Emelt szintű érettségi/7.

Szabadidő, művelődés, szórakozás

Leisure/work ratio:

Most of us are trying to squeeze as much into one day as possible, and this gives us the
feeling of being busy all the time. It seems that not so long ago the pace of life was much
slower and people had more free time. They spent more time walking and going on outings,
or visiting friends and family. Life has changed a lot over the past couple of decades. It
has become faster and we are under a lot of pressure on all fronts, both at work and in
the family. During the week, people who have families spend the evenings making dinner
and looking after the children. At weekends, they often have a lie-in (if the children let
them), take the children to various activities, the zoo or circus, or visit their family and
friends. For many people though, enjoying leisure is often limited to watching TV at home
with the rest of the family.
Young people normally go to discos or pubs. There are a lot of types of discos
providing several forms of entertainment and music. A very trendy place for the young to
go to is the big shopping malls of large cities. There are fast food restaurants, cinemas
and an endless number of shops. Middle-aged and elderly people like going to concerts
and to the theatre, and eating out in a posh restaurant can also be an option for them.

Hobbies:

A hobby can provide an opportunity to do something completely different from your

usual work or make new friends and exchange ideas. Having a suitable pastime for your
free hours can be a real source of pleasure. Hobbies can be practised by anyone, but there
are some hobbies, that are more typically done by women or men. Needlecrafts such as
knitting, crocheting, or sewing tend to be women’s hobbies, whereas do-it-yourself
carpentry or home repair tend to be men’s hobbies. Most hobbies are unisex. These are
mainly connected to computers like browsing on the net, playing computer games,
chatting, etc. Others can be pursued without the computer. These are: collecting stamps,
napkins, coins or even buttons; making soft toys, gifts; drawing, painting or writing
poetry, modelling, mounting and developing photos, playing card games or other party
games or keeping pets. My hobbies are ……….
Exhibitions, museums: In most museums you can see paintings, graphics, watercolours
and sculptures. By going to permanent or temporary exhibitions you can keep up with the
latest trends in contemporary visual arts. Many people who don’t normally visit museums
have a tendency to dismiss them as boring and often wonder what the appeal is.

Photography: People start doing photography (versus taking snaps or selfies) for many
reasons. It might be a major life event coming up – new baby, wedding, special birthday – or
that overseas trip saved up for over many years. There are some reasons why photography is a
great hobby:
- Recording events and capturing memories
- Have fun
- Learning is good for the brain
- Health and fitness
- Creativity
- Travel
- Meet new people
- Join a photographic community
- Develop a personal style

Music:

Listening to music is also a great free time activity for many people. It has different forms:
you can go to a concert (it can be classical music or pop music), there are really good
music festivals in summer, or you can just download your favourite music to your phone or
listen to it online on You tube. Researches have suggested that people who play instruments
are smarter, there are also plenty of benefits for the music enthusiasts. Music that is
soothing and relaxing can help students to beat stress or anxiety while studying.
Background music may improve focus on a task by providing motivation and improving
mood. Loud or agitated music can have adverse effects on reading comprehension and
on mood, making focus more difficult. I always listen to music, it is very relaxing for me.

Instrumental and vocal music:

1. The four sections of an orchestra:

- Woodwind: oboe-oboist, flute-flautist
- Strings: violin- violinist, violoncello –cellist, cello-cellist, harp-harpist
 - Brass: trumpet- trumpeter, bugle-bugler
- percussion: piano-pianist, drum-drummer

2. Instruments usually found in a modern band: guitar, synthetiser, drums, cymbals

(saxophone, piano)

Films and theatre:

Festivals celebrate the art of film. The most famous film festivals are wide in scope:

- Cannes Film Festival: Golden Palm, Golden Camera, Grand Prix

- Academy Awards: ’Oscars’;
- Golden Raspberry Awards: anti-Oscar ceremony;
- Berlin International Film Festival: Golden, Silver Berlin Bear;
- Venice International Film Festival: Golden Lion.

Cinema do not have live performances, but the films are projected on the to the screen. The
cinema’s possibilities are unlimited. No theatre could ever hope for such a broad variety of
technical means as producers have at their disposal when making a film. The usual cinema
show consists of a feature film preceded by commercials and perhaps some short films
as well as a trailer for the next film on the programme. The main film is is usually
cinemascope and dubbed.
You can choose from lots of various types of film such as a popular
science film, a thriller, an adventure film, a romance, etc. Besides the traditional 2D
films there are 3D films in most cinemas, and there are a few cinemas where you can
enjoy 4D films as well. In a 4D cinema a 3D film is combined with physical effects that
occur in the theatre in synchronization with the film. Effects simulated in a 4D film may
included rain, wind, strobe lights and vibration.
An undubbed film can be very good for language
learning. And if you master the given language you can even enjoy the films without looking
the subtitles. The best film I have seen this year was a
………………… The cast was excellent with …… starrring. (S)He is a box-office attraction
is his/her own right. This film was a big hit and all its show were complete sell-outs.
Decreasing attendance at cinemas is due to
several factors. On the one hand the price of cinema tickets has been raised and it is not a
cheap evening any more to go out to see a film. On the other hand most families have DVD
players at home and they may prefer to watch a filme at home rather than go out.

