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Archive of SID

ŹŵƖƣřƹƾŤƠƳƽŚƷƱřŶǀƯƾƳżŴƯƽŚƷƢƟřŹŵƾĭŵŹƺųƲǀģƾƄŞƴūƪǀƬŰţ
ƩƺƟŻŵƾĭŵŚŤƟřƹźƟ


**ƾưſŚƣŚƋŹŶưŰƯźŤƧŵƹ *ƾŝřźţŚŤǀƳōƶŤƃƺƳ


Kinematic Analysis of Reservoir Horizons in


the Oil Fields of Dezful Embayment
By: A.Torabi* & Dr.M.R.Ghassemi**

ƵŶǀƨģ
ƽřŹřŵŢſřƖƣřƹźºŤųŚŝśƺƴūŹŵŽźĭřŻƭƺŝƂǀěƶƬƀĭƹ ŹƹŚºųƩŚưƃŹŵƩƺƟŻŵŢƀƄƳƹźƟƪƀĭźŤųŚŝƩŚưƃŹŵŵƹŹLJŚŝƂưųƲǀŝƶƧƩƺƟŻŵƾĭŵŚŤƟřƹźƟ
Ţſř ƽř ƶƔůLjƯ ƪŝŚƣ ƾƳŚưŤųŚſ ŢººƟř ƽřŹřŵ ƶººƤƐƴƯ Ʋƿř ŶƃŚŝ ƾƯ ƾſŚƴƃ ƲǀƯŻ ƾŤºƀƿŻƺƳ ƹ ƾŤºƀƿŻ ƶƳŚǀƯ ƱřŹƹŵ ƽŚƷ śƺſŹ Żř ƽźºŞŤſƹ ƪƯŚƧ ƾƫřƺºººţ
ƶŝřŹƽŶƷřƺƃŚƸƀƿŶƣŚţŻřƾƤưƗ(profiles)ƽŚƸųźưǀƳƶǀƸţƹƽřƵŻźƫśŚţŻŚŝƍƺƐųźǀƀƠţƶƿŚěźŝƩƺƟŻŵŢƀƄƳƹźƟƾƳżŴƯžƿŶƣŚţŪƴěƽŹŚŤųŚſƽŚƷƾſŹźŝ

ƭřƺººƣźěƾƳżºººŴƯƽŚƷƶƿLJ
 (dip isogon) ŜǀƃƮƷƍƺººƐųƶſŶƴƷƹŚƷƶƿLJ(relative competence )ƾŞƀƳƭřƺƣƶŝƶūƺţŚŝ ŢſřƶŤųŚſŹŚƨƃōźƿŻŭźƃ
ƹźºĭ ƹƾěŹƺĭƵŶºŝŚěŶƴƳŚƯ incompetent ƭřƺºººƣƮƧƂƃƺěƹŐººººƄƴƯƽŚƷƶƿLJƹ 1BƵŵŹƱŚººƿŹřŵƹƭLjººººƿřƥƹźºſƽŹŚººưſōŶƴƳŚƯ competent)
Ʋǀģ(fault-bend folding)ƶƬƀĭƮººųƽŚƷƲǀģƂƬƀĭŚŝƾĭŵŹƺųƲºººǀģƍŚŞţŹřƵŚĭŶƿŵŻř.ŶƴŤƀƷřŹřŵ ƽżººººƯŹƽŶºƴŝƵŵŹŽŚſřźŝřŹ1Cƹ1AƵŵŹ
Śŝ ŵźƧƵŶƷŚƄƯŚƸƀƿŶƣŚţƲƿř ŵŹƺƯ ŹŵƱřƺţƾƯřŹ (antiformal stack)ŢŴƿŹơŚţŢƃŚºººººŞƳřƱŚưŤųŚſ ƹ (fault-propagation folding)ƶƬƀĭƽƹźƄǀě
ŶǀƠſ ŢƠƳ ƾŤƠƳ ƱřŶºǀƯ žŶƷŵ ƾƯ ƱŚƄƳ řŹ ŢŴƿŹơŚţŢƃŚŞƳř ƾĭŵŹƺųƲǀģ ƩŶƯ ƪƨŤƠƷ ƾŤƠƳ ƱřŶºººǀƯ ƽřƵŻźƫśŚţŻŚŝƽŚƸųźưǀƳź
 ºǀƀƠţƹƾſŹźŝƶŝƶūƺţ
ƹ ŪºƳźƧƾŤƠƳƽŚƷƱřŶǀƯƹ ŵƺƃ ƾƯ źǀƀƠţ ƶƬƀĭ ƽƹźººƄǀě ƾĭŵŹƺų Ʋºǀģ ƕƺƳ Żř ƾſŹŚě ƾŤƠƳ ƱřŶǀƯžŶƷŵ ƾƯ ƱŚƄƳ řŹ ƶƬƀĭ Ʈų ƾĭŵŹƺų Ʋǀģ ƩŶƯ
ŵŹřŵŢƤŝŚƐƯƾƄƿřŶūƾĭŵŹƺųƲǀģƩŶƯŚŝLJŚưŤůřƲºǀţŚƯŚƯ

ƾƄƿřŶūƾĭŵŹƺųƲǀģŢŴƿŹơŚţƭřƺƣŽźĭřŻƭƺŝƂǀěŵƹŹLJŚŝƪƀĭƩƺƟŻŵƾĭŵŚŤƟřƹźƟƽŶǀƬƧƽŚƷƵĥřƹ

Abstract
Dezful embayment located in southwest Iran is bounded to Bala-Rud flexure towards northwest, Dezful embayment fault
towards northeast, Mountain front fault towards north, and Zagros foredeep fault towards southwest. The embayment consists
of thick sedimentary sequences of Mesozoic and Cenozoic time. The whole region is charecterised by intense structural
depression. Structural analysis of five anticline reservoirs in Dezful embayment based on interpretation of seismic reflection
profiles, and depth sections indicates: Based on dip isogons analysis, and relative competence of the layers, the (competent)
reservoir horizons such as Asmari, Sarvak, and Dariyan are of class 1B, while source and cap rock (incompetent) layers such
as Pabdeh, Gurpi, and Garu are of class 1A and 1C. Regarding fault-fold relationship, there are fault-propagation folds and
fault-bend folds. The Haftkel structure is interpreted as antiformal stack; the Naft sefid structure is fault-bend fold; the Parsi
field is fault-propagation fold, and Mamatain and Karanj structures are possibly detachment folds.

Key words:Dezful embayment,Bala-Rud fault,Zagros foreland,Competent,Antiformal stack,Detachment folds.


 
 ƶƯŶƤƯ
ƶūƺţŵŹƺƯŻŚŝźƿŵŻř ŹƺƔƴƯƹŵ ƶŝŚƷźǀĮŤƠƳƕƺƳ Ʋƿř ƶººººſŶƴƷ ŢºųŚƴƃ ŻřƱřźººƿřźŤųŚŝśƺƴūƹśƺƴūƽŚƷźººǀĭŢƠƳƮººƔƗřƂºŴŝƶƧŚŬƳōŻř
ŵřƺƯ ƖưŬţ ƽřźŝ ŜſŚƴƯ ƢƏŚƴƯ ŢųŚƴƃ Ʃƹř Ţſř ƶŤƟźĭ Źřźƣ ŶºººƴƃŚŝƾƯ ƂƬƀĭŚŝƎŞţźƯƽŚƷžƿŵƹŚƳƹžƿŶƣŚţ ƽŹŚŤųŚſƕƺºººƳ


