16.

CULTURAL EVENTS

16. Cultural Events

Love of beautyis taste.

The creation of beautyis art.
(Ralph Waldo Emerson)

_ Allthephrasesbelowareinconnectionwithdifferentforms of arts
wmthe columnwith whichweassoci
that fit more than one place, though.

Sound-track, dance, singer, ceramics, script, drama, poet, subtitles, musical, sculpture,
shooting, orchestra, cast, painting, theatre, novel, musician,live statue, screen, canvas,
ballet, CD, photography, concert, architecture, poem, rehearsal, volume,sculptor, opera,
rhyme, busker, painter, short story

Questions

Whatis yourfavourite form of entertainment?

m3 Whatsort of cultural events take place in your town/Vvillage?
3 Whyare cultural festivals popular?
Doyou attend them? Why? Whynot?
5 Howoften do you go to the theatre?
3 Have you seen a good performancerecently? Whatdid youlike aboutit?
Peoplepreferfilms and TV to theatre nowadays. Do you agree?
8. Whatkindoffilms do you like?

va
 16. CULTURAL EVENTS

List sometypesoffilms.
NR SSEEBESEESBHSEE8

Whatfilmsare you put off by? Why?

Film stars are greatly overrated. Do you agree?
Whattypesofbooksdo youlike reading? Why?
Where do youget your books from?
Whatdo you think of e-books?
Whatkind of music do youlike?
How do famous musicians influence young people?
Are you anartlover?
What makesa workof art valuable?
Whatkindofstreet performance do you know? Which one would youliketo try? Why?
Is graffiti a sign of vandalism orisit art?
Whatkind of exhibitions can be seen in your neighbourhood?
Whatwasthe mostinteresting exhibition you have ever seen?

Whatis your favourite form of entertainment?

a) I like all kinds of entertainment, from traditional live entertainment to the present-
day mass media. I am really keen on modern ballet; however, I can only seefirst class
performances on Mezzo Channel andlive for high-price tickets. Film, music, radio and
TVare part of my everydaylife. I often go to the cinema,as in myopinion a realfilm is
only enjoyable on a big screen with Dolby surround.
b) Myfavourite forms of entertainmentare music, theatre and art exhibitions. I like all kinds
of music, and choosethe typeI listen to according to my mood.I regularly attendclassical
music concerts and do not miss any new performancein thelocal theatre. There is no
openingof a new exhibition in my town without me.

B® Whatsortof cultural events take place in your town/village?

a) My townis famousforits vibrant culturallife, and we have a high standard of programmes
all year round.There are severalfestivals held annually, such as Jazz Days, International
Choir Competition, Military Bandfestival and Children and Youth Folkdance Days. As
part of Spring and AutumnFestivals organised in all major cities in Hungary there are
concerts ofclassical and pop music, theatrical performances with troupes from othercities
and abroad, anda series of exhibitions. The choice is so great that sometimesit is too
difficult to select the best programme.
b) We do not have too many events, but there are some that are worth visiting. These
programmesare mainly offered in summertimebecauseofthe tourist season. We have a

223
 16. CULTURAL EVENTS

multi-functional park which can be used as an openair theatre, cinemaor concert hall
There are concerts each weekend,talk shows, theatrical and dance performances.

3 Whyare culturalfestivals popular?

Culturalfestivals are popular because they offer a wide range of entertainmentto people ofall
ages. They are well-advertised,as the host townorvillage can benefit a lot from such an event
Modernfestivals last for several days, during which people can havea rest, see the sights of
the region, get an insight into the local customs, gastronomyandtrade, and in the evenings
they can havea thrilling experience of high culture.

B23 Do you attend them? Why? Why not?

a) I attend the Jazz Days and several summerrockfestivals each year. My parents are great
festival fans, they always combine their holidays with some cultural events. They have
already spent days in Szeged and Gyula enjoying the summertheatre evenings, and have
taken part in several programmesof Art Festivals in Sdrospatak and Kapolcs. This year
they are planning to go to Debrecen to the Flower Carnival, which has growninto a week-
long festival with events focusing on music, dance andflowers.
b) I don’tlike festivals. They are overcrowded, commercialised events, which offer too many
programmesin a short period of time at a very high price. You have to spendatleast two
days there, which, taking the cost of accommodation and food into consideration, may
cost a fortune if you have a family of four. We'd rather stay at home, and enjoy cultureall
year roundnotjust for two days.

#3 Howoften do you go to the theatre?

a) I often go to the theatre, but I prefer small-stages,
the so-called alternative, studio and fringe theatres.
In their performances the cast is smaller, the sets
and other technical elements are very simple, but
they arerich in original ideas both in directing and
acting. The plays are written by foreign or Hungarian
contemporaryplaywrights. I am a regularvisitor of
theatrical festivals held all over the country.
b) Not often. Although I have a seasonticket, seven
or eight performances are included in the price.
I can’t afford to travel to a different town to watch
a performance. I like classical, serious plays and
performances where acting and the moral message
of the play is important. Nowadays spectacular
shows,like musicals are on the programme,and these performancesare rather technical
than theatrical. They are too weakto entertain and too easyto forget.

224
 16. CULTURAL EVENTS

Wf) Have you seen a good performance recently? Whatdid you like aboutit?
a) Yes, it was The Phantom of the Opera by Andrew Lloyd Webber. I’m interested in grand-
scale musicals, as these performances are very spectacular with amazing lighting and
soundeffects, haunting tunes, excellent performances, sophisticated sets and costumes.
This was a magnificent performance which was thrill to the blood and a sensualfeast
for the eye. It was the most spectacular showI’ve ever seen.It containedall the necessary
magic ingredientsof theatricality: exciting plot, careful, astute direction, eye-poppingsets,
spectacular costumes,sensational stage effects and an amazingly goodcast.
b) I saw TheRite ofSpring, a dance-theatrepieceset to Stravinsky's music. The set was simple.
At the centre was a couple - a man and woman. The woman worea deep red dress. Her
dancing seemed pagan - she seemed to dancefor herlife. The performance stirred up
conflicting feelings: horror, admiration anda senseof beauty.I felt this could be about a
contemporary couple; it could be Adam andEve; or a portrait of someoneisolated from
society. It was metaphorical and emotional. I was unable to resist being drawnin.

People prefer films and TV to theatre nowadays. Do you agree?

a) Yes, I do. The main difference between a film and a theatrical performance is in the
intensity of visual images. The former offers more elaborated vision,it’s full of motion,
picturesque landscape,the scenes changefast and you cansee incredible action. Meanwhile
on a theatre stage there are some people moving andtalking. The wordsofthe characters,
their dialogues or monologuesplay the greatest role, which seemsto be boring toa lot of
people. People of the 21% century are extremely visual. Moreover, you can watchfilms,
I mean DVDsat home,and TVis at hand; so it’s very convenient to have fun sitting in a
comfortable armchair. What’s moreit’s much cheaper than a theatreticket.
b) No,I don’t, although I knowthat the numberoftheatre-goersis decreasing,butstill there is an
audiencefor the theatre. I know lot ofpeople whoareintoreality; they like to see the actors
face to face.It’s so nice to hear them breathing, smiling or crying. Films seem to be remote, a
theatrical performance is much more convincing, a real experience, a sort of personaltouch.

E33 Whatkindoffilms do youlike?

a) I like romanticfilms,classical novel adaptations,films that deal with great humanfeelings,
like love, loyalty/faithfulness, revenge or forgiveness. I like being moved and touched by
an excitingly twisting plot and convincingly genuine acting. However, when I want to
relax I watch detective films or comedies. There’s nothing better than having a good laugh
with my family.
b) I am into action, horror and science-fiction films. Action-packed movies with car chase
scenes and sophisticated martialartsfights, spine chilling scary movieswith sinister music
andrevoltingacts of the characters give my soula thrill. 1 am always amazed by computer
technology and admire engineers and designers for creating strange butlovely creatures,
just like in Star Wars.

da
 16. CULTURAL EVENTS

§&} List sometypesoffilms.

There are action, adventure, animated, detective, disaster, historical, horror, science-fiction
(sci-fi) and warfilms; television and feature films; film series (have the same characters but
different story each time like in the “X-files”) andserials (the story is shownin several parts
like in “Dallas”); cartoons, comedies, documentaries, fantasies, musicals, thrillers, tragedies
and westerns. Anyfilm can be a blockbusteror a box-office hit.

Whatfilms are you put off by? Why?

a) I don’tlike soppy, Hollywoodstyle movies in which the main characters are not complex
personalities; they are either black or white, good guysorvillains. Life and humancharacter
are very complicated, a mixture of dark and bright. Happy endings andvictorious finales
always disappoint me.
b) Stupid comedies, without any twists in the plot, violent scenes, too much blood and
frightening, sinister music. I can’t stand films about Europeanhistory or oriental martial
arts and their philosophy made by Americans in a Hollywoodstyle.

Film stars are greatly overrated. Do you agree?

a) Yes, they earn millions and they appear everywhere: on the cover pages of magazines,in
TV shows, in advertisements endorsing certain items. They just act in one or twofilms a
year and make more moneythananyofus in lifetime. They are not only overpaid but also
overrated. Some of them have becomepopular just because they are considered attractive,
and it doesn’t actually make them good actors. To me good actors as personalities are
unrecognisable, and whenyou see them onthe screen, you don’t actually see them, you see
the character theyare playing.
b) No, they work hard and deserve their money. They sometimes spend months on film
shooting, working all day long far from their family and home. Then they appear ontalk
showsandat film premieres promotingthefilm. They entertain millions bringing them
joy, happiness and excitement. As for their media appearance, the demandforgossip about
stars is great,it’s people’s curiosity that fuels and supportscelebrities.

Whattypes of books do youlike reading? Why?

a) I enjoy a wide mix of books, including biographies, historical novels, science-fiction,
mysteries, true crime stories and even a good romance. Some entertain, some educate but
all help me to understand the worldbetter.
b) I read at least one book a week.I like a lot of types of books — fiction, nonfiction, romance,
fantasy, biographies, autobiographies, short stories and poetry. But my absolute favourite
are mysteries - new andold. I have read books by Agatha Christie over and over again.
Mysteries and fantasies take me into another world; I often feel the need to break away
from reality.
 c) I used to love adventure stories; my love for them started whenI read Treasure Island and
Robinson Crusoe. But nowadays I am hooked ontrue crime books, as they are gripping
andit’s really exciting to go along thepathof finding outthe truth. Nofiction can outshine
reality. Life is the greateststoryteller.

Where do you get your books from?

a) I regularly go to the schoollibrary. It has a great collection of compulsory literature and
there are dictionaries, encyclopaedias, reference booksfor all the subjects we learn. If
I can't find a book I'll go to the city or the countylibraries. I often get books from my
grandparents and parents. By the time I finish mystudiesI’d like to have a big library in
my home.
b) I often buy books, mainly second-hand ones. There are several second-hand bookshops,
and I like spending my timethere searchingforsci-fi novels, books on history and some
cheap art publications. I can find a real bargain almost every week. The majority of the
books are in good condition and they are much cheaper than new ones. From spring to
autumnthereis a flea market with several bookstalls. I always buya lot of booksthere. My
friends also like reading, and we not only recommendbooksto each other but also lend
them.

Whatdo youthink of e-books?

a) I love e-books!I travel a lot andI lovethefeeling of takingliterally the whole library with
me. E-booksare the future in education, and they are very useful for research when you
can't get hold of a printed copy. Moreover,they arefree,or fairly cheap as you can get them
through subscription.
b) I prefer real books. I wouldn’t want to read a novelin electronic form... too impersonal
andsterile. Computerfiles just don’t give the samefeel and scent as old books.I like the
idea of having the booksactually in my hand,flipping throughthe pages, I lovethetactile
experience. I don't feel the same reading from screen, and besides I spend enoughtime
staring at a computer.

Whatkind of music do youlike?

a) I just can’t see myselfonlylistening to onegenre.If you limit yourself and youstick to one
or a few genres of music, you cheatyourself outof the beautiful worksof our time and time
gone by. How could you notloveclassic rock stars, the singers and bandsofour time or
Beethoven and Mozart;there are just too many to mention.
b) I like almost everything except heavy metal. I love jazz music as theyplay it here in Eastern
Europe;andclassics by Mozart and Bart6k have had a high rankingwith me.
c) I like hard rock and heavy metal, hard rhythms,thick, massive sound, extended guitar
solos and their overall loudness. Their lyrics and performance styles are very masculine
and macho.Rockis simply fantastic.

AM
 16. CULTURAL EVENTS

How do famous musiciansinfluence young people?

Famous musicians influence young people both in positive and negative ways. As they serve
as role models, some of them have becomeiconic in theirlifetime, teenagers and fans imitate
them. Theyfollow their looks (piercings, tattoos and hairstyle), wear similar clothes andstart
behaving like them. If a teenage idol leads a decentlife (works hard for success, has steady
relationships, doesn’t waste money on stupid luxurious things, donates moneyto charity,
campaigns for people in need and the environment) he/she serves as a good example. On
the other hand, among musiciansthere are a lot of outcasts, deviant people, media-created
celebrities, who drink, take drugs and behave aggressively. They influence young people in a
very bad way, as fans thinkthis is trendy and they should behavelike their idols.

Are you anart lover?

a) Yes, I think I am.I like paintings by Dali and Miro. If we travel abroad we always visit
the museum the place is famousfor. It’s very fascinating to see a work of art you learnt
about at school and know from books with your owneyes. | also like sculptures in public
places, and recently we've visited the Statue Park in Budapest. It was most educational
and entertaining. If there’s an interesting exhibition in my townI go andseeit. Ifit is in
another town or BudapestI visit it with my parents or myclass.
b) No,notreally. Worksof art are too high-brow,too sophisticated, I don’t understand what
the artist wants to say. Photographyis a bit more interesting and theatre and film posters
are OK.

What makesa work of art valuable?

Value can mean a real amount of money, but in connection with art we rather speak about
aesthetic or theoretical value. There are many worksof art (paintings, sculptures, statues,
photos etc.) that are invaluable or priceless, as they never appear on the market, no one
has evertried to sell or buy them. Pictures by famouspainters are exhibited in museums
and galleries, or owned by wealthy collectors. The real market value of an artist or picture
or sculpture can sometimesbe revealed in an auction. The fame and notoriety of an artist
have a great influence on public opinion. Age is another factor; pieces from ancient times
(Greek, Roman, Egyptian or Renaissance periods) may also be highly valued just because
of their age. Rarity is another point we can take into consideration. Nowadays, some works
of contemporary art can gain high appreciation - despite their low artistic value - due to
successful media promotion.

Whatkind of street performance do you know? Which one would you like to
try? Why?
a) There are buskers (street musicians), drama groups, live statues, pavementartists, graffiti
artists, portrait painters, clowns, acrobats, jugglers and/or salamanders(fire-eaters).
b) I would like to be a busker. I’ve been learning to play the flute for 10 years, so I think

228
 16. CULTURAL EVENTS

I would be quite able to play well. I would entertain people, they would admire and value
me and my performance. In addition, I'd earn some moneyby doing pleasantjob.
c) I’ve always wanted to be a clown. It must be a fantastic feeling when you make people
laugh. Bringing somelightorjoy in others’lives is soul-lifting. Children would havea rest
sitting around me, falling about laughing after a long, boring, tiring walk in the town.
Adults also would forget about their problemsat least for some minutes.
d) I'd like to be a live statue. It seems to be boring, butit isn’t. It is really hard to stand in
a posture motionless for hours. That would be real challenge for me. Id like to tryit.
Maybe sometimein the future in Budapest or abroad I'll havea try.

2 Is graffiti a sign of vandalism oris it art?

a) I think graffiti as it appears in Hungaryin public places
is vandalism. All over the town lines are sprayed and
eyesore imagesare scribbled on walls, which are done
illegally, mostly at night. As soon as a building has
been renovated or repainted new unsightly scrawls
appear on the clean surface the next day. It’s a
crime, antisocial behaviour. However, I’ve
already seen some quite interesting, well-
designed graffiti on train carriages. They
were spectacular, colourful - a nicesort of
decoration on a grey vehicle. I’ve also read
about exhibitions, where works of graffiti
artists were displayed in the museums
of New York and Amsterdam. There are
websites, or even clothes designedin this style. This is a question oftaste.
b) If graffiti is done with great care, and you can make out theletters, it’s on a wall as
decoration, that’s OK. My friend, who is good at makinggraffiti, was allowed to decorate
the wall of his room inthis style. It looksreally great.

