Automation for Smart Cars Project Report

18TS403-TECHNICAL SKILLING-3
KLEF
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
(DST-FIST Sponsored Department)
DECLARATION
The Project Report entitled “AUTOMATION FOR SMART CARS” is a record of bonafide
work of “T. Venkata Sai Gangadhar-180040705”, “P. Thishya Supratheek-180040712”, “G.
Sai Sri Abhiram-180040744” submitted in partial fulfilment for the award of B. Tech in
Electronics and Communication Engineering to the K L University. The results embodied in
this report have not been copied from any other departments/University/Institute.
T. Venkata Sai Gangadhar

180040705
P. Thishya Supratheek 180040732
G. Sai Sri Abhiram 180040744
1|Page
KLEF
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
(DST-FIST Sponsored Department)
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Project Report entitled “AUTOMATION FOR SMART CARS”
is being submitted by of “T. Venkata Sai Gangadhar-180040705”, “P. Thishya Supratheek-
180040712”, “G. Sai Sri Abhiram-180040744” submitted in partial fulfilment for the award
of B. Tech in Electronics and Communication Engineering to the K L University is a record
of bonafide work carried out under our guidance and supervision.
The results embodied in this report have not been copied from any other departments/
University/Institute.
Signature of Supervisor
Signature of the HOD Signature of the External Examiner
2|Page
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
It is great pleasure for me to express my gratitude to our honorable President Sri. Koneru
Satyanarayana, for giving the opportunity and platform with facilities in accomplishing the
project report.
I express the sincere gratitude to our principal Dr. K. Subba Rao for his administration
towards our academic growth.
I record it as my privilege to deeply thank our pioneer, Dr. Suman Maloji HOD-ECE for
providing us the efficient faculty and facilities to make our ideas into reality.
I express sincere gratitude to our research head K. PRAGHASH sir, for his leadership and
constant motivation provided in successful completion of our academic semester.
I express my sincere thanks to our project supervisor and mentor Ms. Dr. Y. USHA DEVI
mam for their novel association of ideas, encouragement, appreciation, and intellectual zeal
which motivated us to venture this project successfully.
Finally, it is pleased to acknowledge the indebtedness to all those who devoted themselves
directly or indirectly to make this project report success.
T. Venkata Sai Gangadhar

