services, and financial
sources.
 it is essential to know the assets. Assets are a useful or valuable quality,
person or thing; an advantage or resource. Assets as the donations,
abilities and facilities of persons, organizations and institutions.
 The notion that persons within a community are assets is essential.
 Assets may be seen as several kinds, but (Rainey, Robinson, Allen, and
Christy (2003), presented three kinds assets: human, physical and social.
 According to Vidal and Keating (2004) physical assets includes the road,

building, infrastructure and natural resources within a community.

 Human assets are defined as the skills, talents, and knowledge of

community members. It is important to identify that not only are adults

part of a human asset but children and youth also contribute. It may

comprise labor market skills, leadership skills, general education

background, artistic development and appreciation, health, and other

skills and experience.

 The third asset is called social asset which refers to the social

relationship within a community. Social asset contains a stock of active

relations among people: the trust, mutual understanding, and shared

significances and faiths that tie the members of human nets and

communities and build supportive action possible. In the community

development context, the importance of social relationships is

indispensable to motivating local public and is a typically critical

element for the accomplishment of programs or initiatives. Social asset

contains the formal and informal organizations and groups, networks,

and ties that bind community members collectively.

 Five Key Assets in ABCD
 Communities can no longer be thought of as complex masses of needs and
problems, but rather diverse and potent webs of gifts and assets.
 Each community has a unique set of skills and capacities to channel for
community development.
 ABCD categorizes asset inventories into five groups:
o Individuals: At the center of ABCD are residents of the community
that have gifts and skills. Everyone has assets and gifts. Individual gifts
and assets need to be recognized and identified. In community
development you cannot do anything with people’s needs, only their
assets. Deficits or needs are only useful to institutions.
o Associations: Small informal groups of people, such as clubs, working
with a common interest as volunteers are called associations in ABCD
and are critical to community mobilization. They don’t control
anything; they are just coming together around a common interest by
their individual choice.
o Institutions: Paid groups of people who generally are professionals who are
structurally organized are called institutions. They include government agencies
and private business, as well as schools, etc. They can all be valuable resources.
The assets of these institutions help the community capture valuable resources
and establish a sense of civic responsibility.
o Physical Assets: Physical assets such as land, buildings, space, and funds are
other assets that can be used.
o Connections: There must be an exchange between people sharing their assets
by bartering, etc. These connections are made by people who are connectors. It
takes time to find out about individuals; this is normally done through building
relationships with individual by individual.
 Asset-based community development has the ability for national and
worldwide improvement exercise, and it's considered as an instrument
for improvement agents to counter dramatic modifications in the social,
political and economic landscape.
 The strengthening and increasing of relationships between individuals
and companies is equally vital as that among one-of-a-kind sectors and
improvement organizations: and the controlling and protection of this
network is fundamental to powerful community development.
 Some of the communities appearance to outside helps. It's argued that
technical aid from outdoor organization creates dependency and this
works in opposition to the idea of constructing the ability of local groups.
However, ABCD creates an opportunity for human beings to no longer
most effective participate in however additionally lead the community
planning process.
 In Pakistan, an asset-based approach method has been introduced with the
support of NGOs.
 Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) in Pakistan remains in its
formative years.
 Whilst a few initiatives are currently being performed through Aga Khan Rural
Support Programs, National Rural Support Programs, Sugi Foundation and
Organi Polite Project tried to sustain community development programs at
the local levels.
 The asset-based model changed into a successful method for increasing
people involvement inside the community planning process. ABCD affords
diverse advantages to communities across the country.
 Community individuals work together to bring about positive change by
building on and utilizing what is present in their community rather than listen
to outside sources tell them what their problems are and how to fix them.
Without involving and empowering local people, community development is
especially unproductive.
 Community-Driven Development
 The community-driven development model has grown to be a key plan used
by both authorities and public organizations.
 The community-driven development gives control of decisions and assets to
community corporations.
 These organizations frequently work in a joint challenge with demand-
responsive help corporations and service providers comprising local
governments, the personal sector, NGOs, and country wide agencies. CDD is a
mode to present social and infrastructure services to systematize financial
action and resource management, to empower local people, to enhance
governance, and to increase the safety of the poorest.
 Khwaja (2001) that community development programs prepared by local
communities had been greater maintainable than the ones implemented
through local governments or externals due to better maintenance of the
assets and infrastructure created by the project.
 On the other hand, Mosse (1997) mentioned that
o CDD programs that execute external institutional, financial, and
technical help have been not maintainable.
o In combined communities with tall social inequality, the overall
performance of CDD initiatives in concentrated on the negative has
been worse than that of externally managed programs.
o But, in addition, they disclosed that in democratic communities with
open and obvious systems of decision-making, focused on became
better with CDD than with development approaches using external
project management.
 CDD empowers community groups and local government by giving them
control over development planning and spending. It emphasises
participation and accountability, creating opportunities for the poor to gain
voice and control over their own development.
 People get enormous advantages from community-driven development model.

