Professional Documents
Culture Documents
INSP-E6-M-01
Written By:
NO.
Operation Manager Rev #/DATE 01/01.09.2016
Approved By :
PAGE 1 OF 47
Executive Manager
Title:
(LIFTING) - MANUAL
MIDCO
Lifting Manual
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Quality
should be compared with Health, Safety
the source & Environmental
document Management
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is up-to-date unlessProcedures
stamped “Controlled”.
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Amendment Sheet
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1. Introduction
1.1. Scope
This work instruction describes how to examine and test various lifting
equipments. It provides a link with the international standards specifications
and considered the guidelines required to support the inspection process
within the company.
This work instruction should be read by all concerned parties involved in
carrying out examinations or tests of lifting appliances and lifting gears. It
should be read in conjunction with relevant national/international standards,
codes of practice and manufacturer's instructions in order to ensure the
quality of inspections, examinations and tests.
Containers BS7072,
BS EN 12079
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They make themselves familiar with and conform to the Health and
Safety and Environment program at all times;
They shall observe all safety rules at all times;
They shall wear appropriate personal protective equipment / safety
equipment and use appropriate safety devices at all times;
They will conform to all instructions given by Management and others
with a responsibility for Health and Safety;
They report all accidents and damage to the Section Supervisor, Foreman
or Departmental Head whether persons are injured or not;
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3. Personnel Qualification
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A competent person should be fully familiar with and apply the following
aspects of knowledge and skill:
• The operation or use of the lifting appliance or lifting gear that he has to
inspect;
• The location and function of safety devices;
Personnel performing NDT inspection shall be qualified to NDT Level I/II
as per ASNT SNT-TC-1A and/or EN 473.
Personnel that supervise the job or the senior inspector shall be qualified in
the equipments being inspected.
The Business and the Operation Managers shall identify the ongoing training
needs/plan.
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(LIFTING) MANUAL INSP-E6-M-01 01/01.09.2016 9 OF 47
- Numbers and/or letters identifying the sling with the manufacturer‟s certificate.
- Working load limit
- Year of manufacture
- Material Grades
Multi-leg sling
- CE Mark
- Manufacturers identifying mark
- Numbers and/or letters identifying the sling with the manufacturer‟s certificate.
- Working load limit and the angles applicable.
- Year of manufacture
- Material grades
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Ensure that the rope grade shall be either 1770 or 1960. If wire rope complies with
EN 131414-1.
Ensure that the rope grade shall be either 1770N/mm2. If wire rope complies with
BS 1290
Length single-leg slings
Ensure that the measured length of a ferrule-secured sling shall not differ from the
nominal length by more than two rope diameters or 1 % of the nominal length,
whichever is the greater.
Length of Multi – Leg Slings / wire rope sling comply with EN 13414-1
Ensure that the length shall be that measured between the bearing points of the
sling.
The measured individual leg lengths shall not differ from the nominal length of
the sling by more than two rope diameters or 1 % of the nominal length, whichever
is the greater.
The difference in length between the individual legs of any multi-leg sling under
no load shall not exceed 1.5 times the rope diameter or 0.5 % of the nominal
length, whichever is the greater.
Multi – Leg Slings/ wire rope sling comply with BS 1290
This length shall be measured under no load. In the case of two-, three- and four-
leg slings, the discrepancy in length between any of the legs, in millimetres, shall
not exceed that given by the equation: Maximum discrepancy = (9 d + 9L)/ 3
Where d is the nominal rope diameter, in millimetres,
And L is the nominal length of sling leg, in metres.
Formation of a Sling
The rope size type and grade for each leg shall be the same.
Wire rope sling comply with EN 13414-1
Ensure that the working load limits and the angles applicable, i.e. the WLL 0° to
45° to vertical and, additionally, the WLL 45° to 60° to the vertical if applicable
Ensure that in a four-leg sling each of the two pairs shall be joined by
an intermediate master link to the master link.
Check the Entire length of the wire rope sling for wear, corrosion,
damage, reduction in diameter, broken wires, kink and insufficient
lubrication.
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Illegible markings
wear, damage, distortion, corrosion, or cracking at master link and
Intermediate master link.
Damage or wear to any of protective thimbles and ferrules.
Mechanical damage to the rope, Kink, weld splatter, evidence of arcing
and corrosion or drying out of lubricant.