180040705
P. Thishya Supratheek 180040732
G. Sai Sri Abhiram 180040744
3|Page
ABSTRACT
This paper presents an ingenious remotely sensible system that controls the home appliances
by using SMS. This is an IOT based model designed and developed by using GSM module
SIM 900A. In this proposed system of home automation, the feasibility of executing certain
important tasks with higher controllability and remote access have been incorporated. Home
appliances such as lights, fans, air conditioners, power driven electrical and electronic
commodities etc., are made to control from any part of this world, using a mobile phone by
sending simple SMSs. For ensuring this functionality, a network interface has been developed
using the GSM module, as a network for operating and controlling the home appliances
through any SMS accessible mobile device.
Mobile phone is a revolutionary invention of the century. It was primarily designed for
making and receiving calls & text messages, but it has become the whole world after the
Smart phone comes into the picture. In this project we are building a home automation
system, where one can control the home appliances, using the simple GSM based phone,
just by sending SMS through his phone. In this project, no Smart phone is needed, just
the old GSM phone will work to switch ON and OFF any.
SIM900A receives calls, makes calls, sends text messages, redials a number, hangs calls
up when supplied from the 5V pin of the Arduino.
4|Page
INDEX
S. No. Name of Content Page No.
1 Introduction
6
2 Block Diagram 7
3 Components Description 8-13
4 Circuit Diagram 14
5 Code 15-17
6 Result & Screen Shots 18
7 Conclusion 19
8 Future Scope 20
9 References 21
5|Page
CHAPTER–1
INTRODUCTION
Among most of trending topics, home automation is one the eye-catching concept where
R&D is happening at a very high rate. If we are talking about home automation, we will
obviously go for wireless communication like Bluetooth, Wi-Fi technology, GSM
technology. Among these things most effective communication is GSM because it can be
operated from very long distance and Output will be very accurate because we are going to
control all the household devices by an SMS using GSM modem. This modem uses a SIM
card and operates through a subscription with the mobile operator. GSM is generally called as
Modem (Global System for Mobile Communications). It is a wireless communication
module, which will be used to communicate with a computer or processor over the network.
The GSM modem uses a variation of TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) which is most
used of the digital wireless telephony technologies like TDMA, GSM and CDMA.
As we know mobile phones are the revolutionary invention of the century. It was primarily
designed for making and receiving calls & text messages, but it has become the whole world
after the Smart phone comes into the picture. Here, in this project we are going to design a
home automation system, where one can control the home appliances, using the simple GSM
based phone, just by sending SMS through his/her phone. In this project, we can just use the
old GSM phone also it will work to switch ON and OFF any home electronic appliances,
from anywhere.
Now we can control devices from a large distance which mean very large distance also. This
project is based on GSM module which in our case SIM900A. The devices switch on and off
when the GSM module receives specified messages.
6|Page
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Arduino uno board which has a microcontroller ATmega328p which has which connects
with peripheral devices such as light, fan, tv and others. Mobile is used as the One of the
important modules which gives commands to the GSM module. They were connected to the
different networks. Under commands from the mobile phone will be received by the network
of GSM module and processed by the Arduino and relevant functions will be done and those
output will be displayed in the LCD display.
7|Page
COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION
Arduino UNO
Arduino is a single-board microcontroller meant to make the application more accessible
which are interactive objects and its surroundings. The hardware features with an
opensource hardware board designed around an 8-bit Atmel AVR microcontroller or a
32-bit
Atmel ARM. Current models consists a USB interface, 6 analog input pins and 14 digital
I/O pins that allows the user to attach various extension boards.
The Arduino Uno board is a microcontroller based on the ATmega328. It has 14
digital input/output pins in which 6 can be used as PWM outputs, a 16 MHz ceramic
resonator, an ICSP header, a USB connection, 6 analog inputs, a power jack and a reset
button.
Uno Board varies from all other boards and they will not use the FTDI USB-to-serial
driver chip in them. It is featured by the Atmega16U2 (Atmega8U2 up to version R2)
programmed as a USB-to-serial converter.
8|Page
FEATURES
1. The operating voltage is 5V
2. The recommended input voltage will range from 7v to 12V
3. The input voltage ranges from 6v to 20V
4. Digital input/output pins are 14
5. Analog i/p pins are 6
6. DC Current for each input/output pin is 40 mA
7. DC Current for 3.3V Pin is 50 mA
8. Flash Memory is 32 KB
9. SRAM is 2 KB
10. EEPROM is 1 KB
11. CLK Speed is 16 MHz
APPLICATIONS
1. Arduino Uno is used in projects prototyping.
2. In developing projects based on code-based control 3. Development
of Automation System 4. Designing of basic circuit designs.
9|Page
GSM Module
The GSM module we use is SIM 800/900 MODULE. In this modem, Bluetooth is interfaced
by default. Basically there are three types of GSM module are there. They are Data Loggers
Data Pushers Data Pullers.
SIM900 GSM/GPRS shield is a GSM modem, which can be integrated into a great number of
IoT projects. You can use this shield to accomplish almost anything a normal cell phone can;
SMS text messages, Make or receive phone calls, connecting to internet through GPRS,
TCP/IP, and more! To top it off, the shield supports quad-band GSM/GPRS network,
meaning it works pretty much anywhere in the world.
GSM module is used in many communication devices which are based on GSM (Global
System for Mobile Communications) technology. It is used to interact with GSM network
using a computer. GSM module only understands AT commands and can respond
accordingly. The most basic command is “AT”, if GSM respond OK then it is working
good otherwise it responds with “ERROR”. There are various AT commands like ATA
for answer a call, ATD to dial a call, AT+CMGR to read the message, AT+CMGS to send
the SMSs etc. AT commands should be followed by Carriage return i.e. \r (0D in hex),
like “AT+CMGS\r”. We can use GSM module using these commands:
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FEATURES:
1. Single supply voltage: 3.4V – 4.5V
2. Power saving mode: Typical power consumption in SLEEP mode is 1.5mA
3. Frequency bands: SIM900A Dual-band: EGSM900, DCS1800. The SIM900A can
search the two frequency bands automatically. The frequency bands also can be set by
AT command.
4. GSM class: Small MS
5. GPRS connectivity: GPRS multi-slot class 10 (default) , GPRS multi-slot class 8
(option)
6. Transmitting power: Class 4 (2W) at EGSM 900, Class 1 (1W) at DCS 1800
7. Operating Temperature: -30ºC to +80ºC
8. Storage Temperature: -5ºC to +90ºC
9. DATA GPRS: download transfer max is 85.6KBps, Upload transfer max 42.8KBps
10. Supports CSD, USSD, SMS, FAX
11. Supports MIC and Audio Input
12. Speaker Input
13. Features keypad interface
14. Features display interface
15. Features Real Time Clock
16. Supports UART interface
17. Supports single SIM card
18. Firmware upgrade by debug port
19. Communication by using AT commands.
APPLICATIONS
1. Cellular Communication
2. Robotics
3. Mobile Phone Accessories
4. Servers
5. Computer Peripherals
6. Automobile
7. USB Dongles
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18TS403- TECHNICAL SKILLING-3
Relay Module
The relay module is an electrically operated switch that allows you to turn on or off a circuit
using voltage and/or current much higher than a microcontroller could handle. There is no
connection between the low voltage circuit operated by the microcontroller and the high
power circuit. The relay protects each circuit from each other. The each channel in the
module has three connections named NC, COM, and NO. Depending on the input signal
trigger mode, the jumper cap can be placed at high level effective mode which ‘closes’ the
normally open (NO) switch at high level input and at low level effective mode which
operates the same but at low level input.
The 4 Channel Relay Module is a convenient board which can be used to control high
voltage, high current load such as motor, solenoid valves, lamps and AC load. It is designed
to interface with microcontroller such as Arduino, PIC and etc. The relays terminal (COM,
NO and NC) is being brought out with screw terminal. It also comes with a LED to indicate
the status of relay.
FEATURES
1. Digital output controllable