What kind of exhibitions can be seen in your neighbourhood?

a) We have a Modern and Contemporary Art Centre, where there are permanent and
periodical exhibitions of Hungarian andforeign artists of the 20'* and 21% centuries.
In the town museum visitors can see the local historical collection and richfine art
collection. In the so-called Tanner’s House the exhibitions present the worksofart ofthe
craftsmenof the region.
b) We have some Memorial Museums, which were created in honourofthe sculptors and
painters born here. The exhibition material encompasses the entire oeuvre of these
artists, along with some documentsoftheir lives, and their everyday objects and pieces
of furniture. Theart gallery hosts exciting, experimental exhibitions, which give talented
youngartists an opportunity to display their latest works.

229
 16. CULTURAL EVENTS

—23 Whatwasthe mostinteresting exhibition you have ever seen?

a) It was a so called oeuvre exhibition of Jézsef Rippl-Ronai, a fantastic Hungarian painter —
wholived from 1861-1927. I saw it in Budapest, in the National Gallery in the Buda Castle. J
There were drawings, paintings in oil and watercolour, pastels and canvasesofdifferent
sizes. The exhibition wasorganised with great care andtaste. I could see paintings from all
of his periods. His “pastel period” impressed methe most. It consists of portraits of women
and famous Hungarian writers. A posterofhis last picture, a self-portrait is hung on the
wall of my room.
b) WhenI first heard about the “Body Worlds” exhibition I was scared but interestingly
enough whenI saw it I didn’t feel any fear. I started to understand death, and when you
understandit, you will live a healthier life and you will worship yourlife. Seeing for the
first time what doctors see on a regularbasis — the human body beneathskin left a lasting
impression on me. Uponleavingthere was a brain specimen that everybody was allowed
to touch. Curiosity nearly killed the cat, because I almost fainted as soonasI picked up the
specimen.It was waxy andtotally weird. The womansaid the reason whyit felt waxy was
because ofthe stuffthey used to preserve the specimens.Allinall, I did find the exhibition
highly informative and extremely interesting.

admire ed'maie csodal

adventure ed'ventfa kaland
amusement a'mju:zment szorakozas, szorakoztatas
ancient times ‘einfent taimz régi torténelmi korok
animated ‘eenimeitid animacios
annually ‘eanjoall évente
art publication ‘art pabli'keifan muvészeti album
astute direction a'stju:t di'rekfen ugyes, okos rendezeés
audience ‘ordiens kozonség
ballet ‘beele! balett
 eensate UE EVENTS

nagyonszeret, oddig van _

be keen on ‘bir ‘kizn en
oo Winiért
be hooked on ‘bi: ‘hokt en rabja vminek
be moved ‘bir ‘murvd ~ meghatddik, elérzékenytil
blockbuster ‘blokbaste bestseller
box-office hit ‘boks‘ofis ‘hit kasszasiker ©
busker(street musician) ‘baske (‘stri:t mjurzifen) utcazenész
canvas ‘keenves -vaszon
szereposztas, stab, a
cast karst
szinészek Osszessege
choice tfois = valasztevalasztas -
choir kwale korus
cleansing ‘klenzin medgtisztulas, megtisztitas
commercialised ‘ke'me:felaizd eluzletesedett
compulsoryliterature kem'palseri ‘litritfe — kdtelezd6 irodalom
conflicting feelings kon'fliktin ‘fizlinz ellentétes, Se
contemporary ken'temperer Oras = = =
cost a fortune ‘kost 9 ‘foxtfan egy vagyonba keri
costume ‘kostjom- jelmez
county ‘kaonti megyei
craftsman ‘kra:ftsmoen kézmtives
curiosity |kjoorrosit kivancsisag
_valamire valo, jo,
decent ‘dirsont
megfelelé, igazi —
display di'splei kiallit, bemutat
e-book ‘ir ‘bok -elektronikus konyv _
educate ‘edjokeit nevel, oktat
elaborated 'lzebereitid - gondosan kidolgozott
encompass in'kampes korulfog, korbevesz
encyclopaedia in'saikle'prdia aexikon = =
entertain ente'tein szorakoztat
event 'vent esemény _
exhibition .eksi'bifan kiallitas
eye-popping ‘al ‘pOpin. - szemet gyOnydrkddtetd —
eyesore ‘alSoz szemet sértd
face to face ‘feis to feis - szemtdol szembe -
faithfulness ‘felOfalnes huség
fall about laughing ‘fo:l a'baot‘lazfin hahotazik
fame feim hirnév
famousfor 'feimesfo: htres
fanatikusan ee
fan feen
kedveld

2351
 16. CULTURAL EVENTS

fascinating ‘feesineitin elbtvold, elragad6

feature films ‘fitfe filmz jatékfilm, nagyfilm
film shooting ‘film ‘fuztin filmforgatas —
fine art ‘fain art szeépmuveészet
folkdance ‘faokda:ns néptanc
forgiveness fe'givnes megbocsatas
former ‘forme elébbi
fringe theatre ‘frind3 ‘O1ete kisérleti szinhaz
fuel ‘fjool taplal
gain high appreciation ‘gain ‘hai a,prizfreifen nagy elismeréstér el
genre ‘zonre miufaj —
genuine ‘dzenjoin eredeti
gossip ‘gosip pletyka
nagy formatumu, nagy
grand-scale ‘graind skell
volumentt
izgalmas, megkapo,
gripping ‘gripin megragado
haunting tunes ‘hointin ‘tju:nz ftilbemaszo dallamok
hold, held, held haold, held, held tart, megrendez
high ranking ‘hat 'reenkin nagyraértékeles
high standard ‘hai 'steended magas szinvonalu
magasroptu, kifinomult
high-brow ‘haibrau
izlésu
a rendezvénynek otthont
host heost
ado hely
in honourof In ‘one ev valakinek a tiszteletére
invaluable in'veeljoebel felbecsulhetetlen értéku
juggler ‘dzagle zsonglor
last, lasted, lasted la:st, larstid tart valamennyi ideig
lighting ‘laitin megvilagitas, vilagositas
live statue ‘laiv ‘steetfur él6 szobor
local ‘lavkel helyi, helybeli
long for ‘lon fe vagyik valamire
loyalty ‘loralt huség, lojalitas
lyrics — ‘liriks dalszoveg
make out ‘meik ‘aot _ kivesz, meglat
market value ‘mazkit ‘veelju: piaci érték
Memorial Museum mi'mo:rial mjurziem emléekmuzeum
Military Band ‘militari ‘beend _ katonazenekar
miss mis hianyol, hianyzik vkinek
motion ‘maovjan mozgas
motionless ‘meofenles mozdulatlan

ray
 16. CULTURAL EVENTS

non-fiction ‘non ‘fikfen tényirodalom

notoriety ineote'ralsti hirhedtség
oeuvre evr életmu
openair theatre ‘gupen ‘ee ‘Olete szabadtéri szinhaz
tarsadalombdol kivetett
outcast ‘aotkaist
egyén
tulragyog, elhomalyosit
outshine aot'fain
valamit
tulértékel, érdemein felul
overrate overeit
ertékel |
jardafest6, jardara rajzolo
pavementartist ‘peivment‘artist
muveész
performance pe'formens eldadas
periodical exhibition pler'odikal ,eksi'bifen idészaki kiallitas
permanent ‘pe:menent allando
personal touch ‘pa:senal tat! szemeélyes érintettseg
playwright ‘pleirait dramairo
plot plot cselekmény
poetry ‘pavetri koltészet
posture ‘postfe poz, testtartas
felbecsulhetetlen,
priceless ‘praislos megfizethetetlen
purify ‘pjoerifal megtisztit
put off ‘put ‘of kiabrandit, lehangol
rarity ‘reoritl ritkasag
real bargain ‘rial ‘bazgin igazi jo vétel, jd fogas
recommend reke'mend ajanl
reference book 'reforens ‘bok szakkonyv
remote rimeot tavoli
resist rizist ellenall
restore ri'sto: helyreallit, visszaallit
revenge rivendZ bosszu
revolting ri'vozltin visszataszito, undoritd
rhythm ndédm ritmus
salamander(fire-eater) 'sealmeende (‘fale‘i:te) tuznyeldé
scent sent illat
scrawl skro:l firka, falfirka; firkal
scribble 'skribal firkal
sculpture ‘skalptfe szobor
antikvar konyvesbolt,
second-hand bookshop ‘sekend ‘heend ‘bokjop antikvarium
sensual feast ‘senfoalfizst éerzéeki gyOnyor
oF De
serial; series ‘slorial, ‘SIariiz sorozat
set set diszlet; jelenetbeallitas
short story ‘Sozt ‘stori novella
sinister ‘siniste baljos, vészjosl6
sophisticated sa'fistikeitid kimunkalt, kifinomult
soppy ‘SOpl CSOpPOgoOs, Szirupos
soul-lifting ‘sool‘liftin lelekemel6d
specimen ‘spesimin mintadarab, példany
spectacular spek'teekjola latvanyos
spine chilling ‘spain ‘tfilin hatborzongatdo
spray sprel spray-velfalra fest
stick to 'stik ta ragaszkodik vmihez
story teller ‘storri ‘tele torténetmonddé
subscription sab'skripfen eldfizetés
tactile ‘teektalal tapintasi
take place ‘teik ‘pleis torténik valahol
take part in ‘telk ‘part in részt vesz valamiben
Tanner's House ‘teenez ‘haus Timarhaz
szinhazbajaro,
theatre-goer ‘Blate ‘gave
szinhazlatogato
theatricality 6), etri'keeliti teatralitas
thrill Oril borzongas, vibralas
thrilling experience ‘Grilin ik'sprerians borzongast kelt6 élmény
troupe truzp tarsulat -
érdekfeszit6, varatlan for-
twisting plot ‘twistin ‘plot
dulatokkalteli cselekmény
twist twist csavar, nem vart fordulat
unrecognisable An'rekegnaizebeal felismerhetetlen
unsightly An'saitll csunya, ronda
valuable ‘veeljoebel ertékes
value ‘veeljur ertéek
vibrant ‘vaibrent elénk, valtozatos
villain ‘vilon gonosztev6
watercolour ‘worta ‘kalo vizfesték
waxy ‘weeks! viaszszeru
wide rangeof 'waid 'reindz ev széles valaszték
workof art ‘werk ev ‘art mualkotas
workshop ‘we:kfop muhely
érdemes meglatogatni,
worthvisiting ‘we:‘vizitin
elmenni oda(hely)
 16. CULTURAL EVENTS

6 ReadingComprehension __
Read the following text about a new Irish museum. Mark each statement(1-8)
A ifit says the sameasthetext, if it says somethingdifferent from the text,C
if the text does not give enoughinformation for you to choose A or B. Write ae
letters in the boxes. There is an example (0) at the beginning. _ y

Ireland's New Museum for Leprechauns

“Now, youre not going to see anyonedressedaslittle people,” warns
Tom O’Rahilly as he leads a group into Dublin’s new National
Leprechaun Museum. “In fact, you are highly unlikely to see
any actual leprechaunsatall.” Slightly disappointed that there
won't be anylive specimens prancing about, the visitors follow
O’Rahilly down a long, tapered tunnel meant to shrink the
visitor — psychologically, at least — to leprechaunsize. Thefirst
room is a re-creation of the Giant’s Causeway, the legendary
hexagonal rock formation in County Antrim that in Irish
folklore is prime hunting ground for leprechauns. Then we
reach the museum’s inner sanctum: the Rainbow Room,where
the pristine arc of a rainbow hasbeen fashioned out of
soft multicoloured ropes. At the end of the rainbow,
naturally, is where the leprechaun’s crock (clay pot) of
gold will be.
“We're going to have a quarter of a million Eurosof real gold. Whois going to come to a museum
to see a pile of gold-painted pebbles? And anyway, leprechauns don’t deal in anythingelse,” says
O’Rahilly.
The lure of actual bullion is just one of the tactics the $6.8 million museum, which opened
Wednesday, is using to try to change the way people view the leprechaun. A character in Irish
folklore dating back to the 8th century — a cunning shoemakingsprite (fairy) who enticed people
with untold wealth and then cunningly snatched it away at the last moment —the leprechaun
wastransformed by advertisers and Hollywood producers in the 1950s and ‘60s into something
altogether different: a gaudy, top-hat-wearing, pipe-smoking creature. O’Rahilly, a well-known
Irish furniture designer, says he didn’t set out with the goal of rehabilitating the image of the
leprechaun.Theidea for the museum simply cameto him in a momentof inspiration one morning
in 2003. “I can’t say it wasa fairy visitation,” he says with a laugh. “I was just drawn to them,or
maybe they were drawn to me.” With the Celtic Tiger economy boomingat the time, he didn’t
have muchdifficulty finding investors to put up the moneyto fundthe venture.
Then the Irish economy collapsed in the global downturn, and people’s attitudes toward the
museum quickly changed. Analysts feel the timing of the museum openingis unfortunate.
However, O’Rahilly hopes the museum will stir up pride in Irish folklore rather than provoke

235
 16. CULTURAL EVENTS

anger at the price tag. What he’s created,after all, is not a conventional museum butan evocative
sculptural installation based on themes from leprechaun mythology.In addition to the Fort Knox
crock, the museum has a rain room, where soundeffects and lighting makeit feel as if Ireland’s
most abundantnatural resourceis splattering down aroundvisitors, and there’s a leprechaun well
that appears to be infinitely deep, thanks to the help of multimedia screens and video cameras.
The poetry andlyricism of the exhibits, O’Rahilly believes, will captivate locals andtouristsalike.
“If it goes well, we mayfinally be able to welcomethe leprechaun backto respectability,” he says.
“Andif it goes wrong,I will be the biggest fool in Christendom.”
(www.time.com/time/world/article)

Visitors may meetreal leprechaunsor at least someone imitating them in the museum.
BRSBHRaS 8e

The territory of the Giant’s Causeway used to be the place where leprechauns had their
regular meetings.
The gold-painted pebbles displayed in the museum are worth € 250,000.
The museum usesseveral ideas in orderto alter the imageof leprechauns.
A leprechaunis a tiny creature that deceives people.
There are several advertisements depicting top-hat-wearing leprechaunsondisplay.
In 2003it was noteasy to collect the money needed for the museum.
The museum openedat the best possible time.
The museum uses state-of-the-art technology to attract people from Ireland as well as
abroad.

GeceGtaoeaaeeaekeoad
» Listening Comprehension
_ Inthis sectionyou are goingto heara newsreport aboutanexhibition. Your task
is to writetheletter of the correct answer in the boxes below.First, you will have
- sometimetostudythe task, andthen youwill hear therecording. Then,aftera _
_ short pause,listen to the recording again. Thereiis an ores (0) that has been Ss
_doneforyou. — . iy

Picasso's Largest Work Finally Goes on Show

M2) Picasso’s work was bought
by the British Museum.
§&) almost 50 yearsago.
after a show.

ES
 Serge Diaghilev. sah
had greatinfluence on ballet.
Bi wasa notoriousballet-dancer.
took part in a riot in 1913.
ee Picasso
started work with Diaghilev before World WarI.
GE) designedsets for 9 ballets.
didn’t know Coco Chanel.
The ballet Le Train Bleu
wasfirst staged in Paris in 1924.
@) was choreographedbyDiaghilev.
was Picasso’s most famous work.
The huge curtain
WW depicts 2 fat women standing onthe beach.
@&) wasn’t painted by Picasso.
wasn't signed by Picasso.
© Thehuge canvas
was broughtto England in 1969.
G5) was boughtfor £ 69,000.
wasdisplayed for a short period in 1987.
m3 The exhibition
will feature the whole collection of Ballet’s Russes costumes.
@ will display even a bigger canvas than the curtain by Picasso.
will open in January 2011.
 If winning isn’t everything,
whydo they keep score?
(Vince Lombardi)

HRDLUSE-
INSETN-
NGFCNIE-
TMONNDBAI-
& SKIGNI-
3 BAEKSALLTB-
MWSNIGMI-
8. YCEHIECOK-
eh LFBLOOAT-
MYCANISSTG--
INCLYCG-
BLLVLLOEAY-
IBTTLESNEAN-
EYHARRC-
ERY
me

Do youpursue any sports?