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žƿŶƣŚţ Ūƴě  Pattinson&Takin,1971  ŵŹřŶƳ ƱƺưƴųŹ ƽŹŚưºſō ƱŻŚŴƯ ƶƘſƺţ ŹƺƔƴƯ ƶŝ ŜſŚƴƯ ƽżƿŹ ƶƯŚƳźŝ ƭƹŵ ƹ ƽŹƺºººŝźƧƹŹŶǀƷ
ƽŹƹŚųśƺƴūƶŝƽźŤųŚŝƩŚưƃŻřŜǀţźţƶŝƂºƷƹĦěƲƿřŹŵƾſŹźŝŵŹƺƯ śƺƴūƹśƺºƴūƶƤƐƴƯƽŚƷŹŚŤųŚſƾſŹźŝźĮƿŵƽƺſŻř ƵŶƃƝŚƄŤƧř
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ƶſŶƴƷ řŶŤŝř ƶƘƫŚƐƯ Ʋƿř Źŵ ŵƺưƳ ƺŬŤƀū ƾſŚƴƃ ƲǀƯŻ źºƔƳ Żř ƶŝŚºƄƯ
ƾĭŵŹƺųƲǀģŹŚƧƹŻŚſƹŚƷƲǀģƾƄŞƴūƪǀƬŰţç
ƹƾƳŚǀƯƶſŚţźƧƹƲſƺǀƯºƺĮǀƫř ƾƳżŴƯƽŚƷƢƟřƵŵŹƺųƲǀģƽŚƷŮƐſ
ƽŚƷ Ʋǀģ ŹƺŰƯ ƽŚŤſřŹ źŝ ŵƺưƗ ƽř ƵŻźƫ ƍƺƐų ƾƳŚƯŻ źǀƀƠţ Żř žě
ƽŚƷƁźŝ
 ŚƷƵŚģ ƮǀƤŤƀƯźǀƛƹƮǀƤŤƀƯƽŚƷƵŵřŵƾƯŚưţŻřƵŵŚƠŤſřŚŝ ƲƿźƿŻ
ŚƸƳōƪƿŶŞţƹƵŶƯōŢſŵƶŝƍŚƤƳ migration ƱŵřŵġƺƧƹƶƘƫŚƐƯŵŹƺƯ
ƪǀƬŰţžĜſƹ Ŷƃ ƲǀǀƘţƹƾºſŹźŝ ƽř ƵŻźƫƽŚƷűźưǀƳ ƹƾſŚƴƃ ƲǀƯŻ
žĜſŶƯōŢſŵƶŝƲƿŵŚǀƯŻřƭřŶƧźƷŻř profile ƾƿŚƷűźưǀƳƢưƗƶŝ
ŵŹƺƯƽŚºƷŹŚººŤųŚſŹŵšŚƤŞƏƶƗƺưŬƯ (kinematic analysis) ƾƄŞƴū
ƶƐŝřŹƾſŹźŝƽřźŝ Twiss & Moores (1992)ƁƹŹŻřƵŵŚººººƠŤſřŚŝ
ƹźƟ Źŵ ƾŤƠƳ ƱřŶǀƯ Ūƴě ŹƺºººººƔƴƯ ƲǀưƷ ƶŝ ŢƟźĭ šŹƺƇ ƶººƘƫŚººƐƯ
ƾŞƀƳƭřƺƣƹŚƷƲǀģŹŵ  dip Isogone  ŜǀƃƮƷƍƺƐųƽŶƴŝƵŵŹƲǀŝ
ƶƘƫŚƐƯƭŚŬƳřŚŝŵƹŹƾƯ ŶºººǀƯř ŶƴŤƟźĭŹřźƣƾſŹźŝŵŹƺƯƩƺƟŻŵƾĭŵŚŤƟř
ƶǀůŚƳŹŵ ƾĭŵŹƺų ƲǀģŹŚƧ ƹ ŻŚſ ŚƷ ƶƿLJ relative competence
ƾŤƠƳƮƸƯƶǀůŚƳƱŻŚŴƯŹŵŵƺūƺƯƽŹŚŤųŚſƽŚƷƾĭŶǀĤǀěŻřƾųźŝźƋŚů
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ŵƺƃƲƃƹŹƩƺƟŻŵ
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ŢſřƶŤƟźĭ
ƾŤųŚƴƃƲǀƯŻƵŚĮƿŚūæ
ƶŝ ƶƿLJ Ŷƴģ ŶƃŚŝ źƠƇ competence contrast  ƭřƺƣ ƝLjŤųř źĭř
ƩŚºưƃ Źŵ ƱŚºŤƀƷƺƧ ƶƸŞū ƽŚƷ ƪƀĭ Ʋǀŝ Źŵ ƩƺƟŻŵ ƾĭŵŚººŤƟř ƹźƟ
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śƺƴū Źŵ ƵŸººƿř ƪƀĭƹ ƽ źºŤųŚŝ ƩŚưƃ Źŵ ŵƹŹLJŚŝ Ƃºưų ƽŹƹŚų
Ţſř ƲƨưƯ ŚƷ ƶƿLJ ƶŤſŵ šƹŚƠŤƯ competent  ƭřƺººƣ źºě ƽŚºƷƶºƿLJ

řŹ ŽźĭřŻ ŵřżºººººƷƺƧ ƽŚƷ Ţưƀƣ Ʋƿźţ ƾūŹŚų Żř ƾƄŴŝ ƽŹƹŚų
ƽŚƷƶƿLJŻřƭřŶƧźƷŻřźţīŹżŝźŧŒƯƽřźŞŤſŚŝŵźººƠƴƯŶůřƹƦƿƶŝƶǀŞƃ

źƔƳ Żř Źřƺū ƮƷ ƢƏŚƴƯ ƶŝ ŢŞƀƳ ƾĭŵŚºººŤƟř ƹźƟ Ʋƿř ŶƷŵ ƾƯ ƪǀƨƄţ
ƶŤſŵƦƿƱƹŹŵƾŨƴųŮƐſƦƿźĭřŢƫŚůƲººƿřŹŵŶƴƴƧŹŚŤƟŹŵźººƠƴƯ
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Źŵ ƾŨƴų ŮƐſ ĥƺƧŢưſƽƹŹ źŝŚƷƶººƿLJŢſř ƲƨưƯŵźǀĮŝ ƪƨºƃ
ƝLjººŤųř Ʋƿř Ţſř ƵŵŹƺų ƲºººǀģźººŤưƧ ŽŚŞƗ ŹŶƴŝ hinterland
ŶƷřƺųƱŚƄƳřŹ1AƵŵŹƶſŶƴƷƲǀģƹŶƳƺƃƥŻŚƳƹƵŶǀƄƧŚƷLJƺƫƪŰƯ
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ƮƧƹƭřƺºƣźěƽŚƷŶƳŻŚſŚƿŚƷƶƿLJśƹŚƴţŻřŚƷƲºǀģŻřƽŹŚǀƀŝŚƯřŵřŵ
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Żř ƭřƺººººƣ ƮƧ ƽŚƷ ƶƿLJ ƾŤƫŚů ƲǀƴģŹŵ ŶƳƺƃ ƾƯ ƪǀƨƄţ ƭřƺºƣ
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ŶƴƳŚƯŚƸƳōŚŝƶŝŚƄƯƽŚƷŹŚŤųŚſŐºƄƴƯ æèìéƾºƘǀºƐƯ ƱřźĮƄƷƹĦěƾųźŝ
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 ººģ ƶºººƬưººū Żř ƶƧ 1B ƵŵŹ ƽŚººƷƲ
Źŵ ƩƺººưƘƯ ƽŚƷƲǀ  ººǀģ
ŶƳřƵŵƺŝƩŚººƘƟƾƿLJŚŝƶººſŚţźƧƩƺƏŹŵƶƧŶƳřƵŵřŵŢŞƀƳĬƴſƾě
ƽřŹřŵ ŚººƯƺưƗ ŶººƴƃŚººŝ ƾƯ ƾĭŶºººƳřŹ ƹ Ʋǀººģ ƽŚƷŶºƴŝźººưƧ
Ʊřƺºţ ƾƯ ŽźººĭřŻ ƾſŚƴƃ ƲǀƯŻ ƽŚƷ ƶºƄƤƳ ƶŝ ƾƫŚưººūř ƾƷŚĮƳ Śŝ
ŶƴºƃŚŝ ƾƯ flexural folding  ƾºƄưų ƾĭŵŹƺºų Ʋǀģ ŹŚººƧƹŻŚºººſ
(Plat form)ƽƺƨſƽŚƷ
 ƱŚ ººưŤųŚſƲǀŝƽřƵĦƿƹƽŚƷ
  ƠţƶƧŢºƟŚººƿŹŵ
šƹŚ
 flexural shear ƾƄưųƁźŝ orthogonal flexure ƽŵƺưƗƂưų
ŚƷžºƿŶƣŚţ ŽŹŚƟ Źŵ ľLjŨƯ Ţſř ŵƺūƺƯ ƩƺƟŻŵ ƾĭŵŚŤƟř ƹźƟ ƹ ŽŹŚƟ
ƽŚƷ ƩŶƯ volume-loss flexure  ƮºººŬů ƂƷŚƧ Śŝ ƵřźưƷ Ƃưų ƹ
ŹŚǀƀŝŽŹŚƟƽƺƨſŹŵ ŚƷžƿŵƹŚƳƹŶƳř
 
