Chapter 3: Layout and Excavation

Civil Engineering Orientation I

Chapter 3: Layout and Excavation

What is layout?
Why do we need to layout?
How to execute these works?
What are the safety measures?

Civil Engineering Orientation I

Chapter 3: Layout and Excavation

Civil Engineering Orientation I

Chapter 3: Layout and Excavation

by definition:
STAKE
- are wooden sticks used as posts sharpened at one end driven into
the round to serve as boundaries or support of the batter boards.

BATTER BOARD
- wood stick or board nailed horizontally at the stake which serves as
the horizontal plane where the reference point of building
measurements are established.

STRING
- is either plastic chord or galvanized wire across the batter board used
to indicate the outline of the building wall and foundation.

Civil Engineering Orientation I

Chapter 3: Layout and Excavation

by definition:
STAKE
- are wooden sticks used as posts sharpened at one end driven into
the round to serve as boundaries or support of the batter boards.

BATTER BOARD
- wood stick or board nailed horizontally at the stake which serves as
the horizontal plane where the reference point of building
measurements are established.

STRING
- is either plastic chord or galvanized wire across the batter board
used to indicate the outline of the building wall and foundation.

Civil Engineering Orientation I

Chapter 3: Layout and Excavation

Civil Engineering Orientation I

Chapter 3: Layout and Excavation

LAYOUT METHODS AND PROCEDURE

STEP 1
 Building Permit
 Building Permit Fees
 Secure that all disputes are
finished
STEP 2
 Relocate the boundaries
STEP 3
 Clear the site of existing
structures that will obstruct the
structure
 Clear the site from trees
STEP 4
 Construct and allocate a space
for laborers and storage area etc.
Civil Engineering Orientation I
Chapter 3: Layout and Excavation

LAYOUT METHODS AND PROCEDURE

STEP 5
 Apply temporary connections of electric and
water supply.
STEP 6
 Construct a temporary fence.
STEP 7
 Order the construction materials that are
necessary for the project.
STEP 8
 Verify the measurement in the plans.
STEP 9
 Fix batter boards to its horizontal position with
the use of level.
STEP 10
 Verify the measurement on the batter boards.
STEP 11
 After establishing the reference point and lines
for the footing, transfer the intersecting points of
the string to the ground by using a plum bob .

Civil Engineering Orientation I

Chapter 3: Layout and Excavation

Civil Engineering Orientation I

Chapter 3: Layout and Excavation

What is excavation?
Why do we need to excavate?
How to execute this kind of work?
What are the safety measures?

Civil Engineering Orientation I

Chapter 3: Layout and Excavation

by definition:

EXCAVATION

- Is the process of removing soil or earth

materials using hands, claws tool or
any heavy equipment/s.

SOURCE:

www.wikipedia.com

Civil Engineering Orientation I

Chapter 3: Layout and Excavation

Excavation on site and Safety Measures

Civil Engineering Orientation I

Chapter 3: Layout and Excavation

TYPES OF EXCAVATION

1. Minor Excavation

2. Major Excavation

Civil Engineering Orientation I

Chapter 3: Layout and Excavation

TYPES OF EXCAVATION
Minor Excavation
-Creek reclamation
-Trenching (water, sewer, electric)
-Fence installation and removal
-Patio/Sidewalk installation and
removal
-Drainage ditch cleaning
-Parking lot sweeping
-Yard Reclamation, levelling, brush
removal

Civil Engineering Orientation I

Chapter 3: Layout and Excavation

TYPES OF EXCAVATION

Major Excavation
- For installation of major
utilities
- Water pipelines
- Electrical ang gas
pipes
- Installation of RCPC Pipes
- Tunneling

Civil Engineering Orientation I

Chapter 3: Layout and Excavation

WHAT ARE THE INDUSTRIES ENGAGE IN EXCAVATION?

- General Contractors
- Highway and street
construction
contractors
- Bridge and tunnel
contractors
- Water, sewer, pipeline
contractors
- Communication and power
line contractors
- Concrete worker and well
drilling contractors

Civil Engineering Orientation I

Chapter 3: Layout and Excavation

HAZARDS OF EXCAVATION
-Cave-ins
-Underground Utilities
● Electrical wires and pipes
● Fiber Optics
● Waterline pipes
-Materials/Equipment falling at
excavation sites
-Electrocutions
-Drowning

Civil Engineering Orientation I

Chapter 3: Layout and Excavation

EQUIPMENT USED IN EXCAVATION ETC.

- Jack Hammers with compressors
- Backhoe with breakers
- Bulldozers
- Pay loaders
- Graders
- Dump trucks

Civil Engineering Orientation I

Chapter 3: Layout and Excavation

Civil Engineering Orientation I

Chapter 3: Layout and Excavation

Civil Engineering Orientation I

Chapter 3: Layout and Excavation

Civil Engineering Orientation I

Chapter 3: Layout and Excavation

Civil Engineering Orientation I

Chapter 3: Layout and Excavation

WHAT ARE THE SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS?

Plan safety into the job
You must consider:
– Traffic
– Nearness of structures
and their conditions
– Soil
– Surface and ground water
– Water table
– Overhead/underground utilities
– Weather

Civil Engineering Orientation I

Chapter 3: Layout and Excavation

PROTECTIVE SYSTEMS
Excavations where employees
are exposed to cave-ins must
be protected by:
– sloping or benching
– support systems
– shield systems

Civil Engineering Orientation I

Chapter 3: Layout and Excavation

THANK YOU!!!
Civil Engineering Orientation I