Laboratory work in electrotechnics

Airborne self-excited DC Generator

basic performance

Student name, surname: ......................................................

Faculty, group: ......................................................

Student ID number: .......................................................

Riga, 2020
 Protocol №1

Working group: 1. Mihails Jankovskis

2. Jevgenijs Kačajevs

Tasks: To show the relationship between the no-load generated EMF and the field
current at the generator rated fixed speed.

The purpose of the test is to give relationship between the generator terminal voltage
U and the load current I. The values of U are obtained by subtracting from
corresponding values of E. The E value also will fall for some reasons. These reasons
are discussed in the theoretical basics. The external characteristic is of great
importance in judging the suitability of a generator for a particular purpose.

Equipment used: Ampermeters, Voltmeter, Rheostats, DC generator

Rmax = 825 Ω

n = 50 Hz
Measurement tables:

Increasing Decreasing
E = Uout E = Uout
1. SELF-EXCITING № Ifield, [A] Ifield, [A]
[V] [V]
SHUNT-WOUND DC 1 1,5 0 30 1,2
GENERATOR OPEN 2 3 0,05 25 0,8
CIRCUIT 3 5,5 0,15 20 0,55
CHARACTERISTIC 4 12,5 0,35 18,5 0,5
(OCC) TEST
5 15,5 0,45 15,5 0,4
6 18,5 0,55 12,5 0,3
7 20 0,6 5,5 0,1
8 25 0,85 4 0,05

Increasing Decreasing
E = Uout E = Uout
№ Ifield, [A] Ifield, [A]
[V] [V]
1 1 1,05 0 28
2. SELF-EXCITING 2 2 0,9 3,5 25
SHUNT-WOUND DC 3 3 0,825 5 23
GENERATOR 4 4 0,75 6 21
EXTERNAL 5 5 0,7 6,5 20
CHARACTERISTIC 6 6 0,55 7,5 15
TEST
7 7 0,45 7,25 12
8 8 0,3 5,75 8
9 9 0,25 5,25 6,5
10 10 0,15 4 4
11 11 0,1 3 2
12 12 0,025 2 0,5

Calculations:

Ishort circuit = Erated / Rmax = 20 / 825 = 0.2424 A

 Graphs for 1st part:

E=f(I(field))
35

30

25

20
E=Uout [V]

Increasing
Decreasing
15

10

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4

I(field) [A]
Graphs for 2st part:

Uout = f(Iload)
30

25

20
Uout [V]

15

10

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Iload [A]

Ifield = f(lload)
1.2

0.8
Ifield [A]

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Iload[A]
 Conclusion
1. For an open circuit characteristic we can see an image on a graph that is called
a hysteresis loop. The form resembles a nonlinear dependence. First of all, what
metal is made of (mostly ferromagnetic materials), on which the characteristics
and the magnetization curve depend (since aviation steel was used, the
hysteresis is quite small. The amount of residual magnetism depends on the
properties of the core material and reaches a higher value for hardened steel and
a lower value for soft iron.
2. In case of an external characteristic test, the voltage decreases slowler than the
resistance, which is why our current increased. This happened because the
magnetic flux decreases when the excitation current decreases not very
significantly, but at the nominal value (above it) – the voltage U begins to
decrease faster than the resistance, as the generator goes into an unsaturated
state and the Phi (magnetic flux) begins to fall in proportion to the excitation
current. When the current reaches a critical value (the breaking point) – a
further change in resistance does not increase, but causes a decrease in current
strength, because the decrease in voltage is faster than the resistance.