E43 whyisit importantto keepfit?
Whatkind of equipmentdo you have at home for doing exercise?
Whatsportsfacilities are there in your school/workplace?
@3 How manyPElessons do you have a week? Do youfind that enough?

ray)
3 What do you doin the PE lessons?
Whatcategories can sports be dividedinto?
ES Give some examplesin eachcategory.
=) Whatdo you know about the Summer Olympic Games?
When werethefirst Winter Olympics held and whateventsare included now?
Whatare the Paralympics?
What's the difference between amateurandprofessional sport?
What are the most popular amateur sports with your friends and acquaintances?
Whatsports are Hungariansespecially goodat?
Whatare thetraditional British and American sports?
Whatis doping?
Whatsports are usually referred to as extreme sports?
Whydoyou thinkcertain people enjoy doing extremesports?
Whatare the advantages of team sports?
By Do you support a team?

Answers op

Do you pursueanysports?
a) Yes, I do, and to be honest I couldn’t do without my regular 60-minute workoutsession
that I do three times a week. Actually it is for working women,there are 20 of us in the
group andbesidesthe physical exercise whichhelpsuslet off steam after a day’s workit is
nice to meet andtalk to other people who you knowwell in the changing room before and
after the session. Theseoccasionsreally boost my energylevels as well as take my mind off
everyday problems.
b) Unfortunately I don’t really do anything physical. After a hard day at work/schoolI simply
can't get downto anykindofexercise. I know it’s bad and thatit shouldn’t be that way
becauseit’s unhealthy, still somehow I never manageto doit. PerhapsI’m toolazy or as I
feel healthy I don’t worry enough about the consequencesasyet.

© Whyisit important to keepfit?

Society’s attitude towards health andfitness has changed over the past few years and we
are all much more aware ofthe needto be positive than ever before about our health and
recognize the importanceof physical fitness. Remaining physically fit is important for the
following reasons: maintaining a goodlevel of physicalfitness will give you a feeling of
better health through increased energyandvitality, making youfeel better about yourself
and aboutyourlife. Being fit makes the activities in yourlife easier to manage; it keeps
your body in shape and keeps you looking good, which in turn provides “the feel-good
 17. SPORTS

factor” making you work moreefficiently andeffectively. Keepingfit can help improve your
quality oflife and help maintain a good standardof health, preventing or delaying hear
related diseases. Furthermore, keeping physically fit through exercise helps reducestress
and control your weight and body shape. Team sports such asfootball or rugby can even
improve yoursociallife.

§3 Whatkind of equipment do you haveat homefor doingexercise?

a) I’ve got a few thingsbut, of course,I don’t owna private gym. Myfavourites are my skipping
rope that can be used in variousdifferent ways, I keep a pair of handweights called dumb-
bells under my bedandI also have a fitness bike that the whole family can use. I would
really like to have a machine to help me with my abdominal exercises but for the time
being I cannot afford one,I’m afraid.
b) I don’t really have anything as I don’t suppose you need anything other than comfortable
clothes to exercise. Whichever part of your body you wish to strengthen, you can do
it without any machines or other equipment. You only need to carry out the exercise
appropriately and you don’t need to wait long to see results, whether or not you use any
equipment.

Whatsports facilities are there in your school/workplace?

a) At my school we have a well-equipped gym as well as a smaller fitness room with
machines at our disposal and an outdoorfootball field with runningtracks aroundit.
As far as I know,our schoolis unique in having anartificial skislope where pupils can
learn the very basics of skiing and an outdoorchess board. It would be nice to have an
indoor swimming-pool like some other schools, but I’m afraid that would be too much
to ask for.
b) Unfortunately my workplaceis a place thatis definedby its name: work. We have absolutely
no facilities at all to do any sports activities there. The only good thingis that halfway
homethere is a gym where we canobtain a seasonticket at a reducedprice.

6) How manyPElessons do you have a week? Doyoufind that enough?

a) Wehave three PE lessons a week butI don’t think that’s enough.Ideally we should have one
lesson every day, which would meanfive lessons per week. 45 minutes is not much butatleast
everybodyin the class would have the opportunity to movea bit.
b) The three lessons we have are more than enough,I guess. Anyway, if you like sports, you
also do them in yourfree time andpractice sessions usually take longer than 45 minutes.
There is nothing more annoying than having to get changedin ten minutes in the middle
of the schoolday andgoto the nextlessontired, sweaty and smelly as there is no time to
take a decent shower.

240
&3 What do you doin the PE lessons?
Every lesson begins with warm-up exercises, which a Ay
are usually jogging and some gymnastics focusing on Hr (33
stretching. Then we either start playing ballgames or NV iid
do some jumpsor throwballs for grades or run certain \é f '¢ »| AN ” PS
distances. In winter we most often havethelessons in
the gym while from springtill early autumn — weather
permitting — we usually go outdoors to have a bit of
mG|

me J
Val|wal
yaw
a

fresh air.

Whatcategories can sports be divided into?

Sports can be divided into various categories, but
very often there are overlaps between them,thatis a
particular sport can be placed in two or moredifferent categories. These categories can be
set up according to how manypeople do a sport together, or depending on the medium,
typical season andplaceofthe sport, the special equipmentit requires or whetherit involves
animals, just to mention a few aspects.

EE} Give some examples in each category.

Individual sports include gymnastics, shooting and skiing, while team sports are generally
all the ballgames such asfootball, basketball, volleyball, waterpolo andice hockey. Winter
sports are, for example, skating, sledging, cross-country skiing and curling, water sports
or aquatics involve all kinds of swimming,diving, boating, surfing and sailing as well as
jetskiing. Hanggliding, paragliding and parachuting are examples of avian sports, thatis,
those donein the air. Combatsportsis the umbrella term for martial arts such as judo, karate,
jiu-jitsu, kickboxing and kung-fu as well as wrestling. Extremesports are exemplified by
bungee jumping, white-waterrafting, rock andice climbing, base jumpingandfree running.
There are mental sports as well, such as chess and different card games, while equestrian
sports are the ones done with horseslike harness racing and show-jumping as well as the
pentathlon. A relatively new category is dance sports including ballroom dances, formation
dances,hip-hop,aerobics and acrobatic rock-and-roll.

EE} What do you know about the Summer Olympic Games?

The Summer Olympic Games or the Games of the Olympiad are an international multi-
sport event, occurring everyfour years, organized by the International Olympic Committee.
Medals are awarded in each event, with gold medals for thefirst place,silver for the second
and bronze for the third, a tradition that started in 1904. The Winter Olympics were also
created due to the success of the Summer Olympics.
 17. SPORTS

—O} When werethe first Winter Olympics held and what events are included
now?
The Winter Olympic Gamesare a winter multi-sport event held every four years. They
feature winter sports held on snow orice, such as alpine skiing, cross-country skiing,
figure-skating, and ice-hockey. These sports along with Nordic walking combined, ski-
jumping, and speed-skating have been included in every Winter Olympics since 1924.
Other games have been added as the Games have progressed, and some of them, such
as short-track speed-skating, and freestyle skiing have earned a permanent spot on the
Olympic programme. Others, like speed-skiing, and bandy were demonstration sports
but never incorporated officially as an Olympic sport. Fewer countries participate in the
Winter Olympics as compared to the Summer Olympics. The first Winter Olympics were
held in Chamonix,Francein 1924.

Whatare the Paralympics?

The Paralympic Gamesare a major international multi-sport eventfor athletes with physical
and visual disabilities. This includes athletes with mobility disabilities, amputations,
blindness, and cerebral palsy. The Paralympic Gamesareheld every fouryears,following the
Olympic Games, and are governed bythe International Paralympic Committee (IPC). The
Paralympic Gamesare sometimes confused with the Special Olympics World Games, which
are only for people with intellectual disabilities.

What's the difference between amateur and professional sport?

In the modern age,this is a messy question because “amateurs” in the Olympics get room and
board and coachessupplied to them andthe basketball team is madeupofprofessionals who
play full time for pay. Many othersports have sponsorships and appearance payments where
people get moneyfor participating but are not rewarded for winning. The word “amateur”has
as its root the latin word for “love” so an amateurplaysfor the love of the game.If there are
anyprizes involved,they are usually plated trophies, not chunks of gold. Most amateurs have
a job that earns them living. A professional should be able to makea living doing the sport
with incomefrom prizes and sponsorships which are openly displayed.

What are the most popular amateur sports with your friends and acquaint-
ances?
A lot of friends of mine, both boys and girls, are seriously involved in basketball. It is a
very popular ballgame with youngsters, probably due to some American influence, where
basketball is a game with world-famous names.AsI seeit it is cool to do this kindof sport.
Someother people I know play waterpolo and there are also somevolleyball players among
my classmates.
 17. SPORTS

Whatsports are Hungariansespecially good at?

Hungary can be proud of somereally excellent and world-

famousathletes, despite the fact that we are a small country.
Great namescanbe foundin the national waterpolo team,
but we are also good at swimming, pentathlon,
wrestling, table-tennis, handball, harness horse
racing andlastbut not least chess. However, we also
have our weakpoints suchas football, athletics and
volleyball, where thereis still a lot to do to enhance
our reputation.

Whatare thetraditional British and American sports?

Sportis a popular pastime andpeople seem to enjoy nothing better than running arounda field
chasinga ball. There are hundredsofdifferentactivities,all carried out in the nameofsport,
but there are two sports in particular thatare traditional in England. They are football and
cricket. These sports have been played for hundredsofyears and are very popular, especially
with men. Unlike American football and basketball, (the other two major American team
sports), baseball is not governedby the clock and it amazes many foreigners thatit is the
“national sport” in the fast-paced United States. A very popular team sport, also in Latin
America, the Caribbean and EastAsiaas well as in North America, baseball is a bat-and-ball
game in which pitcher throwsa fist-sized hard ball past the hitting area of a batter who
belongs to the other team. Thenthebattertries to hit the ball with a smooth,cylindrical bat
madeof woodor metal.

Whatis doping?
Dopingis the use of drugs to improveathletic performance. Indeed, due to their scope and
sophistication, doping practices are a threat to more thanjust the world of sport. Though
first considered to be no morethan a cheating problem,the doping issue has reached such
proportionsthat it now concernssociety as a whole. Asthe stakesinvolvedin sport grow higher
and the phenomenon more widespread, the moral values attached to sportare increasingly
called into question and the health ofathletesis increasingly at risk. Unfortunatelyasit is far
from being limited to the world of high-ranking athletes, doping has become an important
public health issue.

Whatsports are usually referred to as extreme sports?

This can be difficult term to define and many ofthe outdoor sports activities certainly
have an extreme element to them.A relatively good definition for “true” extreme sports can
be the following: they are leisure or recreation activities where the mostlikely outcomeof a
mismanaged accident or mistakeis death.

eX
 17. SPORTS

Whydo you think certain people enjoy doing extreme sports?

There are many different things that make people stimulated to do extreme sports, both
mentally and physically. According to research,it takes a certain kind of person to do extreme
sports. People pick up extreme sports whentheyget tired of the usual, un-dangerousthings
that they do a lot. The danger has become a new thing to conquer. People who do extreme
sports find the risk of being injured very exciting. They get rid of any bad thoughts they
have in their mind, researchers say. The chemicals released in the body during the sports
activity make you feel good. Unfortunately there is addiction that goes with extremesports.
Butit’s an addiction to adrenaline, notto the sport. It has been shownthat “addicts” can show
symptomsof withdrawalif they don’t get the rush.

ES) Whatare the advantagesof team sports?

Today’s generation ofchildrenis fighting the worst obesity epidemic in history which makes
it reasonable enoughto considerenrolling them in team sports. But besides burningcalories,
team sports have other benefits to kids - social, emotional, and physical ones. Any parent
knowsthat a child can be extremely egocentric. But that “my way or the highway”attitude
will have to stay in check on a team sport. Whena kid sees that everyonegetsto play, they
hopefully start to think about the group as a whole, andnotjust themselves. Evenbetter, they
learn to be happy for another player’s success because they see howit benefits the greater
team. Secondly, a dedicated, thoughtful, and skilled coach can have an amazingly positive
impact on children. In fact, sometimes children will respond better to an objective coach
than they will to their own parents. Last but not least many team sports are done outdoors
whichis an additional health benefit.

Do you support a team?

a) Yes, I do, I’m a devoted fan of the
English Football team called Arsenal.
On TV I always watch the Barclay
Premier League at the weekend,
during the week I try to see the UEFA
Champions’ League. While having
breakfast I usually catch up with the
news on Eurosport and if I can’t see a match thenat least I watch the highlights. For me
the internet is also a good source of information about my favourite team as well as the
newspapersI regularly read. If they win I feel over the moon and wegenerally talk about
the match in detail with myfriends the dayafter.
b) Notat all, though I like sports. However, I’m moreinterested in individual sports such as
figure skating and gymnastics, where individual achievements are measured. Furthermore,
I don’t really have a favourite athlete, I just watch these sports for the beauty in them.

ya
 ee Se

hasizom-erédsito
abdominal exercises eeb'dominl ‘eksesaiziz
gyakorlatok
acquaintance a'kweintens ismerds (személy)
amazingly e'meizinit hihetetlenul
appropriately e'preopriatli megfelel6 mddon
aquatics a'kweetiks vizi sportok
at one’s disposal get 'Wanz dis'peuzl vki rendelkezéséreall
ballroom dances ‘bo:lrom ‘da:nsiz versenytanc(ok)
base jumping ‘beis dZampin bazisugras
batter ‘beste utdjatékos
be disgusted by sth ‘bi: ‘dis'gastid bai elborzasztja vmi
be displayed ‘bi: di'spleid fel van tuntetve
be exemplified by sth ‘bi: ig'zemplifaid bai példa vmire
be governedbythe clock ‘bi: 'gavend bai de ‘klok idére megy
‘bi: ‘heepi fo: 'sambodiz
be happyfor sb’s success orul a mas sikerének
sek'ses
board bo:d ellatas
megsokszoroz, felporget,
boost burst
felturbdéz
értesul arrol, amirdl
catch up with ‘keetf Ap wid
lemaradt
cerebral palsy ‘seribral 'po:lzi agyverzes
chunk tfank nagy darab
combatsports ‘kombeet sports kuzddsportok
committee ke'mit bizottsag
concern ken'sein érint
conquer ‘konke legyd6z
cool kuil meno, szuper
cross-country skiing ‘kros,kantri Skin sifutas
cylindrical silindrikal henger alaku
decent ‘di:snt normialis, tisztesseges
dedicated ‘dedikeitid eltokeélt
demonstration sport demen'streifn spo:t bemutat6 sport
do without sth ‘du: wid'aot megvan vmi nélkul
doping ‘daopin doppingolas
dumb-bells ‘dambelz kézi sulyzo
earn a permanentspot ‘a:n 8 ‘pe:minent spot allando helyet érdemelki
egocentric i:geu'sentrik onzé, énkdozpontu
epidemic epi'demik jarvany

245
 17. SPORTS

equestrian sports 'kwestrioen sports lovassportok

fast-paced ‘fa:stpeist gyors tempoju
feature ‘firtfa szerepeltet
feel over the moon majd kibujik a bérébdl
‘fil 'e0ve 68 mu:n
(oromében)
fist-sized ‘fistsaizd okolnyi
fitness bike 'fitnes bak szobabicikli
freestyle skiing ‘frizstall ‘skin siakrobatika
get down to sth get ‘daon tu nekifog, nekilat vminek
get the rush ‘get de raf megkapja a ,loketet”
hanggliding ‘heenglaidin sarkanyrepulés
harness racing ‘haznis ‘reisin fogathajtas
intellectual disability inte‘lektfoel disa'biliti csokkentszellemi képesség
martial art ‘mazfl axt harcmuvészet
medium ‘midiem kozeg
messy ‘mes! zavaros
mismanaged mis'maenid3d szerencsétlen kimenetelu
mobility disability meabiliti dise'biliti mozgasszervi karosodas
“my wayor the highway” ‘Mal wel 9: 6a ‘haiwel »mindenkile a jardarol"
attitude ‘eetitjuid hozzaallas
Nordic walking ‘nozdik 'wozkin eszaki gyaloglas, sijaras
obesity eobisit tulsulyossag, elhizottsag
obtain ab'tein beszerez, kap
occur a'kax itt: megtorténik
on the decrease ‘on 6e dikrizs romlik
outcome ‘aotkam kimenetele vminek
paragliding ‘peereglaidin sikloernyézés
physical and visual
‘fizikl gen ‘vizoel dise'biliti testi és latasbeli karosodas
disability
pick up extreme sports ‘pik Ap Ik’strizm spo:ts extrém sportokba kezd
pitcher ‘pitfa dobojatékos (baseballban)
public health campaign kozegészség-megérz6
‘pAblik hel8 keem'pein
megmozdulas
pursue sports pe'sju: sports rendszeren sportol
recreation rekri'eifn feludulés
respond rispond reagal
running tracks TAnIN ,treeks futdopalya
scope kor (tevékenységé,
skoup
mukodésé)
short-track speed-skating ‘foxt,treek ‘spiidskeitin rovidpalyas gyorskorcsolya
show-jumping ‘Jeodzampin dijugratas