ƵŶºƃƽźţ
ƝŹĥƂƿŚººſźƟŹŚģŵ
ƾĭŵŹƺųƲºǀģƶƫƺƤƯŹŵƾĮưƷƶƧŢſřƾĭŵŹƺųƲǀģƽřźŝƾƳƺĭŚƳƺĭ
ŢƀǀƳƲǀƴģƩƺƟŻŵƾĭŵŚŤƟřƹźƟŹŵƶƧƾƫŚůŹŵŶƴŤƀƷƦƿŹŚŝ
ŵƺưƗŢƸūŹŵŚƷƶƿLJŢƯŚŴƋƩŶƯƶſźƷƲƿřŹŵŶƳźǀĭƾƯŹřźƣƾƄưų
ŽŹŚºƟźºŤųŚŝŹŵƶƧŚƷžƿŶºººƣŚţƾĮºººƴţŚĮƴţƹƾƨƿŵżƳźĮƿŵƽƺſŻř
ŶƳŚƯƾƯƾƣŚŝŢŝŚŧƽŶƴŝƶƿLJźŝ
ƵƹLjƗ ƶŝ ŵƺƃ ƾưƳ ƵŶƷŚƄƯ ƩƺƟŻŵ ƾĭŵŚººŤƟř ƹźƟ Źŵ ŵƺƃ ƾƯ ƵŶƿŵ
ƾººŤŴººƿŹźºĭŵ ƪưŰţ ƶŝ ŹŵŚºƣ ƲƿřźŝŚƴŝ ƹ ŶƴƃŚŝ źţ ƭřƺƣ ƮƧ ŚƷ ƶƿLJ źĭř
ƩƺºƟŻŵƾĭŵŚººŤƟřƹźƟŻřŜţřźƯƶŝŽŹŚƟƭźƠţLjěŹŵƾŝƺſŹƶƿƹŹƽřźºŞŤſ
ƽŵźĮƳŚƀưƷŚƳ ƽřŹřŵ ŚƷ ƶƿLJ źĭř Śƿ ŶƴƃŚŝ ƽźŤƄǀŝ (ductile) ƭźºººƳ
Źƺºƌů ƮºƸƯ ƽŚƷ šƹŚºƠţ źĮººƿŵ Żř  æèìé ƾƘººǀƐƯ  Ţſř źººŤưƧ
ŵƺųƱƹŹŵŹŵƾ޺ſŚƴƯƽřƶŰƠƇ(mechanical anisotropy)ƾƨǀƳŚƨƯ
Ţſř ƩƺƟŻŵ ƾĭŵŚŤºƟř ƹźƟ Źŵ ŚƸƳō Źƺƌů ƭŶƗƹ ŽŹŚƟ Źŵ ƾƨưƳŶŞƴĭ
ƾĭŹřƺĭźŝŚƿ ƽř ƶƿLJ Ʋǀŝ ƪǀƃ ƹ šźģ ƥŻŚƳ ƽŚƷ ƶƿLJ ŶƴƳŚƯ  ŶƴƃŚŝ
ŶºººƳŻŚſ Ʊō Źŵ ƶƧ Ţſř Ʊō ƩƺºƟŻŵ ŢƀƄƳƹźƟ ƶƈŴƄƯ ƾĭĦƿƹ źĮƿŵ

 è êçêæƵŹŚưƃƮƷŵŻŚƿƩŚſíèƱŚŤƀŝŚţƹŹŚƸŝ
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Archive of SID
ƩƺƟŻŵƾĭŵŚŤƟřƹźƟŹŵƖƣřƹİŤƠƳįŚƷƱřŶǀƯƱżŴƯįŚƷ
 
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ƲǀģİƄŞƴūƪǀƬŰţ


řŹ ƽźſ Ʋƿř Ʋºſ ƽŵŚººººưŤƯ ƽŚƷ ƩŚſ ƽřźŝ Ţſř ƵŶºººƃ ƵřźººưƷ ƲƨưƯ ƵŚĭ Ʊō  Ţſř ƶŤƟźĭ ƪƨƃ ƽŶƴŝ ƶƿLJ šřŻřƺƯ ƶŝ ƶƧ ƾƈŴƄƯ
ƶŝ řŹ Ʊō Żř ƾƄººŴŝ řźǀųř ŚºƯř ŶºƴŤƟźĭ ƾƯ źººƔƳ Źŵ ƲƿźƿŻ ƲƿźŞƯŚƧ ƾƄưų ƾƃźŝ ƾĭŵŹƺų Ʋǀģ ƽŵƺưƗ Ƃºººººưų źŝ ƵƹLjƗ Ţſř
 Stöklin,1968;Kent,1970 ŶººƴººƷŵƾƯŢººŞƀƳ
  Ʀ
Ʋǀƀě ǀŗƹŻƹźºţƹźººě  śçƪƨƃ ŶººƷŵűŹżǀƳ flexural shear folding
ƾƫřƺţ Źŵ Ƶƹźĭ ƲƿźţźŞŤºººſ  Competent Group  ƭřƺƣźě Ƶƹźĭ ę ƲǀģƹŚƧŢưſƶŝƶƧŶƴŤƀƷƾŞǀƃƮƷƽŚƷƎųƽřŹřŵ1CƵŵŹƽŚƷƲǀģ
ŚţƲƿźŞƯŚƧŻřŚƸƳōƲſƶƧŢſřšŚŝƺſŹƶƗƺưŬƯƦƿƪƯŚƃƾŤƃŚĮƳƶƴǀģ Ʋǀģ ƽŚƷ ƩŚƿ ƽƹŹ Źŵ  1B ƵŵŹ šŶƃ ƶŝ ƶƳ ƶŤŞƫř  ŶƳƺƃ ƾƯ řźĮưƷ
źƠǀƴŝźƧŚţƲƿźŞƯŚƧƽŚƷĬƴſƪƯŚƃƾƫřƺţƲƿřƾƴǀƿŚěƂŴŝŢſřƲſƺǀƯ ŚƸƴţLJƺƫƶƤƐƴƯŹŵƶƧƾƫŚůŹŵŶƴŝŚƿƾƯƁźŝšŶƃƶŝƭřƺƣƮƧƽŚƷƶƿLJ