As a matter of fact I am passionate theatre fan. I try to watch all the perfomances that I think
are good./ I am not much of a theatre goer. In fact neither my time nor my money allows me
to go to the theatre regularly. I enjoy both tragedies and comedies but I know operas,
operettas, modern plays, historical plays, musicals, ballets, etc. The play I saw last was
……….. I enjoyed it/I was disappointed because …….. The cast was marvellous/I was not
particularly happy with the cast.
You can buy theatre tickets at the booking office or through the
Internet. As you enter the theatre there is usually a big foyer, where people can meet before
the performance. There are several cloakrooms where you can leave your hats and coats. You
can either hire or buy opera glasses from the cloakroom attendant. You have to show your
ticket to the usher(ette). The two main parts of a theatre are the stage and the auditorium. A
curtain, when lowered, covers the stage and during the performance footlights or top lights
illuminate the stage. A play usually consists of at least two acts. During the interval you can
go to the bar. When I go to theatre, I like to sit in the boxes because they are
quite near the stage and they are by far the most comfortable. Students normally sit in the
stalls, which are the seats on the ground floor. You can also sit in other places in various parts
of the theatre. Over the boxes is the dress circle, then follow the balconies and finally the
gallery. It would be interesting to go backstage and see what is
happening behind the scenes and in the dressing rooms. I guess that the actors are either
changing or doing their make-up, the stagehands are preparing, and the prompter is
whispering the lines if an actor should forget them. My favourite
actor/actress/comedian/singer/ballet dancer is ……… knows how to make fun…./can
always catch the most important side of the character. I suppose
the most frequently played dramatist is Shakespeare because he is still very popular in
many countries. His most popular plays are the following: Romeo and Juliet, A Midsummer
Night’s Dream, Hamlet, The Merchant of Venice, As You Like It, Anthony and
Cleopatra, etc. I have taken part in a play. It was a fantastic/horrible experience……

Art: Art lends expression to important customs, values and principles of a society. In the
narrowest sense, art is limited to the fine arts: painting and sculpture. In a broader sense, it
refers to the two-dimensional and three-dimensional visual arts, including drawing, painting,
sculpture, architecture, photography, film and decorative arts. In the broadest sense, art
includes drawing, painting, sculpture, architecture, photography, film and decorative
arts.

Pursuing a sport:

It is absolutely vital nowadays when people live a stressful life. Many people participate in
organised sports and play games, such as soccer, rugby, basketball and racquet sport. Others
pursue informal activities: walking, cycling, swimming, running and jogging. Sport centres
and leisure centres provide facilities for badminton, aerobics, yoga, etc. Exercises increases
stamina, strength, co-ordination and flexibility, improves the efficiency of heart, lungs and
the circulatory system. It also strengthens the bones, reduces stress and anxiety and joints and
helps prevent risk factors. Sporting activities have important character building functions:
they developp emotional, intellectual and social skills. Through improving team work and
co-operation, games help young people understand the concepts of fair play, honest
competition and good character. Pursuing a sport breeds self-confidence and fosters
self-esteem.
I run/I occasionally play……/Unfortunately, I don’t do much, because I can’t
bring myself to do exercise ever morning.
In primary and secondary schools, physical education is the subject which teaches
children to do exercise on a regular basis. Our school has a fair-sized gym and sports
grounds. One is for football and handball….. Our gym is quite well-equipped, we have nearly
all the apperatus you need for gymnastics. There are wall bars on the walls and climbing ropes
hanging down from the ceiling. We also have several balls and skipping ropes. We have PE
lessons every day. It is so pleasing to move your muscles after sitting for long hours at the
school desk and going numb. On the other hand there arguments against every PE lessons.
Students are more vulnerable. They get bullied by their classmates in PE lessons without
being noticed by the teacher.

 Sports and their classification:

- professional sportsamateur sports
- outdoor sports indoor sports
- mass sports quality sports
- winter sports summer sports
- team sports  individual sports
- water sports: water polo, swimmming (swimming strokes: front clawl, trudgen,
butterfly stroke, breaststroke, backstroke, sidstroke, composite stroke)
- athletics
- ball games. vocab list of football (cleats – stoplis cipő midfielder –középpályás,
striker – csatár, goalpost – kapufa, corner – szöglet, offside – les , onside – nem les,
referee – játékvezető)
- aerial sports
- equestrian sports
- gymnastics
- weightlifting and combat sports (wrestling, karate, judo, boxing)
- dangerous sports (hunting, motor racing)
- extreme sports: come in many different forms. The elements of mainstream sports can
be combined to create an X sport. Bungee jumping is regarded as one of the least
dangerous X sports.
- shooting and archery
- board games and party games (cards, chess, dice, dominoes, roulette)
- Track and field – atlétika: javelin (gerelyhajítás), triple-jump (hármasugrás), high
jump (magasugrás), long jump (távolugrás), short distance running (síkfutás), cross
country running (terepfutás), hammer throw (kalapácsvetés), shot put (súlylökés),
discus throw (diszkoszvetés), hurdles (gátfutás).
 Places where sports are pursued:
- football pitch
- basketball court
- ice-rink
- swimming pool
- slope
- golf course
- tennis court
- squash court
- race-course
- bowling alley
- gym
  Amateur sportspeople take part in sports in their leisure time, for the satisfaction and
enjoyment gained from the activity. They do not get paid.
 Semi-professional athletes are paid for participating in sports, but also have other
jobs.
 Professional athletes make sport their primary career, a means of earning a living. I
believe that there are quite a lot of risks of becoming a professional athlete. They
devote a lot of time and enery to going to practices, trainig endless hours and only a
few of them can become really famous.