Disturbance to the position of the wires in the strands or strands in the
rope or protrusion of the core.
. The measured length differs from the nominal length by more than
. or 1 % of the nominal length in single-leg slings and
0.5 % of the nominal length in Multi-leg slings
Broken wires.
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4.7. Reporting
If the competent person find the inspected item free from any of the above
mentioned withdrawing defects ,he can issue the thorough examination report to
the client .
If the competent person find a serious and significant defect, he shall immediately
mark the defected item with red color and inform the client to take the lifting
equipment out of service.
Then the competent person shall issue the defect report which the client &
enforcing authority shall signed for acknowledgement.
References
BS 1290 wire rope slings
BS EN 13414 wire rope slings
LEEA Code of Practice
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5. Inspection Of Shackles
5.2. Preparation
It must be ensured that appropriate and sufficient lighting is present to
enable an effective examination.
The environment within which the examination is to be undertaken must
be assessed by appropriate means prior to commencement of working.
5.3. Equipment
The engineer surveyor may utilise the following:
Wire Bruch
Magnifying glass
Coloured paint / Cable Ties
Vernier
Torch if needed
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BS EN 13889 require that pins of less than 13mm diameter are marked
with either:
5.9. Reporting
If the competent person find the inspected item free from any of the above mentioned
withdrawing defects ,he can issue the thorough examination report to the client .
If the competent person find a serious and significant defect, he shall immediately mark the
defected item with red color and inform the client to take the lifting equipment out of
service.
Then the competent person shall issue the defect report which the client & enforcing
authority shall signed for acknowledgement.
5.10. Reference
BS 6994
BS EN 13889
ISO 2415
RR-C-271DIV
BS3032
LEEA Code of Practice
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6.3. Marking
Single leg sling.
- CE Mark
- Sling manufacturers name or symbol
- Year of manufacture
- WLL in tonnes (t)
- Identification mark
- Sling grade
Multi-leg sling.
- CE Mark
- Sling manufacturers name or symbol
- Year of manufacture
- WLL in tonnes (t) and range of angles.
- Identification mark
- Sling grade
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- Number of legs
Chain Sling Construction
Chain slings assembled by:
a) Mechanical joining devices
b) Welding
Check that the marking is legible and corresponds with the test
certificate.
Master link
Check wear, damage, distortion, corrosion, bending, twist or cracking
Ensure that the working load limit of master link shall be at least equal to
that of the sling.
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-Ensure that the upper and lower Joining links and shall have a working
load limit not less than that of the chain(s) to which they are connected in a
chain sling.
Chain Shorteners
The shorteners are commonly supplied as clutches or grab hooks.
Check wear, damage, distortion, corrosion, bending, twist
Chain
-Ensure that the chain shall be in accordance with BS EN 818-2 (grade 8) or BS
EN 818-3 (grade 4), medium tolerance (4,5,6,8,10,12) and short links chain
-Check wear, damage, distortion, corrosion, stretch, elongation, nicks
and gouges
-Ensure that the working load limit of master link shall be at least equal to
that of the sling.
-Check Grade Quality Mark on chain to establish grade of chain, mark
should be every 20th link or 1M whichever is the lesser distance.
Tolerances on Leg Length
Maximum tolerance between longest and shortest leg for slings joined by
mechanical devices with nominal lengths up to and including 2m is 10mm
maximum
mechanical devices with nominal lengths over 2m is 5mm/m
assembled by welding with nominal lengths up to and including 2m is 6mm
maximum
assembled by welding with nominal lengths over 2m is 3mm/m
Or Mechanical joining device (upper and lower) Joined by mechanical
devices
-Check wear, damage, distortion, corrosion, bending, twist or
cracking
- Ensure that the coupling device is fitted correctly
- Ensure that the assembled mechanical joining devices shall have a
working load limit not less than that of the chain(s) to which they are
connected in a chain sling.
Hooks
Check hook from wear in the cross sectional area maximum allowable wear
is 8% .
Check that the marking is clear and legible
Check hook free from any mechanical damage i.e. nicks, cuts, gouges etc.
check throat opening distance shall not exceed of 15%.
Check hook free from any thermal damage or evidence of welding on the
hook i.e. nuts welded to hook shanks.
No cracking or stretch.
Hooks with latch: Ensure safety catches is present and operates
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correctly.