246
 17. SPORTS

skipping rope ‘skipin ,raop ugrokoteél

skislope ‘skitslaop sidomb
smooth smu:6 simafelulett
solely ‘S9Uli _kizardlag, csak
sophistication sofisti'keifn kifinomultsag
stake steik kockazat
standard of health ‘steended ov jhelO egészségi allapot
stay in check ‘stei in ,tfek kontroll alatt marad
stretching ‘stretfin nyujtas (gyakorlat)
supervision suzpe'vign felugyelet
support a team se'po:t 8 tim szurkol egy csapatnak
sweaty ‘sweti izzadt
eltereli a gondolatait
take one’s mindoff sth ‘telk wanz ,maind of
vmirdl
a fénypontjai (egy
the highlights 69 ‘hailaits
sporteseménynek)
to be honest to bi: ‘onist Oszintén szdlva
trophy ‘trofi dij (sportban)
undesirable Andi‘zalerebl nemkivanatos
vitality vai'teeliti életeré,vitalitas
waterpolo ‘wo:tepeuleo vizilabda
weatherpermitting ‘wede pemitin iddjaras fuggvéenyében
white-waterrafting ‘waitwo:te‘razftin vadvizi evezés
workoutsession ‘we:kaot sefn edzés
wrestling 'restlin birkdzas

6 Reading Comprehension
In this section you are going to read aboutalternative fitness routines.Yourtask—
is to fill in the gaps (1-9) in the sentences following the article' ith|one word |
only. Thefirst question (0) has been done for you as an example. _- —. ,

Keeping in Shape with Housework

Mostof us tend to run in the opposite direction when we hear the word “exercise.” How many
times have you paid for a gym membership and only ever went a couple of times? You are not the
only one; mostofus are guilty of doing somethinglike that at some timeor the other. There could
be several reasonsforthat.
Perhaps you enjoy exercising but do not havethe time to makeit to the gym.Itis also a possibility
that youlove beingfit but hate the effort it takes to exercise. The simplefactis, it is not essential to

ya
 17. SPORTS

hit the gym to get in shape. All you haveto do is keep your house spick-and-span.
Surprised? Why does moderncivilization leave the simple things in life and
run after something that takes extra effort? Our ancestors
were notlike us.
Housework, the most neglected form of exercise, is one of
the best ways to keep in shape. Instead of watching TV
sitting on the couch wheneveryoufind little time, if you
get up and move arounda little bit, it helps a great deal.
You don’t have to exert yourself or break into a sweat, all
you needto do is take care of your home. This is the best
way ofburning somecalories without having to go through
any formal exercise routine. What is the work that you
can do around the hometo keep you in shape?
There are several things you can do! Washing dishes,
dusting, washing your car and vacuuming are just someofthe things that can be done. You
must rememberthat all these choresare sedentary andit is advisable to do some deep cleaning as
well to enjoy the benefits of a perfect exercise routine. The reason being, when we deep clean, we
lift heavy boxes, bendor stoop to reach areas that are not usually touched.
Doing housework regularly helps burn calories as well as giving you time to relax at home.
Imagine the comfortof keeping fit and healthy and having a clean and sparkling house.A clutter-
free house helps you de-stress as well. This is how keeping a clean homefor you and your family
can keep youin perfect shape.
(www.fitnessandhealthstore.com/Housework-Fitness.php)

gs Alotofpeopleseemto _rateAlntikeletest_ the idea of exercising.

It very often happens that you buy a gym but don’t makefull use
8 BSHG88s8 i

ofit.
People skip fitness routinesfordifferent
The good newsis that you don’t need to leave

Doing houseworkshould also be considered a form of

It is a good way to get ridof _
There is a wide _ _ of householdactivities that keep youfit.
It’s important to choose an activity when you can’t _ __while doing
it.
Houseworknot only keeps you in shape butit also helps you to cope with
 }\ Listening Comprehension _
You are going to hear facts about people's motivation to do extremesports. Your
task will be to match the sentencehalves. First, you will have some time to study
the task, then you will hear the recording. Then, after a short pause,listen to the
recording again. At the end, you will have some time to check your answers.
There is an example(0) that has been donefor you. ©

WhyDo People Do Extreme Sports?

Different people explain their motivation
ARRERGBS BOSSSee

While doing these high-risk sports

Extremesports
Manyparticipantsdo these sports
Most extremesports have been
People always try to
Noteveryoneis

have a long history proving man’s incredibleability.

well-known for manyyears.
attracted to danger.
in-various-waysbutthere'sstrallyone thingincommon:
not for the prizes or to become famous.
be better andfitter by instinct.
the body produces chemical substances that causepleasure.
 18. TRAVELLING

18. Travelling

Do not go wherethe path maylead,

go instead wherethere is no path
and leavea trail.
(Ralph Waldo Emerson)

All the phrases below are in connection with travelling. Put the words inthe |
column with which weassociate the phrasethe most. There are= phrases iat it
morethan oneplace, though. _ : _ Vy

arrival and departure lounge,ticket controller, left-luggage office,fasten the seatbelt,

ignition key, traffic jam, meansoftransport, headlights, overtake, seasonticket, sleeping
car, goodstrain, handbrake, boardingpass/card, platform,aisle/window seat, change
gear, get on/getoff, take off/ land, windscreen wiper, pay a fine, hand luggage, runway,
excess baggage charge,fare, accelerate

: : : = Using public

250
 18. TRAVELLING

re,
BN S8SBERESENRBRRBSRSRSRS §

—- Questions
@

Whyis transportation a key issue nowadays?

Whatdo we meanbysustainable transport?
Whatis public transport like in your town?
How would you improvepublic transport in your hometown?
Which meansof transport are environmentally-friendly? Why?
What can be the advantages and disadvantagesoftravelling by coach?
Comparetravelling by train to travelling byair.
Whyis flying so popular nowadays?
Is flying the most dangerous way oftravelling?
How do you kill time on a long journey?
pay

Are you an adventuroustraveller?

Howcantravel broaden one’s mind?
ay

Whatarethe new trendsin tourism?

Whattypesof holidays do you know? Which do you prefer and why?
What makesa place attractive to tourists?
(ey

Whatare the pros and consof different types of accommodation?

pay

What can go wrong on holiday?

Have you ever hada disastrous holiday? What happened? Whatdid you do afterwards?
=

Whatare the advantages and disadvantages of a camping holiday?

Where would youridealholiday destination be? Why?
rx) “When in Romedoas the Romansdo.” Howfar do you agree?

Answers ae)

Whyis transportation a key issue nowadays?

In the modern world almost everybody and everything is on the move. People travel daily and
wanta system thatgets them from toB safely, securely and without damaging the environment.
Besides personal mobility, transport involvesthetransit of goods andservices, so a wide-ranging
system (roads, public transport, freight and delivery systems) should be operated and maintained
to fulfil these demands. The majorproblem arises from the fact that there is a continuous growth
in traffic, the solution of which requires a well-planned, carefully-designed transportpolicy.

©) What do we meanbysustainable transport?

Sustainable transport is rather about accessibility and mobility than transportation. It
concerns systems, policies and technologies, whose aim is to transit goods and people

251
 18. TRAVELLING

efficiently without destroying the environment. The focus is on moving goods and people not
vehicles, so the improvementofpublic transportis a key question. However, the healthiest and
most sustainable modesof transport are walking and cycling. Sustainable transport policy
involvesthe design of vehicle-free cities, pedestrian and bicycle friendly neighbourhoods and
a highly developed public transport system.

(3 Whatis public transportlike in your town?

a) Ourpublic transport is quite good. We have many
meansof transport as we can travel by bus, tram
and trolley-bus. These vehicles go along special
routes and basically you can get everywherein the
town.It’s true that the vehicles comeonly at certain
times, which is every 20-30 minutes during the
day. However, during the rush hours they come
more often. Our town council pays particular
attention to the development of the quality of
public transport. The whole vehicle fleet has been
replaced recently, and our buses are new,clean,
air-conditioned and environmentally-friendly.
A new ticket system has been introduced, and
daily, weekly and monthlytickets are available.
b) The public transport in my townis very bad, the passengers complain all the time. There
are few routes, the vehicles are run-down,and the seats are damaged. What’s more, the
buses neverarrive on time, andif you miss one you have a long waitfor the next to come.
Wespenda lotof time standing at the busstops, andiffinally a bus comesit is so crowded
that you can hardly cram yourselfin.

(3 How would you improve public transport in your hometown?

a) I'd buy newbusesthat run on gas. They are cheaper and environmentally-friendly. It would
be even better if we had trams andtrolley-buses which do notpollute the air as they use
electricity. It’s true that trams need rails and overhead wires whichcosta lot to construct
but in the long run they are moreprofitable and sustainable. I also would ban cars from
the centre, and would build ring roads aroundit. In this case free parking lots would have
to bebuilt.
b) As I live in the suburbs I would introduce a P&R policy, which meanspark andride.
Commuters would be forced by road charges and taxesto leave their cars on the edge of
the city in a huge andsafe parkinglot, and shuttle buses or commuter trains would take
them to the centre, office area or industrial park. In addition, I would create a cycling
route downtown following the Dutch model. People who are active and wantto live a
healthierlife could hire bikes without any charge andgetto their destinationssafely riding
on bicycle roads/cycle paths.

Phoya
 18. TRAVELLING

& Which meansof transport are environmentally-friendly? Why?

All the vehicles that have electrical or gas powered sources are environmentally-friendly.
| Fortunately, nowadays unleadedpetrolis sold at thefilling (petrol) stations. In addition, old
cars must havebuilt-in catalytic convertersin orderto causeless pollution.It is a certainty that
with the advance ofscience and technology and dueto the rapidly decreasing available amount
| ofoil, internal combustion engines are on a course towardsextinction. There is hopefor a better
| futureaselectric, hybrid and hydrogenfuel-cell powered vehicles have already been made, and
they are beingtested. Asforrails, there are high-speed trains, TGV or Maglev trains operating
in several countries. They are both fast and environmentally-friendly. Aerial transport has the
least chance for developing aircraft that would decrease air and noise pollution. Its downfall
started with thelast flight of Concord, the super-sonic passengeraircraft, which wasthe peak
of engineering and a marvellous achievement. After a disastrous accident on 25th July 2000,
| instead of developingit further, authorities decidedto retire the completefleet.

| & Whatcan be the advantages and disadvantagesoftravelling by coach?

|
| In Hungarythere are destinations(smallvillages) that you can only reach by coach. Oneofthe
| advantages ofintercity coachesis that they are quite fast, although, unliketrains, their speed
dependsheavily ontraffic. Another goodpoint about them is that they are not too expensive,
and there are coachtravel concessions/reductions offered to students, young people, older
citizens or groups. Travelling by busis safe, and if a vehicle breaks downthere is a 24-hour
emergency back-up. Coachtrips are very popular. Schools often hire coachesfor their class
trips, as it functions like a huge car. You are transported from doorto door, the journey is
comfortable, and you do not haveto carry yourluggage. Travel agencies operate coaches which
take tourists almost everywherein Europe. On such tourslongdistances are covered, and people
can experience how uncomfortable a coach is concerningsleeping facilities. This is one of the
greatest disadvantagesof coach travel. Althoughtheseats are reclining and with an air cushion
underyour head and a warm blanketon your body you mayhave a goodnight's sleep, you are
mostlikely to havestiff and numblegs andpain in yourneck andback the next morning.

Comparetravelling by train to travellingby air.

Travelling by planeis faster but more expensive thantravelling by train. A journey by plane
taking everything into consideration (getting to and from the airport, checking-in, passport
control, baggage reclaim) canlast longer than a train journey asairports are on the edge of
cities, while big railway stations can be foundin city centres. On a train you can stand up,
move and even walk during the whole journey, whereas on a plane you can hardly move
because oflack of space. Somepeople mayfeel sick or even vomit during take-off and landing;
however I have never heard of anyone having health problems on a train. The views you
can see from the windowsarealso different. If the weather is nice and sunny you can see
a wonderfulbird’s-eye view from theplane. Flying over the cloudsis very exciting, but not
too spectacular. In contrast, on a train you can continuously enjoy the views of unguarded
backyards, endless cornfields and rowsoftrees.

253
 18. TRAVELLING

3 Whyisflying so popular nowadays?

Flyingis the fastest meansof transport, therefore the majority of business trips are executed
by air. In the era of globalization and multinational companies the Earth has become a “global
village”, and technological advances have madeit possible to get from onepoint of the world
to the other within a few hours. There is a craze for travelling to exotic countries, visiting
remote places; these destinations can only be reachedbyair. With the appearance of budget
airlines, last-minute or late deals and holiday bargains people can fulfil their desire to explore
the world,or visit their relatives by air.

2) Is flying the most dangerouswayoftravelling?

No, onthecontrary.Statistically, flying is one of the safest ways to travel. Fewer people have
died in plane accidents overthelast 60 years than are killed in car crashesin a typical 3-month
period. The media have a great role in making people believe the opposite. Air disasters, such
as air crashes andairaccidents are hot newsto the media, but travelling by car is 21 times
more dangerousthanflying.

Howdo youkill time on a long journey?

a) I always buy some magazines and take a novel of a small size that fits into my pocket
or handbag. I spend my timereading, but I like looking at the continuously-changing
landscape.I also like chatting, and there is always a passenger to whom cantalk ifI feel
like exchanging myviewsonlife.
b) Wealwaystravel on holiday by coach. Holiday coaches are equipped with a DVDplayer,
so we can watcha film.Ifit’s not so interesting there is my iPodorcell phone at hand and
I can listen to music.
c) I often travel on business and during my journeyI use mylaptop, check my documents and
notes, so I prepare for the meeting ahead. I envy young people whokill their time watching
films on their notebooks.

Are you an adventuroustraveller?

a) I think I am.Travelling alwaysinvolvesloads of excitement, andI travel to get away from
mydaily routine.It’s a great way to find myself and discover a whole new world. I wantto
explore new regions, meet new people and experience something unusual. I do not plan
my journeyverycarefully, I just let things happen to me.I’m thrilled by spontaneity and
on-the-spot decisions.
b) No, I am not. I always plan myjourneys, arrange everything well in advance, make a
detaileditinerary. I prefer familiar places, and often go back to a townorresort of which
I have pleasant memories.

xoLt
 18. TRAVELLING

Howcantravel broaden one’s mind?

It broadens your experiences, awareness and understanding.It not only teaches you about
other people, cultures and waysoflife, but teaches you about yourself and helps to expand
your narrow world perspective. Travel gives you an appreciation for what you have and what
others might need. AndI thinkit really helps youto visualize history and art and nature. You
become more open-minded and you'll accept differences between people moreeasily.

Whatare the new trendsin tourism?

People in developed countries have high levels of disposable income, considerable leisure
time, are well educated, and have sophisticated tastes, therefore they demandbetter quality
service, and want morespecialised programmes, quieterresorts, family-oriented holidays.
The development in technology andtransport infrastructure, such as jumbojets, low-cost
airlines and moreaccessible airports have made manytypes of tourism moreaffordable.
Nowadays, the sale of tourism productsis facilitated by the Internet. Some sites have now
started to offer dynamic packaging, in which an inclusiveprice is quoted for a tailor-made
package requested by the customer.
‘There is a very strange new trend in the tourism industry which can be determined by
environmentaldisaster. People visit certain places because they are convinced that they will
change and wantto see these places as they are now.Thereis increasedinterest in “attractions”
suchaspolar bears or endangeredtropicalforests.