2. Compatible with any 5V microcontroller such as Arduino.
3. Rated through-current: 10A (NO) 5A (NC)
4. Control signal: TTL level
5. Max. switching voltage 250VAC/30VDC
6. Max. switching current 10A
7. Size: 76mm x 56mm x 17mm
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BULB
A light bulb produces light from electricity. In addition to lighting a dark space, they can be
used to show an electronic device is on, to direct traffic, for heat, and for many other
purposes. its main function is to supply electric power in order for electric items to work. A
light bulb is that component of circuit that lights up when electricity flows through it and vice
versa. Its main function is to tell whether electricity is being supplied or not. Its function is
also to light up dark places.
Parts of a light bulb: the glass globe, the metal filament, wires and glass stem, gases and metal
base. An electric current pass through the filament, heating it to a temperature that produces
light. ... The enclosing glass enclosure contains either a vacuum or an inert gas to preserve
and protect the filament from evaporating.
FAN
Fan motors are very simple in construction. They consist of a synchronous or asynchronous
electric motor, with a fan wheel of the associated shaft, and the connections for the lines. All
motors consist of a stator and contain a rotating rotor inside, which is surrounded by
polepieces.
The electric motor consists of a coil of wire wound around a metallic core. As electric current
passes through the coil of wires, it produces rotational motion in the hub. This rotates the
blades attached to the hub. Cool air descends from the ceiling and circulates in the room
because of the fan.
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LCD
The term LCD stands for liquid crystal display. It is one kind of electronic display module
used in an extensive range of applications like various circuits & devices like mobile phones,
calculators, computers, TV sets, etc. These displays are mainly preferred for multisegment
light-emitting diodes and seven segments. The main benefits of using this module are
inexpensive; simply programmable, animations, and there are no limitations for displaying
custom characters, special and even animations, etc.
FEATURES
1. Operating Voltage is 4.7V to 5.3V