Self-Locking Hook: Ensure locking mechanism is activated and operates
correctly.
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Master link
Load Chain
Load chain (Round Link) Wear in excess of 5% of original link dimensions.
Load chain (Plate Link) Wear in excess of 8% of original link dimensions.
Cuts, heat damage, severe nicks, gouges or distortion of links.
Excessive corrosion, pitting or any chemical attack.
Hooks
Maximum wear in the cross sectional area of the hook is 8% .
Missing or illegible Identification Number or Safe Working Load.
Any mechanical damage i.e. nicks, cuts, gouges etc.
Increase in throat opening distance in excess of 15%.
Any thermal damage or evidence of welding on the hook i.e. nuts welded to
hook shanks.
Any cracking or stretch.
Hooks with latch: safety catches missing, or damaged or not operates
correctly.
Self-Locking Hook: locking mechanism is stuck or damaged or not
operates correctly.
All wrought iron chain and mild steel chain should be withdrawn from
service.
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6.7. Reporting
If the competent person find the inspected item free from any of the above
mentioned withdrawing defects ,he can issue the thorough examination report to the
client .
If the competent person find a serious and significant defect, he shall immediately
mark the defected item with red color and inform the client to take the lifting
equipment out of service.
Then the competent person shall issue the defect report which the client &
enforcing authority shall signed for acknowledgement.
6.8. Reference
- 4: Chain slings - Grade 8
- 5: Chain slings - Grade 4
BS EN 1677-1: Components for slings - Safety - Part 1:
Forged steel components - Grade 8
BS EN 1677-2: Components for slings - Safety - Part 2:
Forged steel lifting hooks with latch - Grade 8
BS EN 1677-3: Components for slings - Safety - Part 3:
Forged steel self-locking hooks - Grade 8
BS EN 1677-4: Components for slings - Safety - Part 4: Links
- Grade 8
BS EN 1677-5: Components for slings - Safety - Part 5:
Forged steel lifting hooks with latch - Grade 4
BS EN 1677-6: Components for slings - Safety - Part 6: Links
- Grade 4
LEEA Code of Practice
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Visual inspection
Function Test
Operational Testing
Light Load Test
7.2. Preparation
It must be ensured that appropriate and sufficient lighting is present to
enable an effective examination.
The environment within which the examination is to be undertaken must be
assessed by appropriate means prior to commencement of working.
7.3. Equipment
Wire Bruch
Magnifying glass
Coloured paint / Cable Ties
Vernier
Torch
7.4. Inspection Method
Ensure that the chain blocks have a factor of safety of at least 4:1
Both top and bottom hooks checked for excessive wear, stretch, nicks
gouges, cuts, cracks, deformation and stretching of the hook opening
security of mountings and effectiveness of safety catches, The top hook
shall be capable of swiveling for correct positioning.
If there is excessive movement or float of the hook in the cross head it will
be necessary to remove the hook from its housing in order to examine the
seating and bearing surfaces.
Well-designed housings are bolted together to allow this but in many cases
they are riveted, in which case the rivets must be drilled out and
subsequently replaced with bolts and nuts.
Ensure that the hook latch engage in the point of the hook to form a
complete closure of mating surfaces, The spring shall be constructed from
corrosion protected material.
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Hooks
Maximum wear in the cross sectional area of the hook is 8% .
Missing or illegible Identification Number or Safe Working Load.
Any mechanical damage i.e. nicks, cuts, gouges etc.
Increase in throat opening distance in excess of 15%.
Any thermal damage or evidence of welding on the hook i.e. nuts welded to
hook shanks.
Any cracking or stretch.
Replacing the correct pin for the swivel and cannot rotates freely.
Load Chain
Load chain (Round Link) Wear in excess of 5% of original link dimensions.
Load chain (Plate Link) Wear in excess of 8% of original link dimensions.
Cracks, heat damage, severe nicks, gouges or distortion of links.
Excessive corrosion, pitting or any chemical attack.
Load chain reeving incorrect.
Maximum elongation (due to wear) is 3%
Chain Anchorage
Any cracks or distortion.
Excessive corrosion, pitting or any chemical attack.
Wear in excess of 5% of original diameter.
Hand Chain
Any worn or damaged, particularly on the bearing surfaces on the
inside of the links, or is corroded, bearing in mind possible damage
to the operative‟s hands.