ƶţŚƴŝźƧƽŚƷĬƴſƹƶſŚƯĬƴſƪǀƃŻřƶƧŢſř źŤƯ çåååŵƹŶůŹŵ ŶƳƺƃƾƯ flat ƝŚƇƹŲě
ƾƳŚǀƯƂŴŝŢſřƵŶƃƪǀƨƄţƾƗźƟšŹƺƇƶŝƽźǀŴŞţŵřƺƯƹƱŹŚƯŚŝ ƾĭŵŹƺųƲǀģŹŚƧƹŻŚſŻřƾƃŚƳřŹ ƶŝŚƄƯƽŚƷƲǀģ  çƵŵŹƽŚƷƲǀģ
ƶţŚƴŝźƧ ƽŚƸĮƴſ Żř ŚŞƫŚƛ ƶƧ Ţſř ƾƿLJŚŝ ƶſŚţźƧ Śţ ƲǀƯźě ƾƫřƺţ ƪƯŚƃ ƾĭŵŹƺųƲǀģƶƧ ŶƴƳřŵƾƯ passive shear folding  ƩŚƘƟźǀƛƾƃźŝ
ƂŴŝƲƿřŢſřƵŶƃƪǀƨƄţƾƗźƟšŹƺƇƶŝƽźǀŴŞţŵřƺƯƹƪǀƃƱŹŚƯ Ʋƿř Źŵ ŵƺƃ ƾƯ ƵŶǀƯŚƳ żǀƳ ƾƳŚƿźū ƾĭŵŹƺų Ʋǀģ Śƿ ƩŚƘƟ źǀƛ ƱŚƿźū
Ʋſ ƶŝ Ƶƹźĭ ƾƿLJŚŝ ƂŴŝ ŵŹřŵ źŤƯ èåååéååå ŵƹŶůŹŵ ƾƿřźŞŤſ ƾĭŵŹƺųƲǀģƽƹŹźŝƽźǀŧŐţĢǀƷƹŶƴŤƀƷƭřƺƣƮƧľřŶƿŶƃŚƷƶƿLJŢƫŚů
ŚŝƶƧŢſřƾƿŚƷƦºƷōƹƪǀƃƪƯŚƃƹŢſřƲſƺĮǀƫřŚţƾƿLJŚŝƶſŚţźƧ ƾƯŢŞŧřŹšŚŰƠƇƾŤŴƿŹźĭŵƶƧƶƳŚƄƳƦƿšŹƺƇƶŝŚƸƴţƶƨƬŝŶƳŹřŶƳ
Ĭƴſ Ɓƺě ŢƿŹŶºǀƳř ƹ ƽŹŚưºſō Źřŵ ŢƠƳ ƹ ƽř Ƶŵƺţ ƽŚƷ ƦºƷō ƽŻřƺƯ ƲǀģŹƺŰƯƹƲǀģƽLJƺƫƶŝŚƄƯƽŚƷƲǀģŹŵŶƴƴƧƾƯƪưƗŶƴƴƧ
ŚƷĬƴſƲƿřƽřźŞŤſ
 ŶƳƺƃƾƯƵŶƳŚºƃƺě ƱřŹŚººƀĤĭŶƳŻŚſƾƴǀŗŚěŢưƀƣ Ʋǀģ ƕƺƳ Ʋƿř Źŵ ŶƴŤƀƷ ƽŶƴŝ ƶƿLJ ƹ Ɓźŝ ƽŚƷ ƶŰƠƇ ƖƏŚƤţ ƪŰƯ Śŝ
źŤƯ ëåååŵƹŶůŹŵƭřƺƣźěƵƹźĭƾƬƧƽřźŞŤſŢſřźŤƯ æåååŵƹŶůŹŵ ŚƷƶƿLJƶŝŢŞƀƳźƠƇźǀƛƶƿƹřŻźƷŚŝŢſřƲƨưƯƁźŝšŚŰƠƇƾĭŵŹƺų
ŢſřźŤƯìåååŚţ źƷ Ţſř ƲƨưƯ Ɓźŝ šŚŰƠƇ ƱƹŹŵ Źŵ Ɓźŝ ŢƸūƹ ŶƴƃŚŝ ƶŤƃřŵŹřźƣ
ƭřƺƣźě Ƶƹźºººĭ  Upper Mobile Group  ƾƿLJŚŝƥźºººŰŤƯ Ƶƹźĭ š ŶƴƃŚŝƵŵŹƺųƲǀģƶƿLJƽŻřƺƯƶƧƱōŌŚƴŨŤſřƶŝŶƴƃŚŝƶŤƃřŵƾŤƸū
ƱřŹŚºƀĤĭ ŶƳŻŚſ ƾƳŚǀƯ ƂŴŝ ƽŚƷ ƱŹŚƯ ƹ ŢƿŹŶºǀƳř žººĜƿĥ ƦưƳ Śŝ ŢưſƭřƺƣƮƧƽřƶƿLJŹŵƶƧŶƳźǀĭƾƯƪƨƃƾŤƫŚůŹŵèƵŵŹƽŚƷƲǀģ
ƶººŤųŚººƴƃ ƾºŝƺų ƶŝ ŚƸĮƴſ Ʋºƿř ƾƳŚưŤųŚºſ ƥźºŰţ ŵƺƃƾƯ ƵŶºƳŚƃƺě ŶƃŚŝƶŤƃřŵƹŚººƧŢưſƶŝŢŞƀƳƽźººŤƨģƺƧƾĭŶǀưųƕŚƘƃƲǀģĥƺƧ
Desitter,1964; Lees et al., 1940; O’Brien, 1950; ŢſřƵŶººƃ ƶŝƶƿLJƽřźŞŤſƹŶƴŤƀƷřźĭřƹŜǀƃ ƮƷƽŚƷƎųŚƷƲǀģƕƺºƳƲƿřŹŵ
Ƶƹźĭ Ʋƿř ƾŤººƃŚĮƳ ƶºƴǀģ ƽřźŞŤſ ƽźǀĭ ƵŻřŶƳř (Hills, 1963 ŶŝŚƿƾƯƂƷŚƧŚƷƩŚƿƽƺſƶŝLJƺƫŻřƽŹƺºŰƯźŧřšřŻřƺººƯ
Śţ çƽŚƷƂºººŴŝ ƵƹźºººĭƲºººƿřƱřŹŚƀĤĭƾŤƠƳƱřŶǀƯŹŵŢſřŹřƺºƃŵ 
 James & Wynd, 1965 ŵŹřŵřźŞŤſźººŤƯçåååŵƹŶºůŹŵ ë ƹ ŚƷ ƶƿLJ ƾŞƀƳ ƭřƺƣ ƵŵŹƺų Ʋǀģ ƽŚƷ ƶƿLJ ƾƨǀƳŚƨƯ ƽŚƷ ƾĭĦƿƹ çæ

ƵŶƳŚưºǀƣŚŝ Ţưƀƣ  Incompetent Group  ƭřƺºººƣ ƮƧ Ƶƹźººĭ – ť ƂƿřŶūƽŚƷŮƐſŵƺūƹ

ƪǀƃ ƶƿLJ ƥŻŚƳ ƽŚƷ ƱŹŚƯ Żř ƽř ƶƗƺưŬƯ ƪƯŚƃ ƾſŚƴƃ ƶƴǀģ ƾƫřƺţ ƵŵŹƺųƲǀģƽŚƷƶƿLJƾƨǀƳŚƨƯƽŚƷƾĭĦƿƹƾſŹźŝƽřźŝŹŚŤƃƺƳƲƿřŹŵ

ƲſƺǀƯ ŢƿŹŶǀƳřŚŝƾƗźƟšŹƺƇƶŝƶƧŢſřƁƺºūĬƴſƹƶſŚƯĬƴſ Żř ŽźĭřŻ Źŵ decollement  ƂƿřŶū ƽŚƷ ŮƐſ ŵƺūƹ ƹ ƾŞƀƳ ƭřƺƣ

ƮƷƽŚƷƁƺūĬƴºººººſŚŝƾƫřƺţƲƿřŶƃŚŝƾƯƵřźưƷ ƲſƺǀƬěŚţƲƿźƿŻ ƱƺºººººŤſ Ʋƿźŝř Ţſř ƵŶƃ ƵŵŚƠŤſř O’Brien (1950) ƽŶƴŝ ƶƤŞƏ

ŶƳŻŚſ ƲºſƺŤƀºººǀººŘƬě Śţ ƲſƺººǀƬě syntectonic  ŢųŚſ ƲǀƯŻ Śŝ ƱŚƯŻ ŢſřƵŵźºººƧƮǀƀƤţƾƳŚưŤųŚſŶººůřƹêƶŝřŹŽźººĭřŻƽŹŚĮƳƶºººººƴǀģ

ŵƺƃƾƯƵŶƳŚƃƺěƽŹŚººǀŤŴŝ ƾě ŻřƵŶºººƯōŢſŵƶŝšŚƗLjƏřƶưƷ Basement ĬƴſƾěƵƹźĭ ō

źĮƳŚƿŚưƳ ƶƧ Ţſř šƹŚƠŤƯ ƞƬŤŴƯ ƽŚƷŚū Źŵ ƭřƺƣ ƾŝ Ƶƹźĭ ƽřźŞŤſ ŢſŵƶŝŶƳřƵŶǀſŹŮƐſƶŝƽźǀŴŞţŵřƺƯƽŚƷźǀěŚƿŵŚŝƶƧƾţŚƘƐƣŻřĬƴſ


ƽřźŞŤſŢſřƱōƽŹřŸĮŝƺſŹšŶƯƾƏŹŵŹřŶƿŚěŚƳƾŤųŚſƲǀƯŻƎƿřźƃ Ţƀǀƃ ƹ ŢǀƫƺŞǀƠƯŎ


 ŗ ƹźºŝŚĭ ŢǀƳřźĭ ƪºƯŚºƃ šŚƘƐºƣ Ʋƿř ŢſřƵŶƯō

Harrison, 1930; Kent, 1970; Haynes & McQillan, ŶººƴƃŚŝƾƯ

ŢſřźŤƯéåååŚţèåååƲǀŝƵƹźĭƲƿřƲǀĮƳŚǀƯ
Śŝ ƾŤŴƿŹźĭŵ Ʋǀů Źŵ Ʋƿźŝř ƾƳŚưŤųŚſ ƽŚƷ Ŷůřƹ ƾƯƺưƗ ŹŚŤƟŹ  1974

ŹŵĬƴºººſƾěƵƹźĭŵŹřŵƾĮƴƷŚưƷŶƳřƵŵŹƹōŶƿŶěƶƧƾƿŚƷŹŚºººŤųŚſ ƪƯŚƃƵƹźĭƲƿř Lower Mobile Group  ƲƿźƿŻƥźŰŤƯƵƹźĭś