Whattypesof holidays do you know? Which do youprefer and why?

a) There are manytypesofholidays: adventure travel,
beach holiday, camping, climbingholiday, cultural
trips, cruises, cycling holiday, diving, family eae
holiday, green travel, safaris, spa breaks, walking
holiday, sailing, weekend breaks, water and winter
sports holidays, city breaks and manyothers.
b) I prefer city breaks. They are three or four-daytrips
during which visit famouscities, see the sights,
taste local food, and have a rest at a good hotel.
I fly by low-cost no-frills airlines, which also offer
discount accommodation and even somecultural
programmes.
c) Weusedto spend ourholidays on sunnybeaches,
but recently we have found great pleasure in
activity holidays. Two years ago we went trekking
in Transylvania. Each day we walked several kilometres, stayed at a nice guesthouse for
the night and enjoyed the wonderful scenery of the mountains. Last year we cycled round
Balaton.It was great fun, and all my family (my husband andthe kids) enjoyedit.

a
 18. TRAVELLING

What makesa placeattractive to tourists?

a) A place should be authentic, as the search for authenticity is a dominanttrend driving
tourism, because travellers are looking for unique experiences. Whenpeople travel, they
seek something outside their daily lives, something innovative and different, an escape.
They want to experience a new thing and enjoy the sensation of being where things are
real andoriginal.
b) If a place has beautiful sceneryor a historical atmosphere not found anywhere else in the
world, moreoverthe culture aroundthat place is unique, and thelocal peopleare friendly
and hospitable it will attract tourists. It’s an advantage if it has a pleasant, warm climate,
good accommodation,delicious food, and nice gifts to take back home.

Whatare the pros and consofdifferent types of accommodation?

A guesthouseoffers a wide rangeofservices, and usually caters for all meals. The atmosphere
is nice,it’s not crowded and theprice is very reasonable. A hotel is generally the largest of
all accommodation types. Hotel roomshaveall the modern conveniences, and a wide range
of guest services is available: a restaurant, bar and many otherfacilities for having a rest
or entertaining yourself. There are a variety of different hotels, from simple to luxurious.
Everybody can choosea hotel that suits their wallet. Self-catering accommodation can be a
house, cottage or apartmentwith self-catering facilities. There is a fully equipped kitchen,
which provides the freedom to eat out or cook for yourself, but you mayfind catering tiring
and similarto your every day duties. A hostel is very cheap, but as you have to share the rooms
you have no privacy and must keep an eye on your valuables. Campus (college/university)
accommodationis another goodvalue alternative, available primarily during holiday periods
(in the summer, at Easter or Christmas). It’s not always modern and well-maintained, and
there are fewerfacilities than in a hotel, but it is much cheaper and moreaffordable for many
families than any other type.

Whatcan go wrong on holiday?

Thereis a lot that can happen to you on your holiday. From minordifficulties (a puncture,
bad weather, lost passport) to major disasters (the bankruptcy of a travel company, an
accidentresulting in injury)a lot of things can occur. Yourflight may be cancelled; you may
get your luggagelost, or the worst you couldbe strandedat an airport because ofa strike ora
collapsed travel agency.If you are abroad you are an obvioustarget for thieves and robbersif
youare carrying cash, iPods and cameras. In some remote countries different food, climate
and sanitation may cause problems,and you couldfall ill. Weather cantotally ruin a holiday
with rain, gales or hail. However,tales of woe shouldn’t put you off travelling far and wide,
and enjoyingall the activities once you get there. The only thing is that you should have
travel insurance which covers everything. Once you haveit secured, try and forget about
the potential dangers and enjoy your break. Afterall, holidays are really meantto be about
having fun.

256
 18. TRAVELLING

| Have you ever had a disastrous holiday? What happened? What did you do
afterwards?
| Ourfirst and last package tour in Greece was a real nightmare. To start with, we were stuck
| in the airport for 5 hours waiting for the charter planeto arrive. The hotel looked totally
different from thepictures in the brochure. It was old and dirty, our room overlooked a car
park, and there wasa disco next door. The staff didn’t speak any foreign languages. To make
matters worse, the excursions we booked in advance at home were cancelled, and we didn’t
see any historic sites. We spent our daysin the room,as it was scorching hot and we couldn't
afford to hire sun beds and umbrellas each day. Back at homeit took me 3 monthsandseveral
letters of complaint to get back half of the price. Although we were given a 30% discount
bonusfor our next tour we have never madeuse ofthisoffer.

Whatare the advantagesand disadvantages of a campingholiday?

It has got several advantages.Firstofall, you are in nature, underthestars, and you get away
from civilization and the rat race of over-crowdedcities. Moreover, you enjoy tremendous
mobility and absolute freedom.If you don’t like a place you can get up and go to another,
or you canstay there as long as you wish. You areactive all the time as you do everything
yourself. You erect your tent, makea fire, cook your own food, and wash up yourdishes. In
addition, there are campsites everywhere, which offer all kindsoffacilities at a reasonable
price. Campingis one of the cheapest formsofholiday.
However, it has some disadvantages. You depend heavily on the weather,so before setting
off the weatherforecast should be checkedcarefully. The first camping holidayis fairly pricy,
because you need durable, waterproof, good quality outdoorgear. As you spendall your time
in the openair, some bugs and mainly mosquitoescan be veryirritating.
All in all, I think that the benefits outweigh the drawbacks, so if you want to build strong
family bonds and enjoy the beauty of nature in a quiet environment campingis for you.

22} Where would yourideal holiday destination be? Why?

a) Somewherein the mountains. AlthoughI can’t ski or snowboard,I'd like to spend a week
at a ski resort, as I have never been on holiday in winter. I would sledge,or just walk in
| the snow-covered valleys admiring the snow-capped peaks. Forests must be beautiful on
a sunny winter day.
| b) Somewhere in the Far East. I'd like to visit Angkor, Dragon Bay in Vietnam,the Great Wall
of China. I’m fond of exotic places, and spenda lot of time watching the Travel Channel
and National Geographic. It would be amazingto see oriental culture and Asian people’s
wayoflife with my owneyes.It definitely would be the holiday ofa lifetime.

257
 18. TRAVELLING

“Whenin Romedo as the Romansdo.” How far do you agree?

a) This proverb meansthat whenyouarevisiting a different place or culture, you should try
to follow their customs and behaveas others aroundyou.Ifyoutravel to a foreign country,
or different cultureit’s wise to try to fit in, becausethis will make the local people feel more
comfortable with you around, and youalsowill feel closer to their culture. Moreover,it
could befun. If you “do as the Romansdo”, you will do a lot of things that you wouldn't
normally do. Who knows? Maybeyouwill discover some newtalents in you. Therefore,I
think this is a very goodpiece of advice to tourists andvisitors.
b) In myopinionthis philosophy is impossible (and unreasonable) to practice when oneeither
lives in a foreign country and/orin an intercultural relationship. It may be easy for you
to follow the philosophy when you know youare going back home,butI am certain that
if you lived in a foreign country permanently, you would notbe content without having
someof your familiar “native” ways and customs. Sometimespeople refuse to follow the
“Whenin Rome”philosophy becauseofethical, personal, or health reasons.

Se elérhetéség,
accessibility aksese biliti mmegkozcitietoseg

adventuroustraveller ed'ventferes ‘traevele eee halalCUieetese

adverse effect / impact ‘eedvais I'fekt / ‘impeekt ellenkez6 hatas
affordable afo:dabel qvaulley TeenatetS
megfizethetd
appreciation aprifreifen értékelés, elismerés
attractive e'treektiv vonzo
suthientic Genk autentikus, hiteles, hitelt
erdeml6
. rendelkezésre allo
available amount eveilabal e'maont sd
mennyiség
awareness e'wesnis tudatossag

258
 18. TRAVELLING

back-up 'beek ‘ap segitség

ban been betilt, kitilt, megtilt
bankruptcy ‘beenkraptsi csod
be stranded at ‘br: ‘straendid et vesztegel valahol, ott ragad
behave bi'heiv viselkedik
bird's-eye view ‘be:dz ‘al 'vju: madartavlat
blessing ‘blesin aldas
book in advance ‘bok In ed'vains elére megvesz, lefoglal
break down ‘breik 'daon lerobban (jarmu)
— olcsd, fapados
budgetairline ‘badzit ‘eolain
repulotarsasag
tordl (repuldjaratot),
cancel ‘keensoal
lemond
Car sharing/Carpooling
‘kaz ‘feorin / ‘ka:puzlin 'skizm autOmegosztas
scheme
catalytic converter ke'telitik kan'vexte katalizator
catering ‘keitorin ellatas
collapse ke'laeps osszeomlik
commercialise ke'ma:felaiz uzletesit
commute ke'mju:t ingazik
complain kem'plein panaszkodik
kedvezmeény,
concession/reduction kon'sefen, / ri'dakfen
arengedmeény
cram kreem betuszkol
craze for kreiz fox divat, mania, drulet
cruise kru:z tengen utazas
cycle path ‘salkl ‘pa:0 kerékparut
destination ‘destineifan celallomas
detailed itinerary di'teild ar'tinereri részletes utiterv
disastrous holiday dizaistras ‘holidei tonkrement nyaralas
discounted student pass dis'kaontid ‘stju:dent ‘pais kedvezményesdiak bérlet
rendelkezésre allo
disposable income di'speuzebel ‘inkam
jovedelem
dual suspension ‘djuzel se'spenfen kettds felfuggesztés
durable ‘djoerabel tartos
erect a tent 'rekt 9 ‘tent felveri a satrat
escape iskeip menekulés, kikapcsolodas
establish I'steeblif létrehoz, kiépit
execute ‘eksikju:t megvalosit, elvégez
experience, experiences ik'splerions, ik'spleriensiz élmény
experience ik'spiorions megtapasztal, ateél

259
aa 18. TRAVELLING

familiar fe'milia ismeros

csaladi kotelékek,
family bonds ‘feemill bondz
kapcsolatok
filling (petrol) station ‘filin (‘petral) ‘stefan benzinkut
fit in ‘fit ‘in beilleszkedik
follow ‘foleo kovet
freight freit teherszallitas, fuvarozas
fully equipped kitchen ‘foll 'kwipt ‘kitfan teljesen felszerelt kKonyha
gale geil erds szél
guesthouse ‘gesthaus panzio, vendéghaz
habitat of wildlife ‘heebiteet ev ‘waildlaif vadon élé allatok él6helye
hail hell jégesd
have priority ‘heev praroriti elsoébbséget élvez
holiday ofa lifetime ‘holidel av a ‘laiftaim életunk legjobb nyaralasa
hospitable ‘hospitebel vendégszereté
hostel hostl turistahaz, vendégfogado
in the long run ‘in 69 ‘lon ran hosszu tavon
inexorably in'ekserebli kérlelhetetlenul
internal combustion
‘inteznl kem'bastfen ‘endzin bels6 égést motor
engine
key issue ‘kr fur kulcskérdés
lack of space ‘leek av ‘speis megfeleld tér hianya
lane lein sav (uton)
letter of complaint ‘leta av kam'pleint panaszlevél
make meik marka
make a change ‘meik 9 ‘tfeindg atszall
market-targeted ‘markit 'ta:gitid piacorientalt
mosquito me'ski:teo szunyog
nightmare ‘naitmese remalom
no-frills airline ‘neofrilz ‘eelain olcso, fapados légitarsasag
occur ake: torténik, eléfordul
on the contrary ‘on 6a ‘kontreri ellenkezdleg
on-the-spot decision ondespot di'sizn helyszinen hozott dontés
oriental culture orrrentl ‘kalfte keleti kultura
szabadban hasznalatos
outdoor gear ‘avtdo: gle
felszerelés
outweigh ‘avtwel ellensulyoz
magasbanfuto drot,
overhead wire ‘sovehed wale
vezeték
Park&Ride ‘pa:k end ‘raid parkolj és menj tovabb
parking lot ‘parkin lot parkolo
 18. TRAVELLING

peak pik csucs

pedestrian pi'destrian gyalogos
permanently ‘pe:menenti allandoan
pricy ‘praisl draga
puncture ‘panktfa defekt
put somebodyoff ‘pot sam'bodi of elriaszt, eltantorit
quote kweot megallapit, arajanlatot tesz
rails reilz sinek
mindennapilétért
rat race ‘reat reis
folytatott kuzdelem
reach riitf elér
allithato tamlaju (szék,
reclining r'klainin
ulés)
refuse rfjurz visszautasit, megtagad
kornyezettudatos,
responsible tourist risponsibel ‘tuerist
felelosségteljes turista
ring road ‘rin ‘reod korgyuru
road charges ‘rood ‘tfa:dziz uthasznalati dij
csucsid6, csucsforgalom
rush hour raf ‘ave
ideje
sanitation Seeniteifon kozegészségugy, higiénia
scorching hot ‘sko:tfinn ‘hot tikkaszto hdség
self-catering
‘selfkeiterin okome'deifen Onellato szallas
accommodation
shift gear ‘fift ‘gia sebességet valtani
short-term ‘fo:t term rovid tavu
shutile buses ‘Jatl ‘bASIZ gyorsbuszok
ski resort 'skix ri'zozt siparadicsom
smooth smu: sima, zokkenomentes
wellness hétvége, wellness
spa break ‘spa: ‘breik
pihenés
elgémberedett és
stiff and numb ‘stif end ‘nam
elzsibbadt
valaki pénztarcajanak
suit one’s wallet ‘sjuxt '‘wanz ‘wolit
megfeleld
sustainable se'steinebel kornyezettudatos
tailor-made ‘teila ‘meid szemelyre szabott
take-off ‘telkof felszallas (repuld)
threat Oret fenyegetés
traffic lights ‘treefik ‘laits kozlekedési lampa
transit of goods ‘treenzit av ‘godz aruszallitas

261
be 18. TRAVELLING

Travel broadens one’s ‘treevel 'breodenz 'wanz Az utazas szélesiti a

mind. ‘maind latokorunket.
travel insurance ‘treeveal ‘infoerens utasbiztositas
travel far and wide 'treavel ‘fa: end ‘waid Seesee
utazgatm
trek trek turazik
tremendous mobility trimendes meao'biliti nagyon nagy mobilitas
unleaded An'iledid olommentes
valid ‘veelid érvényes
valley ‘veell volgy
vehicle fleet ‘vinikel ‘flit jarmupark
vendorof souvenirs ‘vende ev su:ve'nia ajandékarus
waterproof ‘woxteprurf vizalld
well-maintained ‘wel ‘meiteind [ee
rendbetartott
without any charge wi'daot ent ‘tfaidz dijmentesen, ingyen
woe wan csapasok,
= kellemetlenségek

6 Reading UASides
You are going to readanarticleabout hitchhiking. Some phrases have been
removedfrom thetext.Choosetherightphrases from thelist (A-Q)tofill the gaps
(1-14). There are two extraphrasesthat you do not need. Write your answersin
_ theboxes below. Thereiis an example(0) at the beginning. _ oy

A Guide to the AncientArt of Hitchhiking

In the safety-conscious age of consumertravel, hitch-
hiking is HB for real adventure.
Whilst the fears sown by the modern media havedrasti-
cally reduced the numbersofhitchers in recent years,it’s
still a very viable wayof travelling around the world.
Here’s a general guide to thumbinga ride.
Men should only really _hitchhike alone
aotSONU to wait for half a day at a time.
Female travellers can hitchhike in pairs with either
another girl or a guy. Alone you'll never have to
_ anywhere in the world butit’s a
good idea tohave someoneelse along fora bit of security.
 18. TRAVELLING

Keep your appearance smart and clean. Wearing a shirt and shaving(ifyou're a guy) can help and
don’t wearhats, shades, §&3 that mark you out as a weirdo.
Alwayscarry yourbed with you as you never know whenyou'll haveto sleep outside. Waterproofs
are also (3 as no one wants to pick up a wet and bedraggled hitchhiker.
Carryall the elements with you:A bottle ofwater, alighter and matchesin casey :
a fire at night, a loaf of bread, some nuts and dryfruit to keep your energy up andlastly a pen, a
good map and torch.
Whenit comesto catching rides there are two maintacticsin hitching. Oneis to standbythe side
ofthe roadand@&§===~——__— The otheris to headto gasstations andsolicit lifts. You'll
probably end up _____ out of necessity but each requires a different strategy.
When you're standing on the roadside, choose a place where cars can pull over safely. Never
hitchhike on motorways HEY
Someof the rides you get restore your faith in humanity. All around the world people will
Oo. andgive you food andshelterfor the night. The kindness and thoughtfulness
of the people you meetwill at times. Everyonelikes ef
so that’s always a goodstart to the conversation. Travellinglike this is a
too. You soon learn how to say where are you going, I’m hungry and thank you very much in the
native tongue.
By the side of the road your entire reality becomes focused on the next ride. Here you have no
appointments, no schedules andall is stick out your thumb.
In an age of organized consumertravel, planned and insured from the
start, hitchhikingis one of the few formsof true adventureleft.
(www.roadjunky.com/article)

doing them both

BABB RARAA RARER

revealing clothesor outfits

you really got to do
leave it to chance
talking about themselves
where everything is mapped out
unless you really have to
take you home
an excellent thing to pack
leave you speechless
if you are willing
unless they're prepared
great teacher of language
you need to make
unlessit’s an absolute emergency

263
 18. TRAVELLING

(2 wait more than a few minutes

n
O nneeeeeRREIE
anBne
3) Listening Comprehension
_ You are goingto hearsome
way”.Your task is to gives
_ havesometimeto study the task
after a short pause,listen to therecording
beendoneforyou. j=

5 Romantic Travel Resolutions

2) Whatshould beat the centre of yourtravel plans? (3 things)

___4un,fantasy anol festivities
Whatshould you leave at homeon real vacation? (2 things)
BS 8 & 8 8 8 &

Whereis it advisable to keep a record of your plan?