 The key goal to create a stability state of affairs among power relations in a manner

that creates organization and voice for prone people letting them have greater

manipulate the development process.

 It's predicted to build the distribution of development funds more available to their

needs, enhance the targeting of community development programs, make

government quicker to respond, expand the delivery of public goods and services,

and make stronger the skills of the community to undertake self-initiated

development programs.
 Objectives of CDD
 Poverty reduction
 Creation of public infrastructure
 Decentralization and improved local governance
 Social cohesion
 Community-driven improvement referred to as a bottom-up approach to
development and poverty discount believes on the area people's
participation and empowerment of economically marginalized groups.
 Community-Driven Development tries to empower local people by means of
giving the manipulate of choices and sources operation.
 The key aims of this model to make robust relationships with local
communities and local governments, NGOs and federal governments via a
mature corporation.
 It specializes in agent preserve and comprehensive CDD is taken into
consideration as a manner to gain a huge and great improvement agenda and
presenting health, education, housing, exercising, the organization of
financial intervention and resource management, the empowerment of the
vulnerable groups, the enhancement of governance system of the
marginalized people.
• community-Driven Development can enhance the dwelling standard of
people. For instance schooling, equality, governance, infrastructure, and
natural resource management.
• There may be some of the piratical proofs that local community
management and duty can broaden education outcomes. Local
community participation in education sports can inspire children to
attend school and compel them to offer all required services.
• Those groups that control school set up at the local level are also ready
to give any form of help to make it a success.
• The Philippines is one of the examples that community controlled
primary schools have lower fees even as preserving enrollment and
high-quality strong
Community Driven Development (CDD) approaches aim to empower people
in poverty by putting investments and responsibility for decision making in
their hands.In so doing, CDD works to build opportunities, strengthen the
people's voice to demand greater accountability of the institutions that are
relevant to their livelihoods, and to promote sustainable development.
Community Driven Development (CDD) Principles:
 Make investments responsive to informed demand. Programme
rules should facilitate informed choice so communities can select
priority options and enterprises that are within their capacity and
that they can afford to operate in the long run.
 Build participatory mechanisms for community control and
stakeholder involvement. Involvement of all stakholders should be
sought throughout all phases of the CDD project cycle.
 Invest in capacity building of community-based organizations (CBOs).
Building the capacity of CBOs and fostering relationships with formal
support institutions are productive investments in themselves, but
should include explicit exit strategies.
 Facilitate community access to information. Facilitating flows of
information with all groups in a community in terms of programme
contents and rules, linkages with government and markets, and good
practices of CBOs is an essential component of CDD.
 Develop simple rules and strong incentives supported by monitoring
and evaluation. Community access to resources should be governed
by simple rules and procedures that are easy for communities to
interpret and apply. Participatory monitoring and evaluation is an
important tool for community assessment of its own performance.
 Establish enabling institutional and policy frameworks. Fostering an
enabling environment includes:
(i) responsive decentralized local governments and inter-
governmental arrangements;
(ii) a conducive legal and regulatory framework that supports
community action; and
(iii) clear sector policies with well defined roles and responsibilities
for key players in each sector.
According to Human Development Report (2002) Community-Driven
Development offers key recognition on local people empowerment via the
decision making and assets management. Later it can be promoted via the
advanced transparency in decision making encouraged by the information
campaigns that naturally go with a CDD program, the capacity building is
executed at the community stage for self-began development, and social
responsibility introduced about through participatory M&E. These
concerns of voice and duty are critical for deepening participatory
democracy. Currently, some of the communitydriven development
projects are working with local governments, specifically, while the
concluding are at early stages of development. Imposing devolution
reform and better local governance have to turn out to be a key
authorization for CDD interventions