ƵŵźƧƪưƗŢŴſ ƮººƀūƦƿ ƱřƺººººººƴƗƶŝŚƿ ŚƯƺººưƗƾŤŴƿŹźĭŵ ƾƏ šŹƺƇ ƶŝ ŽŹŚƟ ƶƋƺů Źŵ ƵĦƿƹ ƶŝ ƶƧ Ţſř żƯźƷ ƽźſ ƽźǀŴŞţ ŵřƺƯ

 block faulting  ƾƧƺºººƬŝ ƂƬººººƀĭ ŹŚģŵ Ţſř ŹŚººººģŚƳŚƿ ƹ Ţſř


ƹ ƪǀƃžĜƿĥ Śŝ ƦưƳƲƿźƿŻ ƥźŰŤƯ Ƶƹźĭ Źŵŵƺƃ ƾƯ ƵŶƷŚƄƯ ŶŞƴĭ

řŶūĬƴſ ƾě Żř ƭřƺƣźě Ƶƹźĭ  Lees, 1952; Falcon, 1969  ŵƺƃ ĬƴſƾěƾƳƺĭźĭŵ ƹƲƿŹŷōƽŚƷĬƴſƲǀƴĤưƷƹƶţŚºƴŝźƧƽŚƷĬƴſ

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ƩƺƟŻŵƾĭŵŚŤƟřƹźƟŹŵƖƣřƹİŤƠƳįŚƷƱřŶǀƯƱżŴƯįŚƷ
 
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Archive of SID
1AƵŵŹƾƯŵĦºººƧƢƟřŹŵƹ 1BƵŵŹƭLjƿřƢƟřŹŵ1AƵŵŹƾěŹƺĭƢƟř ƾƴºǀŗŚě ƥźººŰŤƯƵƹźĭŵŹƺųƾƯƲǀģƪƤŤººººƀƯšŹƺƇƶŝƹŵƺƃƾƯ

ŵƺƃƾƯƵŶƿŵ ŶºººƷŵƾƯƪºǀƨƄţřŹ  ƹŵƲƿřƲǀŝ decollement zone  ƂƿřŶūƶƴƸě
ƱŚºưŤųŚſ ƵŶƃ źǀººººƀƠţ ƹ ƵŶƃ Ƶŵřŵ ġƺƧ ƾƨƿżǀƟƺŗĥ Ɓźŝ ë ƪƨƃ ŚƳ ƵŵŹƺų Ʋºººǀģ Ƶƹźºººĭ ƹŵ  Lees, 1950; O’Brien, 1950)
ƹ ŢſřŹ Ţưſ Źŵ ƾſŹŚě ƱŚưŤųŚſ ƹŵ Ʊō Źŵ ƶƧ Ţſř ŪƳźƧƾſŹŚě ƂººƿřŶūƶºƴƸěƦƿŚŝ ƭřƺºƣƮƧƵƹźººĭƹƭřƺºººƣźěƵƹźĭ ĬººƴƷŚººưƷ
ƽŹŚưſō ƢƟř Źŵ ƪƨƃ Ʋƿř Źŵ ŵŵźĭ ƾƯ ƶƔůLjƯ Ěģ Ţưſ ŹŵŪƳźƧ O’Brien,1950 ŶºƳƺºƃƾƯřŶūźººĮƿŶºƨƿŻřƾƿLJŚŝƥź
 ºŰŤƯƵƹźºĭŹŵ
ŵƺƃƾƯƵŶƷŚƄƯ1BƵŵŹƥƹźſƢƟřŹŵƹ1AƵŵŹƵŶŝŚěƢƟřŹŵ1BƵŵŹ ƶƬƣ Źŵ ŽźĭřŻ ŢƠƳ ƾƬƇř ƖưŬţ  Lees & Richardson,1940;
ƲƿřŹŵŢſřŪƳźƧƵŶƃźǀƀƠţƹƵŶƃƵŵřŵġƺƧƾƨƿżǀƟƺŗĥƁźŝ ìƪƨƃ ƵƹźĭŶƳŻŚſ top  źſŹŵƖƣřƹƽŹŚưſōƦƷōŹŵŵƺūƺƯƽŚƷžƿŶƣŚţ
ŵƺƃƾƯƵŶƿŵ1AƵŵŹƵŶŝŚěƢƟřŹŵƹ1B ƵŵŹƽŹŚưſōƢƟřŹŵƪƨƃ ƾƿLJŚŝƥźŰŤƯƵƹźĭƹƭřƺƣƮƧƵƹźĭƾŤƠƳšŚƟŚƄŤƧřŹŵŢſřƭřƺºººƣźě
ƽŹŚưſō ƾƳżºŴƯƽŚƷƢƟřƶƧŵƺƃƾƯƶƔůLjƯŚƷƱŚưŤųŚººººſƾƯŚưţŹŵ ŢſřƶŤƟźĭŹřźƣƾƿŚſŚƴƃŵŹƺºººººƯƾŝƺųƶŝƭřƺƣźěƵƹźĭŚŝŚƸƳōƍŚŞţŹřƹ
ĬƴſƽŚƷƢƟřƹŶƴƷŵƾƯƱŚƄƳŵƺųŻřřŹ
 1BƵŵŹ ƱŚƿŹřŵƹƭLjƿřƥƹźſ ŹƺƌůŚƯřŢſřƵŵŚƠŤſřƪŝŚƣƽřƶǀůŚƳŽŚǀƤƯŹŵƲƿźŝřƽŶƴŝƮǀƀƤţƶģźĭř
řŹ1CƾƷŚĭŚƿƹ 1AƵŵŹ ƾƯŵĦƧƹƾěŹƺĭƵŶŝŚě ƂƃƺěĬƴſƹŐƄƴƯ ŭƺƐſŵŚŬƿřƶŝźŬƴƯźĮƿŶƨƿšŹƹŚŬƯŹŵšƹŚƠŤƯƾŞƀƳƭřƺƣŚŝƾƿŚƷƶƿLJ
ŶƴƷŵƾƯƱŚººƄƳŵƺųŻřƾĭŵŹƺųƲǀģƾƬƧŹŚƧƹŻŚſƶŝƶŝƶūƺţŚŝ LJŚŝ Źŵ ƶƧ ƭřƺƣ Śŝ Ƶƹźĭ Źŵ ƩŚŨƯ ƱřƺƴƗ ƶŝ ŵŵźĭ ƾƯ ƾƘƋƺƯ ƂƿřŶū
 ƾƯ ƪºǀƃ Źƺºƌů ƾºěŹƺĭ ƹ ƵŶºŝŚě ƽŚƷ ŶºƳŻŚºſ Źŵ Ŷºƃ Ƶŵřŵ ŭźºƃ
ƂƬƀĭŚŝƾĭŵŹƺųƲǀģƍŚŞţŹřƹŚƷƶƬƀĭè źƿŻŹŵƾƯŵĦƧŶƳŻŚſŶƃŚŝƵƺƤƫŚŝ ƂƿřŶūŮƐſƦƿŵŚŬƿřƪŰƯŶºƳřƺţ
ƶƧ ōí ƪƨƃ ŶƳźǀĭƾƯ ƪƨƃ ƂƬƀĭ Śŝ ƍŚŞţŹř Źŵ Ʋǀģ ƕƺƳ ƶſŚƯƺưƗ ŚƿƱŚǀƬƸƟƹƱŚƿŹřŵƽŚƷŶƳŻŚſƲǀŝƱřƹŶĭŶƳŻŚſŚƿƱŚŤƀĮƴŝƵƹźĭƽŚƷŶƳŻŚſ
ƽƹźºƄǀě Ʋºººººǀģ  fault-bend folding  ƶºƬƀĭ Ʈų Ʋǀģ Żř ŶƴţŹŚŞƗ ƭźƷŵŶƳŻŚºſŚƿƹƶƘƫŚƐƯŵŹƺƯƶƤƐƴƯŹŵƵĦƿƹƶŝŵŚƿŻƽřźŞŤººſŚŝƹźĭŶƳŻŚſ
ƾººººººƄºƿřŶūƲººººººǀģƹ(fault-propagation folding)ƶƬººººººººƀĭ ƱřƺººƴƗƶŝƵŶƃźƧŷƭřƺººƣźěƵƹźººĭƲǀŝŹŵŶƴƳřƺţƾƯƱƹŹŻŚƧƵƹźĭŹŵ
ŚƸƴţƩŶƯƶſƲƿřƾſŶƴƷƪǀƬŰţƹƶƿżŬţŹŵ  detachment folding źƿŚſŹŵƵŶƯōŶƿŶěƽŚƷƾĭŵŹƺųƲǀģƹŶƴƴƧƪºººưƗƂººƿřŶūŭƺººƐſ
ƦǀƳŚƨƯ Śƿ ŹŚƧƹŻŚººººººſ ƲŤƟźĭ źƔƳ Źŵ ƱƹŶŝ ƹ ƶººſŶƴƷ ƵŚĭŶƿŵ Żř ŶƴƴƧƶǀūƺţřŹƭřƺƣźěƽŚƷŶƳŻŚſ
ŚŝƎŞţźƯƲǀģźĮƿŵƕƺƳƦƿƲǀģƕƺƳƶſƲƿřźŝƵƹLjƗŶƳƺƃƾƯƞƿźƘţ ƶŝ ƂƿřŶū ŭƺƐſ Ʋƿř Źŵ ƾĭŵŹƺų Ʋǀģ Śŝ ƵřźººưƷ ƂƬƀĭ ľLJƺººƇř
ŹƺƌůźŧřźŝƶƧŢſř antiformal stack ŢŴƿŹơŚţŢºƃŚŞƳřƂƬƀĭ ƽŚƷŶƳŻŚſŹŵƾƫƹŶƃŚŝƾƯ flat  ƽŶƴŝƶƿLJŚŝƽŻřƺƯƹŮƐƀƯšŹƺƇ
 śíƪƨƃ ŵźǀĭƾƯƪƨƃ duplex ƶºŤƄěƹŵƽŚƷƱŚưŤųŚſ ŵźººƨƬưƗ Śŝ ƹ ŶƴƧ ƾƯ ƪưƗ ramp  ĦºººƧ šŹƺººƇ ƶŝ ƂƬƀĭ ƭřƺƣźě
ƶǀůŚƳŻřƶƧŶƷŵƾƯƪǀƨƄţřŹƾĭŶƳřŹƵŹřƺƿŵřźƟŚƯƺưƗƶƬƀĭƮųƲǀģ ŢſřƲƨưƯƾĭŵŹƺųƲºǀģƕřƺƳřƾĭŵŹƺųƲǀģŚŝƎººŞţźººƯƽŚƷƪºƀĭ
ƍŚŞţŹřżǀƳƶƬƀĭƽƹźƄǀěƲǀģŢſřƵŶƃƪƤŤƴƯƾĭŶƳřŹŮƐſƽƹŹźŝĦƧ ƾŞƀƳƭřƺƣŵŹƺƯŹŵƵŶƃƱŚǀŝŜƫŚƐƯƶŝƶūƺţŚŝŶƿōŵƺūƹƶŝ ƶºƤƐƴƯŹŵ
ƩŚŞƳŵ ƶŝ ƶƬƀĭ Ʈų Ʋǀģ ŵŹřŵ ƲƿźƿŻ ƾĭŶƳřŹ ĦººƧ ƪŰƯ Śŝ ƾưǀƤŤƀƯ ƽŚƷƱŚưŤųŚſ ƱřƺţƾƯ ŚƸƳō ŵŹƺƯ Źŵ ƽżºƯŹ ƽŶƴŝ ƶƤŞƏ  ƲǀǀƘţ ƹ ŚƷƶƿLJ