Any sharpness around the welds
Block Body
General damage to the block body, including any gear covers or chain
guides.
When operated under load there is any jumping or excessive noise of either
the hand chain or load chain, any undue effort is required or any visible
slipping of the brake.
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7.7. Tests
Functional Test
Used in lifting machines to verify that the unit operates correctly with no load. This is
a necessary part of any thorough examination and should be carried out both
before and after any thorough examination.
Used in lifting machines to verify that the brake functions correctly. Between 2% - 5%
of its SWL. which shall be raised and lowered through a height of between 250 mm
and 500 mm.
When the hand chain is released at any point during raising and lowering cycle, the
brake shall hold the load. This is a necessary part of any thorough examination and
should be carried out both before and after any thorough examination.
Operational Testing
Used in lifting machines to verify that it functions correctly with up to full SWL. Used
periodically and after repair of a machine. Always carried out if commencing an
overload test.
7.8. Marking
The following information shall be permanently and legibly marked on a suitable
part of the block:
- CE Mark
- Business name and address of the manufacturer
- Identification mark; if any
- Safe working load
- The series or type designation.
- Size and grade of the load chain
- Year of manufacture.
Units
Safe working loads of less than 1000 kg shall be marked in kilograms, i.e. „kg‟, to the
nearest whole kilogram.
Safe working loads of 1000 kg or more shall be marked in ton
nes, i.e. as „tonnes‟ or „t‟. The value shall be given to a single place of decimals,
except where the figure after the decimal point would be O, in which case it shall be
omitted, and except in the case of 1.25 t, which shall be given to two decimal places.
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7.9. Reporting
If the competent person finds the inspected item free from any of the above-mentioned
withdrawing defects, he can issue the thorough examination report to the client.
If the competent person finds a serious and significant defect, he shall immediately mark the
defected item with red color and inform the client to take the lifting equipment out of service.
Then the competent person shall issue the defect report which the client & enforcing
authority shall signed for acknowledgement.
7.10. Reference
BS 3243
BS EN 13157:2004 + A1-2009 cranes safety hand powered hand
equipment
LEEA Code of Practice
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8.2. Preparation
It must be ensured that appropriate and sufficient lighting is present to
enable an effective examination.
The environment within which the examination is to be undertaken must
be assessed by appropriate means prior to commencement of working.
8.3. Equipment
The engineer surveyor may utilise the following:
Wire Bruch
Magnifying glass
Coloured paint / Cable Ties
Vernier
Torch
Chain Elongation Gauge
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Hooks
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Load Chain
Load chain (Round Link) Wear in excess of 5% of original link
dimensions.
Load chain (Plate Link) Wear in excess of 8% of original link
dimensions.
Cracks, heat damage, severe nicks, gouges or distortion of links.
Excessive corrosion, pitting or any chemical attack.
Load chain reeving incorrect.
Maximum elongation (due to wear) is 3%
Lever Assembly
Any crack, damaged, distortion and broken parts in lever and
hand wheel
Incorrect operation of pawl changing mechanism
Block Body
General damage to the block body, including any gear covers or chain
guides.
When operated under load there is any jumping or excessive noise of
either the hand chain or load chain, any undue effort is required or any
visible slipping of the brake.
8.7. Tests
Functional Test
Applied for lifting machines to verify that the unit operates correctly with no load.
This is a necessary part of any thorough examination and should be carried out
both before and after any thorough examination.
Operational Testing
Used in lifting machines to verify that it functions correctly with up to full SWL.
Used periodically and after repair of a machine. Always carried out if
commencing an overload test.
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8.8. Marking
The following information shall be permanently and legibly marked on a suitable
part of the block:
- CE Mark
- Business name and address of the manufacturer
- Identification mark; if any
- Safe working load
- The series or type designation.
- Size and grade of the load chain
- Year of manufacture.
8.9. Reporting
If the competent person finds the inspected item free from any of
the above-mentioned withdrawing defects, he can issue the
thorough examination report to the client.
If the competent person finds a serious and significant defect, he
shall immediately mark the defected item with red color and inform
the client to take the lifting equipment out of service.
Then the competent person shall issue the defect report which the
client & enforcing authority shall signed for acknowledgement.