How can planning be madeinteresting?

Whatthings can help you tovisualise the place you wanttovisit? (3 things)

What adventurousactivities should water-lovers try?

What’s the basic rule for a monthly mini-vacation?

Whichdaysare the best for cheap short getaways?

How manyfestivals should you goto?

 19. COMMUNICATION

19. Communication

HookedontheInternet?
Help is just a click away.
(Author unknown)

The words beloware in connectionwith five categories of communication: the —

computer, the Internet, thecellphone, television and newspapers. Put the words
in the column with which weassociate the phrase the most. Each columnshould
contain sixitems. _ a : y

chat, voicemail, hands-free set, editorial, mousepad, CPU,primetime, headline, text

message, sitcom, keyboard, speeddial, classifieds, webcam, gutterpress, on air, top-up
card, Twitter, desktop, commercial, ringtone, foreign correspondent, link, online, USB
port, presenter, columnist, download music, notebook, talk show

dS eS
Have you got a PC or a notebook at home?
Whatdo youuseit for?
§E3 Doyou haveaccessto the Internet?
@8 Doyouthink the Internetis dangerous?

265
 19. COMMUNICATION

Whatother opportunities are there to use the Internet if you don’t haveit at home?
BR SEEGER RRRR80888

Have you ever bought anything on the net?

Can you imaginelife without the computer?
Whatare the advantages and disadvantages of computer games?
How many mobile phones have you hadso far?
What can you use your mobile phonefor?
Are you in favourof cellphonesor landlines?
Whatis the etiquette for cellphone use?
Whatdo you think of the Hungarian mass media?
Which TV channels do you watch regularly?
Whatis wrongwith the “couch potato”lifestyle?
Can TV be dangerous in any way?
“YZ Do you agree with the statement that TV and radio programmesshould be censored?
Whatkind of newspapers and magazinesare available in Hungary?
Doyousubscribe to any of them or buy oneregularly?
Are you a regular reader of gutterpress?

Answers aE

Have you got a PC or a notebook at home?

a) Yes, I have. As a matteroffact, I could notreally imagine mylife withoutit. There are so
manythings that you can only do with a computer, such as word processing and browsing
the net. I believe you simply cannotavoidit if you want to be up-to-date both at school/
work or even at home.It has becomea natural part of mylife.
b) No, I haven't, and quite honestly I’m not planningto have onein the nearfuture. To me the
computeris a silent tyrant,it’s enoughto have one at work whereit is a must. But my home
is my castle and I don’t want anybody and anythingto control me.

3 Whatdo youuseit for?

I mostoften use it as a smart typewriter when I haveto write an essay, a letter or any other
document.I also write a lot of e-mails on a daily basis too, and from timeto time I download
music from the net. I occasionally use my PC to see mydigital photos and I even watch
movies on the LCD screen of my notebook. There is one thing I never do:I don’t play games.

3 Do you haveaccessto the Internet?

a) Yes, I do, and I thinkit is really great. The whole worldis literally just a click away. When
Iam studying or preparingfor a presentation,or I simply need someinformation I google

266
 19. COMMUNICATION

it and magic:thereare severalsites offered in a list to get the necessary information from.
True, it takes a lot of time to browse the web, but there are cases when nowhereelse could
you get an answer to your question faster or moreeasily.
b) No, I don’t, and I don’t think I will have one in my home.Life without the net is equally
possible, whatever I need the Internet for can waittill I get to work. In my job I use the
neta lot, perhaps that’s why I don’t feel the need to let the world into my homein that
way.

83 Do youthinkthe Internet is dangerous?

a) Manypeople are concerned that someofthe content on the
Internet exerts a bad influence on our children, and
even on society in general. Still other people are
frightened by the sheer power of the Internet,
and the unknown ways in which it may
influence our future. There are plenty of
things that I don’t want to see, or let my
childrensee.It’s notatall ridiculousto try
and limit our exposureto hatred, violence,
child pornography, terrorism,etc.
b) I don’t denythat the Internet has a powerful
influence over us. Still, the Internet is
unique for its size, speed, and easy access
to people everywhere.This gives the Internet
the power to connect us with every idea and
influence that exists. And the Internet provides
virtual communities where people with commoninterests can “live” together. The Internet
is the most extraordinary, powerfultool, and like any toolit can be used for good orevil.
It brings us together, and it makesit easy to encounterany idea imaginable.

&3) Whatother opportunities are there to use the Internet if you don't haveit at
home?
Almost every school and workplace is connected nowadayssoifyou can’t access the net from
home,youarestill not completely isolated from cyberspace. Also, there are opportunities
to use the net for a small fee in places called cybercafés or net cafés. These are more like
coffeebars equipped with computer terminals where you pay for the amountof time spent
online and you can have your documentsprinted, too.

§fl Have you ever bought anything onthe net?

a) Yes, I’m a keen browserof discount e-bookshops where I can get a copy of a book I wantat
a reducedprice.I have also tried buying shoesonline andI certainly was notdisappointed.

267
 19. COMMUNICATION

The goods are delivered to your home two days after placing your order, you pay upon
delivery and the products are of the samequality as advertised.
b) I would never buy anything online,I don’t trust virtual shops. Ifyou want to buy something
you havetoseeit for real, be able to touchit andlookatit from different angles. Try it on
perhaps, and then decide whether you wantit or not. If you buy anythingonlineit’s like
a pig in a poke. Youpayforit first and only then can youtakea lookat what the product
youve just purchasedlookslike. Placing a complaintis a lengthy and complicated business
and very often too muchofa hassle.

Can you imaginelife without the computer?

a) I think I absolutely can. Life would be so muchdifferent and notnecessarily for the worse.
People would have more timeforrealrelationships instead of virtual ones, there would be
real conversations taking place instead of online chat. You would onlytalk to people with
real faces and not just usernames.
b) ‘That would bereally hard to do. Nowadayslife has changed so muchthat without the machines
everything would be so much more complicated and slowmoving. Computers have invaded
every walk ofourlives, they are there, not only on desktopsbutin cars,factories, satellites
and loads of other equipment that modernlife would be unimaginable without.

&3 Whatare the advantages and disadvantages of computer games?

Computer and video games have been very popular with children and teenagers aged
between seven andsixteen. Researchers have found that frequent gameplayers score better
at vision tests as compared to non-players.It has also been found that playing these games
could improve children’s logical thinking ability and problem-solving skills. Where on the
one hand the gamesdo proveto be beneficial to an extent, at the sametime,theirill effects
cannotbeignored. Doctors have founda possible threat to these frequent gamers,affecting
their health. Common complaints found amongchildren obsessed with gamesare eyestrain,
wrist, neck and back pains, etc. Speculation is going on about whether playing games can
cause obesity in the long run. Spending manyhoursin front of the monitor and not going out
enoughcouldalso cause social problemsthusresulting in their becoming shy andintrovert.
Apart from that the games developed nowadays happen to be a lot more violent, thus the
gamers do have a tendency to lose control and become more aggressive. Every aspect hasits
advantages and disadvantages so parents need to keep track of how muchtimetheir children
spend in front of the screen playing gamesandalso as to what type of games theyplay.

§&) How many mobile phones have you hadsofar?

a) Not too many.I had myfirst mobile abouteleven years ago andI keptit for eight years.
I rememberit was a big, chunky gadget that would lookrather ridiculous today compared
to these small, elegant, omnipotent handsets. I bought a new onethreeyears ago and I have
had it ever since.

268
 19. COMMUNICATION

b) I got my first mobile from my parents for my 12th birthday five years ago. Unfortunately
it got stolen in a disco twoyears later. My second one ended upin a bucket of water while
we were doing the spring cleaning with Mum,the third one turnedoutto be faulty and
hadto be replacedso I have had four gadgetsso far, but my absolute favourite was my very
first one.

What can you use your mobile phonefor?

The mobile phone has becomea multifunctional device, phoning peopleis just oneof the vast
array of options you can choose from. Owners can browsethe netas if it was a computer, can
| send and check their e-mails, send short text messages to people they don’t want to phone,
| take photos and short video footage, listen to music or even to real radiostations, use it as
| an alarm clock and anelectronic diary and many, many morethings from calculating local
times to checking the exchangerates offoreign currencies.

Are youin favourof cellphonesorlandlines?

As for the practical side, cellphones are much more convenient than landlines by the very
natureof their being portable, which meansaccessibility even when the owneris not at home.
| From this advantage a serious disadvantage arises, namely the health hazard, as mobile
phones have to have a continual contact with giant transmitters. That means an increased
amountof radiation imposed on every mobile user evenif they are not talking,just the phone
is simply on. Landline phones, however,are less convenientto use as they must be plugged in
| the wall. However, in return for this inconvenience, you are not exposed to extra radiation
| plus you can only be contacted when you are nearit so it guarantees much moreprivacy than
| a mobile switched on.
|

Whatis the etiquette for cellphone use?

Cellphone etiquette applies to most public places andit includes switchingit off or knowing
whento turnit off or vibrateit, e.g. at meetings, movies, the theatre, worship, seminars, etc.
The vibrate modeis appropriate in places where you can take a call, but don’t wantto disturb
| others. When youget a call and you're with friends, keep the call short. Often, it is correct
| etiquette to inform the others at the beginning of the meeting that you are expecting an
important call and get their permission. Be polite and don’t scream in your phone, speak in
a lower-than-normalvoice, thusyouwill only be heard bythecaller, and not by others in the
room. Avoid talking where you maybedistracting to others andfinally it is not only very
dangerous, but also unlawful in most countries to drive and talk on yourcellphoneat the
sametime unless you have a hands-freeset.

What do youthink of the Hungarian mass media?

Mass mediais the namefor all resources people can get information from, namely television
and radio, newspapers and magazines and,of course, the Internet. I believe Hungarian mass
 19. COMMUNICATION

media is undergoing serious value crisis nowadays,

as far as credibility is concerned. People are getting
more and more doubtful about the truth value of
anything that appears publicly as news. Unfortunately
it seems that the way events are reported and shared
with the public is deeply influenced by the interests
of the owners of the media. They very often try and
manipulate public opinion, which treats the public
like children who are unable to think and decide
in a responsible and critical way. Moreover, the
gutterpress is notoriously famous for covering only
scandals and otherjuicystories of celebs.

Which TV channels do you watch regularly?

b) As a matteroffact I rarely watch television, almost once in a blue moondoesit happen that
I switch it on to watch something,orI just stay around when oneof my family membersis
watchingit. I’m mostly interested in the weather soif I catch a newsreelI usually waittill
the endof it to know what weatheris to be expected in the coming coupleofdays. I prefer
watching DVDswheneverI feel like spending some timegluedto the screen, but onlyifI |
have nothing betterto do.
b) I'm a real TV fan. I wouldn't like to be called a couch potato, though. Thereare certain
programmesI really like and watch regularly. I mainly prefer series, such as Desperate
Housewives, Dr House and the like. Actually I prefer watching them on DVD because
there’s no other way of escaping those annoying commercials. But my absolute favourite
TV channels are Discovery and National Geographic which always offer something I’m !
really interestedin.

Whatis wrongwith the “couch potato”lifestyle?

Couch potato is the term used to describe a person with a sedentarylifestyle, with a lot of
time spent in front of the television. This stereotype often refers to a lazy and overweight
person. Obviouslyit has many disadvantages which are harmfulfor the individual. Watching
the television screen for an extendedperiodoftimeis a strain for the eyes as well as the brain.
Moreover, physical inactivity is often paired with the intake of unnecessarycalories, often in
the form of junk food such as potato chips, which is where the term “couch potato” comes
from.

Can TV be dangerousin any way?

Television is one of the most popular devices of humanhistory. But if asked, mostscientists
would say that the vast amount of time spent watching TV today is very harmful. Most
experts believe that it can causelaziness, IQ loss, ADD (Attention Deficit Disorder) and even

270
 19. COMMUNICATION

autism. Watchingtelevision can takethe place of many worthwhileactivities such as physical

exercise, preferably outdoors. Also the contents of certain TV programmes are openly
dangerous,especially for kids. There is so much uncensoredviolence, sex, bad language and
antisocial human behaviourpresented that it is understandable why manyparents choose to
keep their children away from the screen atall costs.

Do you agree with the statement that TV and radio programmes should be
censored?
In today’s society the media play an important role. Every day different broadcasters are
trying to produce something new, somethingthat will shock, amaze orentertain the public.
However,it often happens that we are being bombardedwith scenesofviolence and with foul
and explicit language.It is a fact that such texts and programmesare not only viewed by a
grown-up audience. Certainly broadcasters have a very big responsibility but I nevertheless
believe that the main responsibility lies with the parents. They often leave their children in
front ofthe TV screen withoutrealising how harmfulit can be to them. Taking everything into
consideration,I believe that a moderate degree of censorship paired with parental awareness
is always necessary andthat it could be the wayto create a safe and happy childhood.

Whatkind of newspapers and magazinesare available in Hungary?

Virtually anythingis available on the shelves ofnewsagents in Hungary from daily newspapers
to weeklies, journals and glossy monthly magazines. Similarly to other countries we have
national, regional andlocal papers. According to their treatment of information they can be
eitherserious (highbrow)or sensational(lowbrow). Unfortunately tabloids seem to outnumber
serious papers and are also more popularwith the general reading public. Magazinesare very
often centered arounda specific topic, such as interior design, cuisine, car and motor sport,
gardening,fishing, beauty, fashion and haute couture, just to mention a few.

Do you subscribe to any of them or buy one regularly?

Wesubscribe to the local daily which my whole family read and,since I’m learning English,I
find the issues of Newsweek extremely usefulas well as interesting. What is more, in Hungary
this American news magazinecan be subscribedto at a very reasonableprice for teachers and
students of English. I also buy a fashion magazine every now and then and some crossword
puzzles or sudoku,especially when I’m infor a train journey.

