Sir, can you explain in detail what is the working principle of an alternating current generator or

alternator? Let us think about a single rectangular turn placed in between North and South Pole of a
magnet as shown here, say this single turn loop AAA, BCG can rotate against tax if smaller a B after
ninety degrees clockwise rotation the side A, B of the loop comes in front of South Pole and side C, D
comes in front of North Pole as home here.

The magnetic flux as we can see here, is formed North Pole to South Pole at this position. The
tangential motion of the side of B is just perpendicular to the magnetic flux lines. Therefore, rate of
flux cutting by the conductor a B is maximum here. And for that flux cutting, there will be an induced
current in the conductor Ruby as the rate of flux cutting is maximum at this position. The induced
current would also be maximum. As we know that induced current is directly proportional to the rate
of flux cutting.

Now if we are apply Flemming's right hand rule here, we will see the direction of the induced current
and the direction of this induced current will be from eight to be. At the same time, the conductor, c.D,
comes on the North Pole. And here also, if we are apply Fleming right hand rule, we will get the
direction of induced current and it will be from C d. Now, after clockwise rotation of another 90
degrees, the turn ABC D comes at vertical position again.

As shown at this position, the tangential motion of conductor of B and C D is just parallel to the
magnetic flux lines. Hence there will be no flux cutting that has no current in the conductor. While the
turn ABC d comes from horizontal position to vertical position angle between flux lines and direction
of motion of conductor reduces from 90 degrees to zero degrees. And consequently the induced
currents in the turn is reduced to zero from its maximum value. After another clockwise rotation of 90
degrees.

The turn. Again, come to a horizontal position and hear conductor Ray B comes under in Poland, c D
comes under s pole. And here, if we again apply Fleming's Right-Hand rule, we will see that induced
current income ductility a B is from point B to A and induced current in the conductor c.D is from D to
C as this position, the turn comes at horizontal position from its vertical position. The electric current
in the conductors comes to its maximum value.

That means current is circulating in the close turned from point B to A AA to D, D to C and from sea to
B, just reverse of the previous horizontal position when the current was circulating as A to B, B to C, C
to D and D to a while, the turn further proceeds to its vertical position. The current is again reduced to
zero. So if the turn continues to rotate, the current in the turn continually alternate its direction.

So we have seen how an alternating current is produced in a turn which is rotated inside a magnetic
field. Now we cut the loop and connect it to ends with two slip rings and stationary terminals of a
simple lamp circuit are placed on slip rings when the loop rotates. We will get an alternating current in
the circuit due to which the lamp will glow. This is our elementary model of alternator. Thank you.
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