OBJECTIVES

1) To determine whether the solution is hypotonic, hypertonic or isotonic.

2) To study the direction of the water of animal cell and plant cell in hypotonic, hypertonic or
isotonic solution.

ABSTRACT
Osmosis is the movement of solvent molecules from high concentration to low concentration
across the plasma membrane until it reached equilibrium without requirement of energy.
There are three types of osmosis which are hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic. The solutions
can be identify based on its concentration. Hence, different concentrations with the same
solution are used to conduct the experiment. However, the solution cannot be simply
determined the solutions are hypotonic, hypertonic or isotonic. The change in size and mass
of the animal cell and plant cell is the way to determine the condition of the solution. The
changes of size and mass are the effects of losing or gaining the water in animal cell or plant
cell. The importance of osmosis is stabilising the internal environment of an organism by
keeping the water and intercellular fluids levels balanced.

INTRODUCTION
Osmosis is categorized as a passive transport makes the water molecule across the plasma
membrane follow the concentration gradient. The movement of water across the plasma
membrane are based on the concentration of solutes. Hypertonic solution is the concentration
of the solutes outside the cell is greater than the solutes inside the cell whereas hypotonic
solution is the vice versa of it. Isotonic solution is when the concentration of the solutes
outside the cell is equal to the solutes inside the cell. There are different terms used to
describe the condition of animal cell and plant cell after being immersed into the solution. In
hypertonic solution, the animal cell is crenated and plant cell is called plasmolysis due to the
decreases in size and mass. Meanwhile, increasing is size and mass of animal cell is called
lysis and turgid in plant cell after being immersed in hypotonic solution. Animal cell is
normal and becomes placcid for plant cell when their mass and size had no changes in
isotonic solution.

APPARATUS
Potato slices
Onion scales
Egg
Razor blades
Digital balance / ruler
Sucrose solutions (0.1M, 0.3M, 0.5M and 1.0M)
Tissue papers
Test tubes
Watch glass
Forceps
Compound microscope
Petri-dish

PROCEDURES
Task 1: The Effect of Osmosis in Potato Cells
1) Potato was cut into 3 slices and placed in the
2) The initial mass of potato slices were weight and the initial length were measured.
3) Three different concentration of sucrose prepared and each of the potato slices were put in
each of the solution.
4) The potato slices were immersed for 20 minutes.
5) The potato slices were observed based on the weight and the length.
6) The observation was recorded and the types of the solution were determined.

Task 2: The Effect of Osmosis in Onion Scales

1) Three scales of onion were peeled and were placed in the Petri-dish.
2) The onion scales were observed under the microscope.
3) The onion scales were immersed in the hypotonic solution and hypertonic solution for 10
minutes.
4) After 10 minutes, the onion scales were observed again under microscope.
5) The observation on the vacuoles of the cell was recorded.

Task 3: The Effect of Osmosis in Egg

1) The sucrose solution was prepared.
2) The egg was immersed in 1.0M of sucrose solution for 4 days.
3) The mass of the egg was weight and recorded.
REFERENCES
Reece, Jane, B., Neil, A., and Campbell. 2011. Campbell biology.
Boston: Benjamin Cummings / Pearson

Green, W. (n.d). Learning About Osmosis. Retrieved October 30, 2018 from
https://www.askwillonline.com/2017/07/osmosis-biology.html