ƱŚƯŻƮƷƶƬƀĭƽƹźƄǀěƲǀģƶƧƾƫŚůŹŵŶŝŚƿƾƯƁźŤƀĭĦººƧƪǀƨƄţ ŵźƧƽŶƴŝƶŤſŵźƿŻšŹƺƇƶŝřŹƶƘƫŚƐƯŵŹƺƯ
ƶƬƀĭƽƹźƄǀěƲǀģŹŵŵƺƃƾƯƪǀƨƄţƲǀģĦººƧƽLJŚŝŹŵƶƬƇŚƟLjŝƹ ŻřƵŶƃźǀƀƠţƹ migrated ƵŶƃƵŵřŵġƺƧƾƨƿżǀƟƺŗĥƁźŝèƪƨƃŹŵ
ƹŶŝŚƿƾƯƂƷŚƧĦƧƪŰƯƩƺƏŹŵŚŬƿŹŶţƾĭŶƳřŹƽŚŤſřŹŹŵƾƿŚŬŝŚū Źŵ1BƵŵŹƽŹŚưſōƢƟřŹŵŢſřƵŶƃƵŵřŵƱŚƄƳŶǀƠſŢƠƳƱŚưŤųŚſ
ƶƳŚƄƳŢƤǀƤůŹŵƲǀģŢƫŚůƲƿřŹŵŶſŹƾƯźººƠƇƶŝƲǀģƽŚººººƸŤƳřŹŵ ƶŝƶºūƺţŚŝƶƧŵƺƃƾƯƵŶƷŚƄƯ 1BƵŵŹƭLjƿřƢƟřŹŵƹ 1AƵŵŹƵŶŝŚěƢƟř
ƶƬƀĭƦƿŹƺƌůźŝŢƫLJŵƶƧŢſř ƾŤŴƿŹźĭŵ ƾºƄƳźƧƾŤųŚƴƃƲǀƯŻ źƔƳ ƶŝ ƾƤƐƴƯ ƽźǀĭ ƶŬǀŤƳ Ʋƿř ŚƷ ƶƿLJ ƭřƺƣ ƝLjŤųř ƹ ŚƷƶƿLJ žƴū
ƾĭŶƳřŹ Ʀƿ ƽŚƸŤƳř Źŵ ƶƬƀĭ ƽƹźƄǀě Ʋǀģ ŶƴƳŚưƷ ƾƄƿřŶū ƲǀģŵŹřŵ ŶſŹƾƯ

ƦƿŚŝƾƄƿřŶºººūƲǀģƶƬƀĭƽƹźƄǀěƲǀģƝLjųźŝŚƯřŶŝŚƿƾƯƁźŤƀĭ ƪƨŤƠƷ ƱŚưŤųŚſ ƵŶƃ źǀƀƠţ ƹ ƵŶƃ Ƶŵřŵ ġƺƧ ƾƨƿżǀƟƺŗĥ Ɓźŝ éƪƨƃ
ŮƐſ Ʀƿ ƽLJŚŝŹŵ Ʋǀģ ƶƨƬŝ ŵƺƃ ƾưƳ ƵřźưƷ ƲƿźƿŻ ƾĭŶƳřŹŹŵ ĦƧ Źŵ1BƵŵŹƽŹŚưſōƢƟřŹŵŵƺƃƾƯƵŶƿŵƪƨƃƲƿřŹŵƶƧƱŚƴģŢſř
ŚƷ Ʋǀģ ƕƺƳ Ʋƿř ƽŚƸŤƳř Źŵ ŶŝŚƿ ƾƯ ƁźŤƀĭ ƾŤƃŚĮƳ ƶƴǀģ ƾƄƿřŶū ƢƟřŹŵƹ 1AƵŵŹƾƯŵĦƧƢƟřŹŵ 1BƵŵŹƭLjƿřƢƟřŹŵ1CƵŵŹƵŶŝŚěƢƟř
Źŵ ŚŬƿŹŶţ ƽŶƴŝ ƶƿLJ Śŝ ƽŻřƺººƯ ƂººƿřŶū ŮƐſ ƽŚººŤſřŹ Źŵ ƾƿŚŬŝŚū ŵŵźĭƾƯƶƔůLjƯ1BƵŵŹƱŚƿŹřŵ
ŶſŹƾƯźƠƇƶŝƭƺŝƂǀěŢƸū ƲǀţŚƯŚƯƱŚưŤųŚſŻřƵŶƃźǀƀƠţƹƵŶƃƵŵřŵġƺƧƾƨƿżǀƟƺŗĥƁźŝ êƪƨƃ
Źřźƣ blind thrust ƱŚººººººƸƳƾĭŶººƳřŹƦºººººººƿƽŚƸººŤƳřŹŵƶƧƾººƴǀģ Źŵ 1BƵŵŹƽŹŚººưſōƢƟřŹŵŵŵźĭƾƯƶººƔůLjƯƶƧƶƳƺººĭƱŚưƷŢſř

 ê êçêæƵŹŚưƃƮƷŵŻŚƿƩŚſíèƱŚŤƀŝŚţƹŹŚƸŝ
www.SID.ir
Archive of SID
ƩƺƟŻŵƾĭŵŚŤƟřƹźƟŹŵƖƣřƹİŤƠƳįŚƷƱřŶǀƯƱżŴƯįŚƷ
 
ƢƟřŹŵİĭŵŹƺų
ƲǀģİƄŞƴūƪǀƬŰţ


ƶƿLJŚŝƾƴŰƴƯƽƹŹŹŵƲǀģƲƿřƶſŶƴƷŵŵźĭƾƯƵŶƷŚƄƯōîƪƨºººººƃ ƽƹźƄǀě Ʋǀģ Ʀƿ Śƿ ƾŤƀƿŚŝ  Boyer & Elliott, 1982  ŵźǀĭƾƯ