2. Current consumption is 1mA without backlight
3. Alphanumeric LCD display module, meaning can display alphabets and numbers
4. Consists of two rows and each row can print 16 characters.
5. Each character is built by a 5×8-pixel box
6. Can work on both 8-bit and 4-bit mode
7. It can also display any custom generated characters.
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Connections of this GSM based home automation circuit are quite simple, here a liquid
crystal display is used for displaying status of home appliances which is directly
connected to Arduino in 4-bit mode. Data pins of LCD namely RS, EN, D4, D5, D6, D7
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are connected to Arduino digital pin number 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11. And Rx and Tx pin of
GSM module is directly connected at Tx and Rx pin of Arduino respectively. And GSM
module is powered by using a 12-volt adaptor. 5-volt SPDT 3 relays are used for
controlling LIGHT, FAN and TV. And relays are connected to Arduino pin number 3, 4
and 5 through relay driver ULN2003 for controlling LIGHT, FAN and TV, respectively.
WORKING:
In this project, Arduino is used for controlling whole the process. Here we have used
GSM wireless communication for controlling home appliances. We send some commands
like “#A.light on*”, “#A.light off*” and so on for controlling AC home appliances. After
receiving given commands by Arduino through GSM, Arduino send signal to relays, to
switch ON or OFF the home appliances using a relay driver.
Here we have used a prefix in command string that is “#A.”. This prefix is used to
identify that the main command is coming next to it and * at the end of string indicates
that message has been ended.
When we send SMS to GSM module by Mobile, then GSM receives that SMS and sends
it to Arduino. Now Arduino reads this SMS and extract main command from the received
string and stores in a variable. After this, Arduino compare this string with predefined
string. If match occurred, then Arduino sends signal to relay via relay driver for turning
ON and OFF the home appliances. And relative result also prints on 16x2 LCD by using
appropriate commands.
Here in this project we have used 3 zero-watt bulb for demonstration which indicates Fan,
Light and TV.
Below is the list of messages which we send via SMS, to turn On and Off the Fan, Light.
There are various AT commands like ATA for answer a call, ATD to dial a call,
AT+CMGR to read the message, AT+CMGS to send the sms etc. AT commands should
be followed by Carriage return i.e. \r (0D in hex), like “AT+CMGS\r”. We can use GSM
module using these commands:
ATE0 - For echo off
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AT+CNMI=2,2,0,0,0 <ENTER> - Auto opened message Receiving. (No need to open

message)
ATD<Mobile Number>; <ENTER> - making a call (ATD+919610126059; \r\n)
AT+CMGF=1 <ENTER> - Selecting Text mode
AT+CMGS=” Mobile Number” <ENTER> - Assigning recipient’s mobile number
>>Now we can write our message
>>After writing message
Ctrl+Z send message command (26 in decimal).
ENTER=0x0d in HEX
The SIM900A is a complete Quad-band GSM/GPRS Module which delivers GSM/GPRS
850/900/1800/1900MHz performance for voice, SMS and Data with low power
consumption.
S: No Given instruction Operation performed
1 #A.fan on* Fan ON
2 #A.fan off* Fan OFF
3 #A.light on* Light ON
4 #A.light off* Light OFF
5 #A.tv on* TV ON
6 #A.tv off* TV OFF
7 #A.all on* All appliances ON
8 #A.all off* All appliances OFF
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PSEUDO CODE
PROGRAM CODE:
#include <Wire.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
// Set the LCD address to 0x27 for a 16 chars and 2 line display
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);
#define Fan 3
#define Light 4
#define TV 5
int temp=0,i=0;
int led=13;
char str[15];
void setup()
{
lcd.begin();
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(led, OUTPUT);
pinMode(Fan, OUTPUT);
pinMode(Light, OUTPUT);
pinMode(TV, OUTPUT);
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("GSM Control Home");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print(" Automaton ");
delay(2000);
lcd.clear();
lcd.print(" TP&T MAJOR");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print(" PROJECT ");
delay(2000);
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lcd.clear();
delay(1000);
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("System Ready");
Serial.println("AT+CNMI=2,2,0,0,0");
delay(500);
Serial.println("AT+CMGF=1");
delay(1000);
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Fan Light TV ");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("OFF OFF OFF ");
}
void loop()
{
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Fan Light TV");
serialEvent();
if(temp==1)
{
check();
temp=0;
i=0;
delay(1000);
}
}
void serialEvent()
{
while(Serial.available())
{
if(Serial.find("#A."))
{
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digitalWrite(led, HIGH);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(led, LOW);
while (Serial.available())
{
char inChar=Serial.read();
str[i++]=inChar;
if(inChar=='*')
{
temp=1;
return;
}
}
}
}
}
void check()
{
if(!(strncmp(str,"tv on",5)))
{
digitalWrite(TV, HIGH);
lcd.setCursor(13,1);
lcd.print("ON ");
delay(200);
}
else if(!(strncmp(str,"tv off",6)))