The most spectacular sports:

- Handball is a very rough game, sometimes it even seems violent. It is a rather

demanding to throw the ball into the net over a very muscular wall of defensive
players.
- Basketball, especially American basketball is fun to watch. There are some players
who just fly in the air and dunk the ball into the basket and they just hang on the rim
and celebrate themselves. I think it is not only a game but also a big show.
- Another big show is American football.

Traditional and popular sports in Hungary:

Although Hungary is a relatively small country, it has always been successful in several
different sports.

- The most popular team sport in the country, just like everywhere in the world, is
football. In the 1950s, Hungary had the best team in the world. The Golden Team
(Puskás Ferenc, Bozsik József, etc.), Hungary had its longest winning streak ever in
the history of football. Unfortunately, they were defeated at their most important
game, in the World Cup finals in 1954. The 1960s also saw a good Hungarian team,
which managed to win the Olympic Gold several times.
- In team sports, the water polo team is at its peak again.
- Women’s handball is very popular among girls; a lot of them take up this sport at a
very young age.
- The most popular individual sport is swimming. The most well-known swimmers are
Egerszegi Krisztina, Hosszú Katinka, Darnyi Tamás, Kapás Boglárka, Jakabos
Zsuzsanna, Kovács Ágnes and Gyurta Dániel.
The written word (reading, letter-writing, diaries,etc.):

Literature, in the broadest sense, includes all types of writing from telephone books and
poems to books and scientific studies. In its narrower sense, literature refers to written
works classified as fiction and non-fiction.
Non-fiction deals with real life subjects, personalities and events. Its main purpose
is providing factual information: albums, autobiographies, diaries and journals, essays,
travelogues, reference books.
Works of fiction are products of imagination about imaginary characters and
events. Fiction has 3 main forms – drama, poetry, prose-, which are divided into genres
and further sub-genres.
We read to get to know the world and ourselves. Reading enriches our soul. We read
in order to exercise our memory and nourish our imagination and develops critical
thinking. Reading improves our ability to process, analyse and comprehend concepts and
ideas. We can develop our language skills by reading. It is an entertaining way of spending
free time and bedtime.

Press: There are different types of printed press. Just like many other countries, too, has
local and national papers. They are either serious or sensational. Unfortunately, at present
most of them are tabloids. Journals usually deal with specialised subjects such as medicine,
science, trade or education which are published monthly or quarterly.
Periodicals come out daily, weekly, monthly or quarterly. Daily papers are almost
all the same in appearance and layout. Apart from news, newspapers also contain many
other features like advertisements; announcements of birth, marriages and deaths;
crossword puzzles; horoscopes; letters from readers; obituaries of famous people who
have died; TV and radio programmes; weather and classified advertisements, which
may be personal or may advertise jobs, houses and cars for sale or objects wanted.
Some serious British papers are the Times, the Guardian, the Independent, the Daily
Telegraph.

The mass media in Hungary:

People are being brainwashed by the onslaught of negative media. Claude Levi-Strauss, an
anthropologist, studies show that there is an increase of neural firing in the brain when
shown negative media. This means that our brains are triggered more by negative media than
by neutral and positive media. The overwhelming negative media is causing people to see
the world in a negative way. If the media were to become balanced people would learn to
see the world in a more positive way, and will believe that we live in a good world.

Internet:
Today there are lots of social media sites or services where people can contact each other
virtually. On FB you can create your profile and can have lots of virtual friends, you can tag
and follow people, events, celebs, bands, even newspapers. You can post information or
pictures on your timeline or on a friend’s timeline. You can join groups. Facebook is also
good for learning: there are study groups for classes where students and teachers can share
useful information with each other. Messenger is a popular app for sending text, voice or
video messages. Or you can even make a call. It’s a free app. Snapchat is an app where any
pictures or videos or messages you send are only available for a short time. It’s about instant
communication through photos and videos. Instagram is a social networking app for sharing
photos and videos with special effects. Users add hashtags to their photos.

TV:

Since the television appeared in the 1950s people’s entertainment habits have changed
dramatically. Television glued the viewers to the screen. A new type of person was created,
the couch potato, who would spend most of the day watching mindless programmes, no
matter what is on.
There is a wide range of channels and programmes people can choose from in
Hungary. It is good if you need variety, but it just makes people lazy. In Hungary, people are
mainly interested in talk shows, reality shows, quiz programmes, South American soap operas
and football.