8.10. Reference
BS 4898
BS EN 13157:2004 cranes safety hand powered hand equipment
LEEA Code of Practice
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9.2 Preparation
It must be ensured that appropriate and sufficient lighting is present to
enable an effective examination.
The environment within which the examination is to be undertaken must
be assessed by appropriate means prior to commencement of working.
9.3 Equipment
The engineer surveyor may utilise the following:
Wire Bruch
Magnifying glass
Coloured paint / Cable Ties
Vernier
Torch
Letter and Number Stamp
9.4.1 Inspection
Check exterior, interior and the lifting accessories of the CCU to ensure that
it is fit tor
its intended use.
Primary load bearing structure
The structure shall be visually inspected for corrosion, mechanical damage
and deformation.
Carry out a thorough visual inspection on :
Top and bottom side rails
Top and bottom end rails
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Corner posts
Pad eyes
Pad eyes
Pad eyes I lifting points shall be visually inspected tor distortion, mechanical
damage, excessive wear and overload.
Ensure that the lifting points are aligned in the direction of the line of the lift.
Ensure that the lifting points are accurately positioned with a maximum
deviation not exceeding 5 mm.
Secondary structure
Floors, walls and roofs shall be visually inspected to ensure they are
predominantly flat with no signs of excessive damage.
Drainage holes in floors where fitted shall be cleared of debris.
Internal cargo tie-down rings shall be examined and they are securely
anchored
Doors
Doors, frames, seals, hinges and locks shall be visually inspected to ensure
that they operate in a satisfactory manner without the exertion of undue
force.
Check locking devices is secure against opening during transportation and
lifting, locking directly to the top and bottom frame.
Ensure the locking arrangements and hinges are operates and not damaged
.
9.4.2 Marking Requirements and Data Plates
BS 7072 Container Safety Marking:
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Check the CCU identification number and ensure from that the ID are
prominently displayed on all sides in characters of a contrasting colour, not
less than 75 mm high
Check the fabricator's serial number welded on in characters at least 50mm
high
Check the fork Lift Pocket Markings ensure the characters must not be
smaller than 50mm high.
Check the CCU a matt black square not less than 400 mm x 400 mm is
provided for information markings such as destination, cargo hazard.
Information Markings
Check the tare weight, the SWL I payload, and the maximum gross weight is
displayed in characters not less than 50 mm high
Ensure the information on the plate shall be in the English language primarily.
Check that the inspection plate is combined with the original data plate and
corresponds with the test certificate.
Inspect each individual leg of the sling along its entire length and check for:
• Wear
• Corrosion
• Abrasion
• Mechanical Damage
• Broken Wires
• Internal Deterioration
The rope diameter should be measured for any reduction from its original size that
could indicate wear on the outer wires, wear shall not exceed 10% of the nominal
rope diameter.
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Inspect wire rope for partial collapse of the core or stretch due to overload
Inspect each ferrule for excessive damage and ensure the correct size of ferrule has
been fitted
Inspect each thimble and check for correct fitting, snagging damage and elongation.
(Stretched thimbles I eyes could indicate possible overload)
Inspect wire rope around thimbles as It is often abraded due to the sling being
dragged over rough surfaces. If fitted, Inspect master link I quad assembly and
check for wear, corrosion and cracking
Multi leg sling assemblies should be rated at 1.3 times the specified MGW of the
CCU to which it is to be fitted (factor of safety should be 5:1).
Sling legs should be constructed from wire rope of at least 13 mm diameter.
Master links, if fitted, should have a minimum internal dimension of 270 mm x 140
mm.
Multi-leg slings shall be attached to the CCU pad eyes without twisting of the legs
at the master link.
All slings and shackles should be certified in accordance with relevant standards.
The unique identification of the sling, and of each shackle shall be noted on the
certificate.
The owner shall maintain certificate records for each set of slings and shackles in
accordance with SI 1998 No 2307 Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment
Regulations.
Each lifting set shall be marked on a prominent location with the following
information
- CE Mark
- Manufacturers identifying mark
- Numbers and/or letters identifying the sling with the manufacturer’s certificate.
- Working load limit and the angles applicable.
- Year of manufacture
- Material grades
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• In the case of safety pin shackles, ensure split pins are fitted
Check that the marking is legible and corresponds with the test certificate.