2 Are you a regular reader of gutterpress?

a) Notreally. I sometimes see them scattered around when I’m waiting for my turn at the
hairdresser’s, although they are never up-to-date issues. Going deep into other people's
privatelives is not really my cupoftea, and I don’t actually see how anyone can be amused
by that.

raat
 19. COMMUNICATION

b) Quite honestly I like them. I would notcall myself a sensation hunterstill I enjoy reading
about famouspeople’slives, their happiness and everydaystruggles. I know lot of people
think it is morally wrongto peepinto others’ private issues, but for me it has become a sort
of soap opera printed on paper. I know the characters well and I’m curiousto learn any
new information about them.

a click away 2 ‘klik o'wel egy kattintasnyira

a pig in a poke 8 ‘pig ina peuk zsakbamacska
accessto the Internet ‘eekses to 61 ‘Intenet hozzaférés az internethez
hozzaférhetdéség,
accessibility ekseso'biliti
elérhetdéség
ADD(Attention Deficit ‘eldi:di: , a'tenfn ‘defisit
figyelemzavar
Disorder) dis'o:de
angle engl SZOg
at all costs gat 'o:l kosts mindenaron
bad language beed ‘leengwidz tragarsag, durva szavak
be bombarded with bi: bem'bardid wid zaporozik ra
be glued to the screen bi: ‘glu:d tu 6a |skrizn ratapad a képernyére
be imposed on sb bir im'pauzd on ér vkit (sugarzas)
all vmi eldtt, elébe néz
be in for sth biz ‘in fox
vminek
be isolated from sth bi: aisa'leitid from el van szigetelve vmitdl
be obsessed with sth bi: eb'sest wid megszallottja vminek
be pluggedin bi: ‘plagd in be van dugva(a falba)
bring people together brin ‘ppl te'gede Osszehozza az embereket
broadcaster ‘breodkaiste musorszolgaltato
browsing the net ‘braozin de net netbongészés
cellphone ‘selfaon mobiltelefon
commercial ko'me;{l tévéereklam
couch potato kaot{ pe'tertau folyton tévéz6 szemeély

272
 19. COMMUNICATION

credibility kredi'biliti szavahihetdoség

desktop ‘desktop asztali gép
doubtful ‘daotfel kétkeddé
download ‘daunleod letdlt (internetrdl)
e-bookshop ‘ir bokfop online konyvaruhaz
encounter in'kaonte talalkozik
etiquette ‘etiket etikett, illemszabalyok
every walk of ourlives ‘evri ‘work ov ave Jaivz az életunk mindenterulete
exchangerate iks'tfeindZ reit valutaarfolyam
exert a bad influence ig'ze:t o beed ‘infloens rossz hatast gyakorol
extraordinary ik'stro:deneri kulonleges, szokatlan
eye strain ‘aistrein aszem megerdltetése
faulty ‘foxlti hibas
foreign currency ‘farin ‘karensi valuta
foul and explicit language favl ond ik'splisit ‘leengwidz tragar nyelvezet
glossy ‘glosi fényes papirra nyomtatott
google sth gu:gl beirja a Google keresdéjébe
gutterpress ‘gAtepres bulvarsajto
hands-free set ‘heendzfri: set kihangosité
hatred ‘heitrid gyulolet
magas szinvonalu/muvészi
haute couture et kur'tfoe
szintt szabaszat
health hazard hel6 'heezed egeszségugyi veszély
ill effects il 'fekts karos hatasok
inactivity
fizikai aktivitas/testmozgas
ineek'tiviti
hianya
bels6 épitészet,
interior design in'tioria di'zain
lakberendezés
introvert ‘intreve:t befelé forduld,introvertalt
invade in'veid betor
IQ loss ‘aikju: los intelligencia hanyatlasa
szamitastechnika/
IT lesson ‘alti lesn
informatika dra
juicy story ‘dzu:si ‘sto: szaftos torténet
junk food 'd3Ank furd értéktelen ennivalo
keen Kirn buzgo,lelkes
keep track of sth/sb kizp ‘treek ov nyomon kévet vmit/vkit
landline ‘leendlain vezetékes telefon
lengthy ‘lend! hosszadalmas
loads of ‘laodzov egy csomo,jO sok
lose control lu:iz ken'treol elvesziti az Onuralmat
manipulate mea'nipjoleit befolyasol, manipulal

CH
 19. COMMUNICATION

tomegkommunikacios
mass media mars ‘mirdia
csatornak
multifunctional device malti'fankfenl di'vais tobbfunkcids készulék
national, regional and lo- ‘neefonel ‘riidzenel zend orszagos, regionalis és
cal papers ‘lavkel ‘peipez helyi lapok
newsreel ‘njuzzrul hirado
notoriously neo'torriasl kozismerten
omnipotent om'nipatent mindentudo
once in a blue moon 'wAns In a ‘blu: mu:n hébe-hdba
(lét)szambeli folenyben
outnumber aot'nambe
van
parental awareness pe'rentl e'weenis szuldi odafigyelés
kézbesitéskorfizet,
pay upondelivery pal e'pon diliveri
tértivevényesen vasarol
politeness pelaitnis udvariassag
portable ‘poztebl hordozhato
preferably ‘preferebli lehetdéleg
private issues ‘praivit‘ifu:z maganugyek
problémamegoldo
problem-solvingskills ‘problem,solvin skilz
képesség
rely on others rilal on ‘Adez masokra tamaszkodik
responsible ri'sponsibl felelds
ridiculous ri'dikjolas nevetséges
scattered around 'skeeted o'raond szétszorva
score better sko: ‘beta jobb eredményt nyujt
sedentary ‘sedentri ul6- (pl. munka)
sensation hunter ‘senselfn ‘hante szenzaciohajhasz
smart typewriter smatt'taipraite intelligens ir6gép
stay around stel o'raond ottragad (a tévé eldtt)
sth is not really my cup of
not 'riall mal ‘kapev ti: vmi nem az én vilagom
tea
telegram ‘teligreem tavirat
to an extent to on ik'stent bizonyos meértékig
maceras, nem ێrimeg a
too muchofa hassle ‘tu: matf eve ‘hees!|
felhajtast
transmitter treenz'mite adotorony
tyrant ‘tairant zsarnok
uncensored An'sensed cenzurazatlan
value crisis ‘veeljur ‘kralsis ertekvalsag
video footage ‘vidied ‘fotidz mozgoképrogzités
word processing 'we:d prev'sesin szovegszerkesztés
worship ‘we:fip istentisztelet

274
 19. COMMUNICATION

Tasks

6 Reading Comprehension
You. are going|to read an article abouttheeffects of video games on youngsters. —
Yourtaskis tofinish the sentences (1-6) followingthetext. Choose thephrase(A-D) .
_ whichisnearest in meaningto whatthearticle says. Write the letters ofthe correct
_ answersin the bowes below.There is anexample (0) for youat thebeginning.oy
_

Playing Video Games “HasLittle Impact on Teen Sleep”

Playing a video game before bed appears to have only a mild
effect on how longit takes a male teenagerto fall asleep, a
preliminary study suggests.
Those whoplayed relatively violent video game took only
marginally longerto fall asleep than those who watched a
relaxing nature documentary.
The Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine study pitted Call
of Duty 4 against Marchof the Penguins.
Thereisstill little scientific data on the effects of video
gamesonsleep, but anecdotal evidence has long suggested
that playing such gamesat night could have a detrimental impacton sleep becausethe stimulation
keeps one awake even after the gamehas ceased.
To test the theory, researchers at Flinders University in Adelaide, Australia, recruited 13 males
between the agedof 14 and 18 with no existing sleep problems.
On onenighttheysat beneath the coversplaying Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfarefor 50 minutes -
a game in whichtheplayer takes on the role of an SASrecruit amongothers carrying out various
violent missions.
On a second night a week later they spent an equal amountof time watching Marchof the
Penguins, the award-winning French documentary which follows the yearly journey of the
emperor penguinsof Antarctica across vast swathesofice to their breeding grounds.
Threefell asleep while watchingthefilm, while none dozedoff while playing Call of Duty.
The majority of the teenagers did take longerto fall asleep after playing the video game, but most
wereasleep within seven-and-a-half minutes- only four minutes longer than when they watched
Marchofthe Penguins.
“We purposefully chose a very tranquil film to contrast against the very stimulating effect of
playing a violent video gamein the hope of producingthe greatest effect on sleep,” said Michael
Gradisar, a seniorlecturerin clinical child psychology wholed the research.
“Weweresurprised that playing the violent video gamedid notlead to a muchlonger time taken
to fall asleep.”
 19. COMMUNICATION

Howeverhe acknowledgedthere werelimitationsto the small study, notably that very few teenagers
whoplayed would limit their playing timeto just 50 minutesa night.
And howevertranquil Marchof the Penguins maybe, somesleep experts urge no screen activity !
before bed — beit computer, gameor TV.
‘Therehas been increasing focus on the quality and length of youngpeople’s sleep, in part because
of the impact on concentration but also amid mounting suggestions that poor sleep may be
contributing to obesity levels.
(news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/8620949.stm)

Ma} Playing a videogame before bed

causes nightmares.
BB is allowed for teenagers onlyif they do their homeworkbefore.
does not deeply influencethe length ofthe time a teenage boy needsto fall asleep.
@ is moretypical of boys thangirls.
People generally think that
videogamesdisruptsleep patterns.
$5 playing on the computer causeshigh bloodpressure.
westill don’t know much about videogames.
@») playing videogames is more harmfulat night than by day.
© TheAustralian research ie
tested participants howlongtheycan play a videogame.
G3) involved teenage boys only.
madesubjectstake part in a virtualcarrally.
@) used rather violent methods.
The major
J difference between watching 8 a documentary yi and playing
playing a videogame
8 wasthat

somepeople fel] asleep during the nature film.

&5 participants were notinterested in the documentaryatall.
after the videogame someboyshad restless night.
BD) the film was longer than the game.
@3 Theresearchers’ aim wasto oe
prove the harmfuleffects of videogaming.
HB) produce peacein the boys’ minds.
expose participants to two verydifferent influences to examinetheir effects.
@ learn more about videogamers’ psychological problems.
 19. COMMUNICATION

§3 The shortcomingsofthe researchare that

the participants werefat.
§3 the rooms whereit was conducted was too small.
participants could not concentrate properly.
@) teenagers usually play longer than 50 minutesat sitting.
@} Youngsters’ sleep has become an important research topic because
overweight people can lose weight during “quality sleep”.
2) bad dream are suggested to have negative consequences.
youngpeople don’t sleep enough.
§&5) it influences both their academic success and body weight.

eeSEs__
» Listening Comprehension
— Inthissection you are about to hear some‘interesting facts about healthissues _
and mobile phoneuse.Yourtaskistofillin the gapsin the sentences with a
maximumofthree words.First, you willhave some time to study the task, and.
__ thenwewillplay the whole recording inone piece. Then, after ashort pause,
listen to the recording again. At the end, you willhave some moretimeto check8
_ your answers. Thefirst question (0) has beendoneforyou as an. example. | vy

Mobile Phones and Cancer — Summary

Mobile phones have been found ae _not to increase the risk of brain tumour. The
most comprehensive study was carried out in [8 Poeteiatt and examined
ibaalee____ people. Accordingto the study there isK¥ Seetelategeeite,Sree
between mobile phone use
andanytypeofM@B is___ People whosuffer from.
5 aee_ usually have the tumour on the side of the head where
they most often hold their telephones. The problem with the research is that people
gS their former phoning habits, furthermore, their illness can
influence Apart from Denmark some other countries like
g ; ; and also
conducted research in this field. What mobile phones can actually cause is a growing
number of MY —“‘“‘Ci—s~—S Scientists think it is safe to use a mobile phone for
however,their influence on the Eg Mieet. _ is not
known.Ifyouare undersixteen you are advised to use your mobile forsss
only.

277
 20. SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS

20. Rretergteuite Progress LS

Modern technology
Owes ecology
An apology.
(Alan M. Eddison)

Check how much you know about famousinventionsandtheirinventors. Choose _

_ the correct answer. OF ————eeee ”

WhoInvented...

the gramophone?
Thomas Alva Edison
a Benjamin Franklin
Alfred B. Nobel
@P) Sir Alexander Graham Bell
f4 theelevator?
Fahrenheit
§) Michael Faraday
Benjamin Franklin
5) Elisha G. Otis
04 the mercury thermometer?
RudolphDiesel
@5) Sir Alexander Graham Bell
Fahrenheit
@2) Orville and Wilbur Wright
the lightning conductor?
Thomas Alva Edison
(5 Alfred B. Nobel
Benjamin Franklin
D Marie Curie

278
 the microphone?
Alfred B. Nobel
5) Sir Alexander Graham Bell
Rudolph Diesel
@) Elisha G. Otis
@4) the aeroplane?
Orville and Wilbur Wright
a Thomas Alva Edison
Alfred B. Nobel
®) Sir Alexander Graham Bell

FE|
EEEEEEREERERBESBERaSES F

7? @ Questions

Whatdo we meanbyscientific development?

How hasthe developmentofscience influenced our everyday lives?
Whatare its disadvantages?
What is meant by biotechnology?
Whatare the argumentsforit?
Whyare somepeopleseriously againstit?
Would you like to eat genetically modified vegetables?
Can organic farming solve global food problems?
Whatare the importance and benefits of space exploration?
Haveyou heardoftragedies in space?
Whatis the definition of euthanasia?
Doyouthinklegalizing euthanasia is morally right?
Whatis cloning?
Whatdo you think of cloning animals?
Is it morally acceptable to clone humans?
Whatis gene therapy usedfor?
Whatis stem cell research?
Doyou think umbilical cord blood can be an answerto certain medical problems?
Doessociety approve ofscientific research that involves testing on animals?
How do animalrights activists protest against experiments on animals?

279
 Answers 12

Whatdo we meanbyscientific development?

By scientific progress we meanall the great scientific discoveries that have changed our
understanding of the world forever, those inventions and discoveriesthat have revolutionised
the way welive as well as developmentsin health over the last hundred years.It also involves
how wehave developed our understandingof the origins of man andof the planet Earth and
our growing awarenessof the environment.

@&3 How hasthe developmentof science influenced our everydaylives?

The influenceis present in every walkoflife. Just to mention a few instances: jet engine is the
technologythat turned the twentieth century into the century of international air travel. The
transmission oftelevision pictures has developed considerably over thelastfifty years. With
the invention of the silicon chip — the basic componentof all modern computers - a new
perspective has been openedupin processing andstoring data. The revolutionary progressin
medical science has madeit possible to replace the organs of the human body, and has made
birth control available to women around the world and wiped out diseases. With the advent
of different household gadgets the endless hours that women spent doing the chores have
been madea lot shorter and the tasks themselvesa lot easier.

§&3 Whatare its disadvantages?

Although it is widely believed that the advantages scientific progress has given uscertainly
outweigh the disadvantages it has to be acknowledged that every advantage brings along
with it a disadvantage. Unfortunately we have come to depend on it more and more as we
advancein thefield. Today, we can’t imagine ourselves without technological advances such
as the car, the microwave, the cell phone, the computer, or television. However, technology
won't stop here, butwill develop further. Asit progresses, there are not only advantages, but
disadvantages from them. Many people argue that as we venture further into the frontier of
technology we proceed with a slow deathofsociety, by losing culture and ultimately a sense
of self. Another disadvantage of upgraded technology mightbe that people are likely to lose
their jobs to machines that will do the work for them. In addition, machines and robots are
too complex for most people to use.

Whatis meant by biotechnology?

Biotechnology is technology based on biology, agriculture, food science and medicine.
Modernuse of the term usually refers to genetic engineeringas wellas cell and tissue culture
technologies. Before recorded history, humansgrewselected plants for food and medicines.
They bred animals for food, for work, and as pets. These are all examples of biotechnology.
In more recenttimes, however, the term “biotechnology”has mainly been applied to specific
industrial processes that involve the use of biological systems. Biotechnology draws on pure
 20. SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS

biological sciences such as genetics, microbiology, biochemistry, embryology,cell biology and

in manyinstancesis also dependent on knowledge and methods from outside the sphere of
biology like chemical engineering, information technology andbiorobotics.

3 What are the argumentsforit?

Biotechnology is essentially the use of technology to make biological processes benefit
mankind. Among the advantages the most important ones are the following: genetic
engineering techniques improve foodcrops; the creation of genetically modified foods makes
it possible to feed the ever-growing world population; molecular breeding methodshelp to
improvelivestock; molecular biology methods help to understandthe natureof diseases as
well as to diagnose genetic disorders. The use of stem cells makesit possible to treat diseases
andit has led to the creation of the human genome(gene map) and has enabled usto clone
DNA and makemillionsof identical copies. The use of DNAfingerprinting in the courtoflaw
helpsto shed light on criminal cases.

&3 Why are somepeople seriously againstit?

The disadvantages includeethical and moral issues surrounding cloning andtheeffect this
has on society. Medicine can help us overcomediseases, and cure the uncurable. However,it
can also be used to create super-viruses with the potential to wipe out the entire world
population. Genetic engineering in agriculture may help us produce more food to feed the
world, since we can now modifythe seeds to be “disease-free” but again in doingso it could
actually create a super-virus which could have the opposite effects and wipe out our food
supply. Also, the effects of eating genetically modified food over a longperiodof timeisstill
unknown.Asfor farming,it also creates a lot of controversy whether or not GM crops are
good orbad, and whetherornotthe public is willing to acceptthat the food they’re eating has
been tampered withby scientist in a white coat. Every aspect of science and technologyis a
double-edged sword. Biotechnologyis a very promising subject, I think. It has contributed
greatly to the development of economyandsociety for several years, yet it can also bring us
disaster if we useit incorrectly.

Would youlike to eat genetically modified

vegetables?
a) I think there isn’t a choice in this issue really. As
the climate warms, and the world population
increases, the price of food is going to increase
to muchhigherlevels. And as oil reservesshrink,
the prices will increase still further. The third
world will have two choices: GM crops or mass
starvation. You will be surprised how willingly
people will accept GM crops once they have no
otheralternative.

zaohh
 20. SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS

b) Genetically modified food is absolutely a bad idea. In the US, for example, people
have all kinds of health problems because theyeat that kindof food. Also, the biggest
problem aboutit is that we haveabsolutely no clue about the effects it can have on our
bodies in the long run. Perhaps the answerto global food problemsis not so much in
GMfoodsbut in a more just distribution of food available worldwide,that is putting
an endto starvation in the third world while in therest of the world food is wasted and
peopleare seriously overweight.