ŢƤŝŚƐƯŵƺūƺƯƶſŶƴƷŚŝƶƧŵźǀĭƾƯŹřźƣŢųřƺƴƨƿƽřźŞŤſƽřŹřŵƽŶƴŝ ƾĭŶƳřŹƲǀģƾƫŚºưŤůřƽŚƷƶººƐŝřŹŶƃŚŝƾºƄƿřŶūƲǀģƦƿŚƿƹƶƬƀĭ
ŵŹřŵ ŶƴƧƾƯƲǀǀƘţŚƷƶƿLJƾƨǀƳŚƨƯƽŹŚĮƳƶƴǀģřŹ
ŵƺƃƾƯźǀººƀƠţƶƬƀĭƽƹźƄºǀěƾĭŵŹƺųƲǀģƕƺƳŻřƾºſŹŚěƾºŤƠƳƱřŶǀƯ
 ƽŚƷƶƬƀĭŻřƽŹŚǀƀŝŶƷŵƾƯƱŚƄƳƶƧŢſřƵŶƯōŢſŵƶŝƽŵŚƿŻŶƷřƺƃ
 ã ƾƫŚƿ Ʋǀŝ ƶƿƹřŻ ƹ á  ĦƧ ƶƿƹřŻ ƽźǀĭ ƵŻřŶƳř Żř žě  æç ƪƨƃ ƱƺººººƟŶƯšŹƺƇƶŝƹŶƴſŹƾưƳ ƲǀƯŻŮƐſ ƂƿŚſźƟŮƐſƶŝƾĭŶƳřŹ
ƽƹźºººººƄǀěƾĭŵŹƺųƲǀģƶſŶƴƷŹřŵƺưƳƽƹŹźŝƶƏƺŝźƯƶƐƤƳƱŶǀºƄƧƹ ƵřźưƷƾƬººººŞƣƽŚƷƾĭŶƳřŹŚŝŚƷƾĭŶƳřŹƲƿřŻřƾƿŚƷƵƺĭŶƴƳŚƯƾƯƾƣŚŝ
çêƾƴŰƴƯƽƹŹźŝƲǀģƲƿřƶſŶƴƷŵŵźĭƾƯƆŴƄƯ śîƪƨƃ ƶƬƀĭ ƽŚƷƱŚưŤųŚºººººſ
 ƹŶƳźǀĭƾƯŹřźƣźººĮƿŵƽŚƷƾĭŶƳřŹƽƹŹźŝŶƳƺƃƾƯ
űźưǀƳƶſŶƴƷŚŝƽŵŚƿŻŵƹŶůŚţƶƧŵźǀĭƾƯŹřźƣƩŚƿƂǀěƾĭŶƃźºŞŤſ ƪƨƃžººƿŶƣŚţƦƿŚƷƱōƽLJŚŝŹŵƶƧŶƴƷŵƾƯƪǀƨƄţřŹƽřƶººŤƄěƹŵ
ŵŹřŵŢƤŝŚƐƯƲǀģƲƿř antiformal  ùŢŴƿźƣŚţ ŢƃŚŞƳřù ƪƇŚů ŹŚŤųŚſ ƶºſŶƴƷ ŵźǀĭ ƾƯ
ƽŏƵŻźƫśŚţŻŚŝƽŚƷ űźºººưǀƳ ŹŵƾƈŴƄƯ flat  ŢŴţ Śƿ ramp  ĦƧ ŶƷŵƾƯƱŚƄƳśíƪƨƃ Thompson, 1981  ŵƺƃƾƯƵŶǀƯŚƳ stack
ƹ æèƪƨƃ ŵƺºƃƾººưƳƵŶºƷŚƄƯƲººǀţŚƯŚƯƹŪººƳźƧƾººŤƠƳƽŚƷƱřŶǀƯ ƾĭŶƳřŹƦƿƽźǀĮƿŚūŜŞſƶŝŢŴƿŹơŚţŢƃŚŞƳřƱŚưŤųŚſƶƳƺĮģƶƧ
ƲǀģƩŶºƯŚŝLJŚưŤůřŚƷŹŚŤųŚºſƲƿřŹŵƾĭŵŹƺųƲººǀģƵŵŚººſƶººſŶººƴƷ ƪƨƃ ƽŶƴŝ ƶƿLJ ŮƐſ ƽŚŤſřŹ Źŵ ŵƺūƺƯ ƾĭŶƳřŹ źƿŻ Źŵźţ ƝŹĥ
źŝŚƷƲǀģƲƿřƶºŶƴƷŢºǀƘƣƺƯƲǀǀƘţŚŝŵŹřŵŢºƤŝŚƐƯƾƄƿřŶūƾĭŵŹƺų ƩŚƈƠƳřŮƐſŻřƵŶƳƹŹƂǀ욏ƺƇƶŝƾƿŚŬŝŚūƶŤƄěƹŵƲƿřŹŵŵźǀĭƾƯ