Each shackle shall be marked with the following information
- CE Mark
- Working load limit in tonnes
- Grade number
- Manufacturers name, symbol or code
- Traceability code.
9.4.5 Testing
The CCU must be inspected before and after the application of the proof load test.
This is to ensure that it is suitable for testing and the CCU is not damaged or
deformed in any way after the application of the proof load.
Testing involves a top lift by slings with an included angle of 90 degrees. If the
CCU is normally fitted with a sling, this sling should not be used to carry out the
proof load test.
The proof load applied to the CCU shall be twice the maximum gross weight.
The test load shall be uniformly distributed over the floor and shelf, if applicable.
The proof load shall be held for a minimum of 5 min.
Test Weights:
The load may be applied using calibrated weights
All weights, gauges, load cells, which may affect the accurate determination of the
proof load shall be calibrated annually and a record retained by the test company.
Load cells and hand sets when used are required by EN ISO 7500-1 to have an
accuracy of ± 2% and be calibrated annually.
Test weights should be certified as accurate to better than 1 % of their nominal
weight.
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9.5.1 Inspection
Check exterior, interior and the lifting accessories of the CCU to ensure that
it is fit tor
its intended use.
Primary load bearing structure
The structure shall be visually inspected for corrosion, mechanical damage
and deformation.
welds and shall be visually inspected to ensure freedom from visible defects.
Carry out a thorough visual inspection on :
Top and bottom side rails
Top and bottom end rails
Corner posts
Pad eyes
Pad eyes
Pad eyes lifting points shall be visually inspected tor distortion, mechanical
damage, excessive wear and overload.
Ensure that the lifting points are aligned in the direction of the line of the lift,
with a maximum manufacturing tolerance of± 2.5 degrees.
Ensure that the lifting points are accurately positioned with a maximum
deviation not exceeding 5 mm.
Check the diameter of holes in pad eyes is match the shackle used,
Ensure the clearance between shackle pin and pad eye hole shall not exceed
6 % of the nominal shackle pin diameter.
Ensure the tolerance between pad eye thickness and the inside width of
shackle shall not exceed 25 %.
Secondary structure
The structure shall be visually inspected for corrosion, mechanical damage
or excessive deformation.
Intermittent fillet welding of the secondary structure is acceptable
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Forklift pockets
shall be visually inspected for corrosion, mechanical damage and excessive
deformation.
Doors
Doors, frames, seals, hinges and locks shall be visually inspected to ensure
that they operate in a satisfactory manner without the exertion of undue
force.
Check locking devices is secure against opening during transportation and
lifting, locking directly to the top and bottom frame.
Ensure the locking arrangements and hinges are operates and not damaged
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Lifting Test
The container shall be lifted by a lifting set with an angle to the vertical equal to the design
angle.
The container shall be loaded to a total mass of 2.5 x maximum gross mass (R-Rating) and
lifted clear of the ground using all pad eyes. The total mass can be obtained by loading an
internal test mass of 2.5 x R – T.
No deflections during testing shall be greater than 1/300 of the span of the member. After
the test no permanent deformation or other damage will be shown.
An offshore container fitted with 4 pad eyes shall also be lifted using 2 diagonally situated
pad eyes.
The total test mass for the 2-point lifting test shall be 1.5 R.
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CCU's and lifting sets shall be periodically inspected, examined and if necessary
tested in accordance with the schedule listed below.
When the schedule includes a lifting test, the non-destructive examination and visual
inspection shall both be carried out after the lifting test
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Examination of welds
The NDT of welds on pad eyes and adjoining structures shall be carried out in
accordance with the schedule of examination and tests.
Welds between essential non-redundant and non-essential primary structures shall
be examined as for non-essential primary structures.
When fuel gas welding is applied, ultrasonic and magnetic particle examination
shall be required in addition to radiographic examination
Non-destructive examination (NDE) of structural welds
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9.6 Reporting
If the competent person finds the inspected item free from any of
the above-mentioned withdrawing defects, he can issue the
thorough examination report to the client.
If the competent person finds a serious and significant defect, he
shall immediately mark the defected item with red color and inform
the client to take the lifting equipment out of service.
Then the competent person shall issue the defect report which the
client & enforcing authority shall signed for acknowledgement.
9.7 References
B.S 12079
B.S 7072
BS EN 13414
BS 6994
BS EN 13889
RR-C-271DIV
BS3032
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