{
digitalWrite(TV, LOW);
lcd.setCursor(13,1);
lcd.print("OFF ");
delay(200);
}
21 | P a g e
else if(!(strncmp(str,"fan on",5)))

{
digitalWrite(Fan, HIGH);
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("ON ");
delay(200);
}
else if(!(strncmp(str,"fan off",7)))

{
digitalWrite(Fan, LOW);
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("OFF ");
delay(200);
}
else if(!(strncmp(str,"light on",8)))

{
digitalWrite(Light, HIGH);
lcd.setCursor(7,1);
lcd.print("ON ");
delay(200);
}
else if(!(strncmp(str,"light off",9)))

{
digitalWrite(Light, LOW);
lcd.setCursor(7,1);
lcd.print("OFF ");
delay(200);
}
22 | P a g e
else if(!(strncmp(str,"all on",6)))

{
digitalWrite(Light, HIGH);
digitalWrite(Fan, HIGH);
digitalWrite(TV, HIGH);
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("ON ON ON ");
delay(200);
}
else if(!(strncmp(str,"all off",7)))

{
digitalWrite(Light, LOW);
digitalWrite(Fan, LOW);
digitalWrite(TV, LOW);
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("OFF OFF OFF ");
delay(200);
}
}
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RESULT & SCREEN SHOTS

OUTPUT 1
OUTPUT 2
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CONCLUSION
When the GSM modem is connected to the microcontroller, it communicates with a mobile
via a UART protocol and requires three basic signals such as TXD, RXD and GND. The
GSM modem is connected to the microcontroller, it controls the appliances through an SMS.
This modem always monitors the signals from the input. When the modem receives the SMS
from an operational phone, serially that data is sent to the microcontroller. This
microcontroller compares this data with the stored data. If the compared data match with the
stored data, then the microcontroller generates corresponding signals to control the load.
The SIM900A is a complete Quad-band GSM/GPRS Module which delivers GSM/GPRS
850/900/1800/1900MHz performance for voice, SMS, and Data with low power
consumption.
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FUTURE SCOPE
1. Using GSM module and sending text message may cost charges so an interface can be
developed for communication of Arduino with a mobile phone.
2. A GUI can be made which shows a blueprint of the room in which appliances like
lights and fans can be controlled by touching them on the screen. A feedback
mechanism or a power consumption mechanism can be added which shows the
current status of appliances and power consumed by them.
3. For a small demonstration purpose a LCD screen is attached which shows the status
of appliances i.e. ON or OFF.
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REFERENCES
https://circuitdigest.com/microcontroller -projects/gsm-based-home-automation-using-arduino
http://www.circuitstoday.com/home-automation-using-arduino-and-gsm-module
https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/brink-io/gsm-based-home-automation-fe5e57
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18TS403-TECHNICAL SKILLING-3

(DST-FIST Sponsored Department)

T. Venkata Sai Gangadhar

P. Thishya Supratheek 180040732

G. Sai Sri Abhiram 180040744

Signature of the HOD Signature of the External Examiner

T. Venkata Sai Gangadhar

P. Thishya Supratheek 180040732

G. Sai Sri Abhiram 180040744

S. No. Name of Content Page No.

3 Components Description 8-13

6 Result & Screen Shots 18

1. Digital output controllable

1. Operating Voltage is 4.7V to 5.3V

AT+CNMI=2,2,0,0,0 <ENTER> - Auto opened message Receiving. (No need to open

1 #A.fan on* Fan ON

2 #A.fan off* Fan OFF

3 #A.light on* Light ON

4 #A.light off* Light OFF

6 #A.tv off* TV OFF

7 #A.all on* All appliances ON

8 #A.all off* All appliances OFF

else if(!(strncmp(str,"tv off",6)))

else if(!(strncmp(str,"fan on",5)))

else if(!(strncmp(str,"fan off",7)))

else if(!(strncmp(str,"light on",8)))

else if(!(strncmp(str,"light off",9)))

else if(!(strncmp(str,"all on",6)))

else if(!(strncmp(str,"all off",7)))

RESULT & SCREEN SHOTS

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