ŹŵŹƺººŝżƯƽŚƷƲººǀģƶƧŶƃ ŹŚººƨººƃō ęîƪƨƃ ƶƏƺŝźƯŹřƺưƳƽƹŹ ƪƀĭ ƶŝ ŲſŚě Źŵ ƹ ŵƺƃ ƾƯ ƪƤŤƴƯ ƾƿLJŚŝ ƩŚƈƠƳř ŮƐſ ƶŝ ƾƴǀŗŚě
ƵŹŚŝ Źŵ řŸƫ ŶƴƴƧ ƾƯ ƩŚƜººººƃř řŹ ùƪů ƵřŹ ƱƹŶŝø ŢǀƘƣƺƯ ŹřŵƺưƳ Ʋƿř ŵƺƃƾƯƪǀƨƄţżǀƳƲǀģƾĭŵŹƺų
ŵƺưƳƪưƗƍŚǀŤůřŚŝŶƿŚŝƾƄƿřŶūƽŚƷƲǀģƱřƺƴƗƶŝŚƷƲǀģƲƿřźǀƀƠţ Śŝ ƎºŞţźƯ ƽŚºƷ Ʋººǀģ ƽŚƷ ƾĭĦºƿƹ źŝ ƶººǀƨţ Śŝ Suppe (1983)
 ƦƿƾĭŶƳřŹƲǀģƪŝŚƤŤƯƍŚŞţŹřƹ Rich,1934ĢƿŹƩŶƯ ƂºººƬƀĭ
ƽźǀĭƶŬǀŤƳé ĦºººººƧƽŚƿřƹŻŢŞƀƳƹƲǀģƾƫŚƿƲǀŝƶƿƹřŻƶƐŝřŹƶƿŚěźŝƾƴŰƴƯƶƗƺưŬƯ
ƾŤƠƳ ƽŚƷ ƱřŶǀƯ ƱƺĭŚƳƺĭ ƽŚƷ ƢƟřŹŵ ƾĭŵŹƺų Ʋǀģ ƶººººſŶƴƷ ƾſŹźŝ Ʋƿř ƶƧ Ʊō ŵƺūƹ Śŝ  î ƪƨƃ  ŵźƧ ƞƿźƘţ ĦººƧ ƲǀŗŚě ƹ LJŚŝ ramp
ƩƺººƟŻŵ ŢƀƄƳƹźƟ Źŵ ƾſŹŚě ƹ ŪƳźƧ ƲǀţŚƯŚƯ ƪƨŤƠƷ ŶǀƠſ ŢƠƳ ƶǀƫƹř Ǝƿřźƃ ƾƫƹ ŶƴŤƀǀƳ ƱŵźƧ ƶƳŻřƺºƯ ƽŚƷ ƁƹŹ ƾĭŵŚſ ƶŝ ŚƷ ƪǀƬŰţ
ƹ ƭLjƿř ƥƹźſ ƽŹŚưſō  ƾƳżŴƯ ƽŚƷ ƢƟř ƶƧ Ţſř ƶŤųŚſ ŹŚƨƃō ŶƷŵƾƯƪǀƨƄţřŹŚƸƳōšLJŵŚƘƯƱŚǀƴŝ ƮŬůƱŵźƧƒƠů ƱŵźƧƶƳŻřƺƯ
ĬƴſƹŐººººººƄƴƯĬƴſƽŚƷƢºººƟřƹ1BƾĭŵŹƺºųƲººǀģƵŵŹ ƱŚºƿŹřŵ ƱōŹŵŵƺºūƺƯƾſŶºƴƷƎŝřƹŹƶƧƾĭŶƳřŹºƲǀģƶƳŚƯŚſƦƿƶºŬǀŤƳŹŵ
ƶŝ ƶūƺţ ŚŝřŹ 1C ƾƷŚĭ ƹ 1A  ƵŵŹ ƾƯŵĦƧƹ ƾěŹƺĭ ƵŶºŝŚě  Ƃƃƺě ŢſřƶººƳŻřƺºƯƪŝŚƣŶƃŚŝƵŶƃŵŚƸƴƄǀ욌ºǀƋźƟƹŚƷƾƴŰƴƯŚŝƶƀƿŚƤƯƪŝŚƣ
ƾĭĦƿƹƲƿřŢųŚƴƃŶƴƷŵƾƯƱŚƄƳŵƺųŻřƾĭŵŹƺųƲǀģƾƬƧŹŚƧƹŻŚſ  Suppe & Medwedeff,1984; Suppe,1983
ƶƘſƺţƹ ƾŤƠƳ ƱŻŚŴºƯ Ʋƿř ƶſŶƴƷ ƾƿŚſŚƴƃ ƶŝ ƽŵŚƿŻ ƦưƧŶƳřƺţ ƾƯ Dahlstrom (1969) ƽƺſ Żř ƶºƴǀƯŻ Ʋƿř Źŵ ƾƳƺºĭŚºƳƺĭ ƽŚƷ ƁƹŹ
ŶƿŚưƴŝƩƺƟŻŵŢƀƄƳƹźƟŹŵƶŝŚƄƯƱŻŚŴƯ ŢſřƵŶƃŵŚƸƴƄǀěSuppe & Medwedeff (1984)ƹSuppe (1983)
ŵŹƺƯ ƾŤƠƳ ƽŚƷ ƱřŶººǀƯ Żř ƽř ƵŻźƫ śŚţŻŚŝ ƽŚƷ űźưǀƳ ƽŹŚŤųŚſ źǀƀƠţ ƪŝŚƣ ƽř ƶǀůŚƳ ƽŚƷŹŚŤųŚſ ƽŻŚſŻŚŝ ƽřźŝ ƾƬººǀƬŰţ ƽŚƷ ƁƹŹ Ʋƿř
Źŵ ŵƺūƺƯ ƾƬƇřƹ ƮƸƯ ƽŚƷ ƶƬƀĭ źŤƄǀŝ LJŚưŤůř ŶƷŵ ƾƯ ƱŚƄƳ ƾſŹźŝ ƽřźŝƾƿŚưƴƷřŹŀŚŰǀūźţƶƨƬŝ Suppe, 1980ƩŚŨƯƽřźŝ ŶƴŤƀǀƳƵŵŚººººƠŤſř
ƱŚŤºƀĮƴŝ Ƶƹźĭ źƿŻ Źŵ ƂƿřŶū ŮƐſ Ʀƿ Źŵ ƩƺƟŻŵ ŢƀƄƳƹźƟ ƶǀůŚƳ ŶƴŤƀƷƵŶƳřŹƹŹƶƤƐƴƯƦƿŹŵŵźƠƴƯƽŚƷƲǀģƱŵźƧƶƳŻřƺƯ
Ʊřƺţ ƾƯ ŢƸū ƲƿřŻř ŶƴŝŚƿ ƾƯ ƁźŤƀĭ LJŚŝ ƽƺſ ƶŝƹ ŶƳźǀĭ ƾƯ ƪƨƃ ƾſŹźŝƹƾĭŶƳřŹƲǀģƽŚƷŶƴŝźưƧƽřźŝƵŶƃƱŚǀŝƽŚƷƩŶƯƶŝƶūƺţŚŝ
ƽŚƷ ŶƳŻŚººſ źƿŻ Źŵ ƶƧ řŹ(Hith) ŦǀƷ ŢƿŹŶǀƳř ŻŹř ƮƷ ƽźǀŴŞţŵřƺƯ ƾŤƠƳƱřŶǀƯƶƧŶººſŹƾƯźƔƳƶŝƞƬŤŴƯƽŚƷƱřŶǀƯŻřƽřƵŻźƫƽŚƷűźưǀƳ
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ŶǀƠſŢƠƳƱřŶǀƯƁźŝŶƴƳŚƯƾƿŚƷƁźŝŹŵƶƧƾƄƿřŶūŭƺƐſźĮƿŵƽƺſ ƾŝƺų ƶŝ ƽř ƵŻźƫ ƽŚƷ űźưǀƳ ƝŹĥ ƽŚƷ ƢƟřŹŵ ƶƏƺŝźƯ ƽŚƷ Ƶƺºĭ
ƵƹźĭƽźǀŴŞţƽŚƷŶƳŻŚſŹŵŶƿŚŝŵƺƃƾƯƵŶƿŵƽŹŚưſōŶƳŻŚſƽLJŚŝŹŵ Ʈų ƾĭŵŹƺų Ʋǀģ ƩŶƯŶǀƠſ ŢƠƳ ƾŤƠƳ ƱřŶǀƯ  æå ƪƨƃ  ŶƳŵƺƸººƄƯ
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ŶƳřƵŶƃƆŴƄƯƵźǀţĬƳŹŚŝƶƘƫŚƐƯŵŹƺƯƾŤƠƳƽŚƷƱŚưŤųŚſƱřźƿřźŤųŚŝśƺƴūƾŤƠƳƽŚƷƱŚưŤųŚſƶƄƤƳæƪƨƃ

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ƩƺƟŻŵƾĭŵŚŤƟřƹźƟŹŵƖƣřƹİŤƠƳįŚƷƱřŶǀƯƱżŴƯįŚƷ
 
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ƾƄưųƾƃźŝƾĭŵŹƺųƲǀģƶſŶƴƷ śžƭřƺƣƮƧƽŚƷƶƿLJƱŚǀƯŹŵƭřƺƣźěƽŚƷƶƿLJƾƄưųƾĭŵŹƺųƲǀģ ōçƪƨƃ


.(Twiss & Moores, 1992)



ƵŵŹƶƧƪƨŤƠƷƱŚưŤųŚſŻřƵŶƃźǀƀƠţƹƵŶƃƵŵřŵġƺƧƁźŝéƪƨƃƵŵŹƶƧŶǀƠſŢƠƳƱŚưŤųŚſƵŶƃźǀƀƠţƹƵŶƃƵŵřŵġƺƧƁźŝèƪƨƃ
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ŪƳźƧƾſŹŚěƽŚƷƱŚưŤųŚſŻřƵŶƃźǀƀƠţƹƵŶƃƵŵřŵġƺƧƁźŝëƪƨƃƲǀţŚƯŚƯƱŚưŤųŚſŻřƵŶƃźǀƀƠţƹƵŶƃƵŵřŵġƺƧƁźŝêƪƨƃ
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ƵŵŹƶƧŪƳźƧƱŚưŤųŚſŻřƵŶƃźǀƀƠţƹƵŶƃƵŵřŵġƺƧƁźŝìƪƨƃ
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ƶŝƍƺŝźƯŹřŵƺưƳŹŵ Ƶźƿřŵ ŶǀƠſŢƠƳŹŚŤųŚſŢǀƘƣƺƯ ōîƪƨƃ
ŹřŵƺưƳŹŵ Ƶźƿřŵ ƾſŹŚěŹŚºŤųŚſŢǀƘƣƺƯ śžƶƬƀĭƮųƾĭŵŹƺųƲǀģ
ƹŪƳźƧƽŚƷŹŚŤųŚſŢǀƘƣƺƯ ęžƶƬƀĭƽƹźƄǀěƾĭŵŹƺųƲǀģƶŝƍƺŝźƯ
ƪƨŤƠƷƱřŶǀƯƽřƵŻźƫśŚţŻŚŝűźưǀƳƽŹŚŤųŚſźǀƀƠţæåƪƨƃƾƄƿřŶūƾĭŵŹƺųƲǀģƶŝƍƺŝźƯŹřŵƺưƳŹŵ ŚƷƵźƿřŵ ƲǀţŚƯŚƯ
ŢſřƵŶƃƵŵřŵƱŚƄƳƮƸƯƽŚƷŶƳŻŚſźſŢǀƘƣƺƯ Jamison, 1987ŻřŚƷŹřŵƺưƳ 




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ƩƺƟŻŵƾĭŵŚŤƟřƹźƟŹŵƖƣřƹİŤƠƳįŚƷƱřŶǀƯƱżŴƯįŚƷ
 
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*Exploration Management of Oil Continental Shelf Co.


** Geologicai Survey of Iran

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