§&3 Can organic farming solve global food problems?

Those whoareagainst genetically modified food believe that organic farming can definitely
be an answerto global food problemstheonly solution being to create sustainable agriculture.
It meansthatit is capable of producing food of adequate nutritional quality with a minimum
harmful impact on the environment and wildlife. It is also claimed that organic farmers
combine traditional and modern agricultural technologies based on the following strict
principles: chemical-free production, recycling and maintaining the natural balance between
cropsandlivestock. However, organic farming is expensive, requires a lot of work andis very
often less productive than non-organic farming.

2) Whatare the importance andbenefits of space exploration?

If governments couldincrease the budget andthe interest in space exploration, the benefits
would be quite amazing. It would bring along newer technology that could save millions
of lives, more safety andless travel time for airplanes, economic boost for countries, more
jobs, medical technology that can detect or cure cancer and other deadly diseases. NASA
collaborated with Black and Deckerto create a longer-lasting battery and theseare already in
today’s battery-powered tools, cameras and cellphones. NASA also created helmet paddings
worn by American football players, and foam for airline seats. Space-age technology also
created scratch-prooflenses, composite golf clubs, high density batteries, ultraviolet blocking
sunglasses, the computer mouse,freeze-dried food, infant formula that keeps diseases out of
milk for babies and manyotherinnovations.

Have youheardof tragedies in space?

Unfortunately spacetravel is not the safest even today andit poses serious hazards owing
to possible technical problems from the momentof take-off to the moment of landing.
Mostof us have probably heard ofthe gravest catastrophes; the 1986 “Challenger disaster”
is perhaps the most well-known,involving the death of seven American astronauts and
a civilian, who, ironically enough, took part in the voyage to demonstrate the safety of
space travel. In the recentpast, in 2003 the tragedy of the Columbiaspace shuttle shocked
the world as minutes before landing the seven crew members’ lives were lost in the
explosion.

pA)
 20. SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS ore
Fh
Whatis the definition of euthanasia?
Euthanasiais the term for the right of a person whohasuntreatable physical or psychological
pain andis without any prospect of improvementin his condition to be helpedto pass away.
Legally there is a distinction between active and passive euthanasia, where the formeris seen
as unlawful murder, while the latter is considered to be the acknowledgementofa person’s
right to refuse medicalcare.

Do you think legalizing euthanasia is morally right?

a) It is very delicate issue and divides public opiniona lotsinceit is a genuine questionoflife
and death. There are ardent supporters (Right to Die Societies) and, of course, people who
are convincedthat euthanasia is morally wrong (Pro-Life Organisations).
b) I honestly believe that personaldecisions shouldbe respected.If you are terminally ill and
have to endurea lot of suffering, you mustbe allowed to make an informed choice about
ending thepain.It seemsto methatit must be considered as basic humanright not to have
to lose dignity.
c) There is no way I would considerassisted death morally acceptable. I don’t think modern
medicineis incapable of handling pain properly, and sinceit is so we can never be sure
that there is no proper treatment available. Legalising euthanasia would mean violating
the rightto life, considered so importantby society.

Whatis cloning?
Cloning is an umbrella term traditionally used by scientists
to describe different processes for duplicating biological
material. When the mediareport on cloning in the news,
they usually talk aboutonly onetypecalled reproductive
cloning. There are different types of cloning however,
and cloning technologies can be used for other
purposes besides producing the genetic twin of
another organism. A basic understanding of the
different typesofcloningis key to taking an informed
stance on currentpublic policy issues and making the
best possible personaldecisions. The following three
types of cloning technologies exist: (1) recombinant
DNAtechnology or DNA cloning, (2) reproductive
cloning, and (3) therapeutic cloning.

What do you think of cloning animals?

I believe that cloning animals is a rather controversial issue. What we know about the
relatively short history ofthisfield of biotechnologyis that it has been full of problems.Early
cloned animal embryos were mostly unfitforlife, suffered from different diseases and had a
 20. SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS

very weak immunesystem. That was the reason why they aged prematurely and died early.
Dolly, the first cloned sheep from 1996 is an example of this. Now, with more advanced
medical technology, cloning animals may open new doorsto help endangered species grow
in numbers and, perhaps, bring extinct species back tolife.

Is it morally acceptable to clone humans?

Dueto theinefficiency of animal cloning (only about 1 or 2 viable offspring for every 100
experiments) and the lack of understanding about reproductive cloning, many scientists and
physiciansstrongly believe that it would be unethical to attempt to clone humans. Not only
do most attempts to clone mammals fail, about 30% of clones born alive are affected with
debilitating conditions. Manycloned animals have died prematurely from infections and other
complications. The same problems would be expected in humancloning.In addition,scientists
do not know how cloning could impact mental development. While factors such as intellect
and mood maynotbe as important for a cow or a mouse,they are crucial for the development
of healthy humans. With so many mysteries concerning reproductive cloning, the attemptto
clone humansat this time is considered potentially dangerousandethically irresponsible.

Whatis gene therapy usedfor?

Eachofus carries about half a dozen defective genes. In the US and Europe, there are exciting
new programs to “map” the entire human genome- thatis, all of our genes. This work will
enable scientists and doctors to understand the genes that control all diseases to which the
humanrace is prone, and hopefully develop new therapies to treat and predict diseases.
A potential approachto the treatment of genetic disorders in man is gene therapy. This is a
technique whereby the absentorfaulty geneis replaced by a workinggene, so that the body can
makethe correct enzymeor protein and consequently eliminate the root cause of the disease.

Whatis stem cell research?

Stem cells, thatis, different cell types ofthe blood - including immunecells - are continuously
replenished from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) of the bone marrow that is the major
reservoir of adult multipotent stem cells. HSCs have been utilized for more than 20 years to
treat hematological tumors by stem cell therapy. Recent developments of stem cell research
revealed that adult stem cells are present at low numbersalso in various tissues and possess
limited regenerative potential as compared to embryonicor fetal stem cells. The mechanism
by which adult stem cells exert their effects, however,is still poorly understood.

Do you think umbilical cord blood can be an answerto certain medical prob-
lems?
Umbilical cord bloodis the bloodleft over in the placenta and in the umbilical cord after the
birth of the baby. The cord blood contains stem cells, including hematopoietic cells. Umbilical
cord bloodis well-recognized to be useful for treating hematopoietic and genetic disorders.

par
 20. SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS

Removing the umbilical cord bloodis not harmfulto the baby and the blood would normally
be thrown away as medical waste.

EE) Does society approveof scientific research that involves testing on animals?

Today, animal-rights groups want to ban theuse of animals in scientific testing. They claim
that animal experimentation andthe killing of animals for research is unethical, cruel, and
unnecessary. Oneof the mostinfluential animal-rights groups is PETA (Peoplefor the Ethical
Treatment of Animals). Researchers agree that the use of animalsis absolutely crucial for
most HIV/AIDSresearch conducted today. Opponentsof animal experimentation also argue
that researchers should employalternatives to animal use. There are various federal laws and
regulations to safeguard the welfare of laboratory animals. Opponents of animal research
argue that animal experimentation and animaltesting is unethical and cruel. While medical
researchers studycell and tissue cultures, these isolated tests provide only isolated results.
Their motto is “Animals are not ours to eat, wear, experiment onor use for entertainment.”
Every day, all around the world, millions of people with HIV/AIDS hope that advances
in scientific research will save their lives. Today, animal research remains controversial.
According to Nobel Prize winner Sir John Vane quoted by the Research Defense Society on
the web,“The medicines of tomorrow will depend uponresearch being donetoday,for which
animal experimentationis essential.”

How do animalrights activists protest against experiments on animals?

Certain radical animal rights activists go as far as breaking into laboratories and damaging
equipment. They have also threatened andblackmailed scientists working in those laboratories
in addition to organising aggressive street demonstrations. Some group memberseven attack
filmstars and celebs and spray paint on their fur coats.
 20. SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS

acknowledge ak'nolidZ beismer, elismer

acknowledgement ak'nolidgment elismerése vminek
adequate ‘eedikwit megfelelé
advent ‘gedvent vmi eljOvetele
ardent supporter ‘a:dentfe'po:te lelkes tamogatdo
assisted death a'sistid ded eldsegitett halal
be launched br: lointft fellovik
benefit ‘benifit hasznot huz
biorobotics baiore'botiks biorobotika
birth control be:8 ken'treol fogamzasgatlas
blackmail ‘blaekmell megzsarol
bone marrow beon 'mzereo csontveld
magaval hoz, egyutt jar
bring along brin elon
vele
cell sel sejt
circumstance ‘so:kemsteens korulmeéeny
civilian si'vilien civil, nem szakmabeli
collaborate ke'leebereit egyuttmukodik
complex ‘kompleks bonyolult, osszetett
composite ‘kompezit vasvazas
conduct research kon‘dakt ri'soxtf kisérletezik
controversy ‘kontreveisi vita, polemia
current 'karant jelenlegi, mostani
legyengité, életerdt
debilitating drbilitertin
felemésztd6
defective di'fektiv hibas
delicate issue ‘delikot‘fur kényes téma
diagnosztizal, orvosilag
diagnose ‘dalegneoz
felismer
dignity ‘digniti meltosag
discovery dis'kaver! felfedezés
disorder dis'‘o:de zavar
distribution distri'bjuzfn elosztas, eloszlas
double-edged sword ‘dabl ed3d so:d kétélu fegyver
igénybe vesz vmit, merit
draw on sth dro: on
vmibdl
duplicate ‘dju:plikeit megkett6z
eliminate rlimineit kikuszobol
embryology embrisladzi embriologia, magzattan
 20. SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS

alternativ megoldasokat
employ alternatives im'plo! o:l'ta:netivz
alkalmaz
endure in'djoe kibtr, kiall (fajdalmat)
ethical ‘eOikl etikus
ever-growing ‘eva,grevin folyamatosan ndovekvé
exit ‘eksit kilép vhonnan
faulty gene ‘forlti dZin hibas gén |
federal law ‘federal lo: szovetségi torvény
fetal fell. — magzati
fingerprinting ‘fingeprintin ujjlenyomatvétel
foam -feom _ hab==
former ‘forme eldébbi, el6zd
genome ‘dzineom genom, géntérkép
genuine ‘dzenjoin igazi, valodi
GM crops ‘d3izem krops - génmodositott termény
have absolutely no clue heev 'zebselurth neo klu:
fogalma sincs vmirél
about a'baot
helmet padding -‘helmit 'peedin -sisakpamnazas _
hematopoietic hizmetepeo'etik verképz6
householdgadgets -‘havshoold ‘geedzits haztartasi gépek
incapable of handling képtelen a fajdalmat
in'keipebl ov 'haendlin pein
pain kezelni
increase the budget in'kris 62 'badzit novelik a kdltségvetést
inefficiency ini fifensi hatékonysagteljes hianya
infant formula ‘infant ‘formjole csecsemotapszer
infection in'fekfn fertézés
influential inflo‘enfl befolyasos
instance ‘instens példa
invention invenfn _ talaimany =
irresponsible Ir'sponsibl felelotlen
jet engine dzet ‘endzin | — sugarhajtomt —
latter : ‘leete utobbi
-Allatallomany, haszonal-
livestock ‘laivstok = e
-latok- seen
mankind ‘meenkaind az emberiség
massstarvation mais staz'velfn _ tomeges éhezés
modify ‘modifal mddosit
moral ‘moral - ereics: 5
multipotens, barmely
multipotent mal'tipotent
szerwekifejl6d6
nutritional quality => njurtrifenl '‘kwolitt — tapérték —

Py
 20. SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS

organic farming 9o:'geenik ‘fa:min organikus/biogazdalkodas

outweigh ‘avtwel felulmul
overcome ‘euvekam legy6z, felulkerekedik
pass away pais owel eltavozik az él6k sorabol
placenta pla'senta méhlepény
pose serious hazards peuz ‘sierias ‘heezedz komoly veszeélyt jelent
potential pe'ten| lehetdéség
prematurely premetfooll idd eldtt
principle ‘prinsipl elv
prone preon hajlamos
prospect ‘prospekt lehetdéség, kilatas
public policy ‘pablik ‘polis! kOzgyakorlat
put sth in orbit potin ‘oxbit fold korult palyara tesz
regenerative potential ridzenereativ pe'ten|l regeneracios képesséeg
ujratermelddik,
replenish ri'plenif
ujraképzdédik
reservoir ‘rezovwa: tarhaza vminek
revolutionise reve'lu:fenaiz forradalmasit
safeguard ‘selfga:d vedelmez
scientific development saien'tifik di'velapment a tudomanyfejl6dése
scratch-proof lens ‘skreet{pru:f lens karcmentes lencse
shed light on sth ‘fed lait on megvilagit, ravilagit
zsugorodik, csokken a
shrink friqk
meérete
space exploration speis eksple'reifn urkutatas
sphere sfie szféra, tudomanyterulet
stance stains hozzaallas
stem cell stem sel Ossejt
stem cell research stem sel ‘ri:sext/ dssejtkutatas
street demonstration strit demen'streifn utcai tiltakozas
tamperwith sth ‘taeampe wid hozzapiszkal vmihez
haldlos betegségben
terminally ill ‘terminell i
szenved
tissue ‘tifux szovet
transmission treenz'mifn adas (tévé, radio)
umbilical cord blood Am'bilikl |kord blad koldokzsinorver
umbrella term Am'brela term gyujtéfogalom
unethical An‘e@ikl etikatlan
unfit for life An‘fit fox laif alkalmatlan az életre
untreatable An'triztebl kezelhetetlen
upgraded Ap‘greidid fejlett

288
 20. SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS

venture further ‘vent{e ‘fe:de tovabb merészkedik

violate therightto life '‘valeleit de ‘rait te laif sérti az élethez valo jogot
welfare ‘welfeo jolet
whereby : ‘weebal amialtal, amitdl, amivel
wipe out ‘waip aot megszuntet

B Reading Comprehension
Read the following text about a recentscientific ‘breakthrough, from which
several sentences have been removed. Your taskistofill in the gaps (4-8) from
_ thelist below thetext. Write the lettersinthe boxes below. There is anextra
sentence that you do notneed. An example(0) has been givenfor you. r

The Importanceof Stem Cells

Stem cells have the remarkable potential to develop into many
differentcell types in the body duringearly life and growth.
peLI ti When a stem cell divides, each
newcell has the potential either to remain a stem cell or
become another type of cell with a more specialized
function, such as a muscle cell, a red blood cell, or a
brain cell.
BagSOEsaintoh First, they are unspecialized
cells capable of renewing themselves through cell
division, sometimes after long periods of inactivity.
Second, under certain physiological or experimental
conditions, they can be induced to become tissue-
or organ-specific cells with special functions.
Be __ In other organs, however, such
as the pancreas andtheheart, stem cells only divide under special conditions.
Until recently, scientists primarily worked with two kindsof stem cells from animals and humans:
embryonic stem cells and non-embryonic “somatic” or “adult” stem cells. Bioeeee
They discovered ways to derive embryonic stem cells from early mouse embryosnearly 30 years
ago, in 1981. The detailed study of the biology of mousestem cells led to the discovery, in 1998,
of a method to derive stem cells from human embryos and grow thecells in the laboratory.
The embryosused in these studies were created for reproductive purposes
throughinvitro(i.e. artificial) fertilization procedures. In 2006, researchers
made another breakthrough by identifying conditions that would allow somespecialized adult
cells to be “reprogrammed”genetically to assumea stem cell-like state. This new typeofstem cells
are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
 20. SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS

Stem cells are important for living organisms for many reasons.In the 3- to 5-day-old embryo,
called a blastocyst, the innercells give rise to the entire body of the organism,including all of the
manyspecialized cell types and organssuch astheheart, lung, skin, sperm,eggs and othertissues.

Given their unique regenerative abilities, stem cells offer new potential for treating diseases such
as diabetes, and heart disease. However, much work remains to be donein the laboratory and the
clinic to understand how to usethesecells for cell-based therapies to treat disease, which is also
referred to as regenerative or reparative medicine.
__ Scientists are already using stem cells in the laboratory to screen new drugs
and to develop modelsystemsto study normal growth andidentify the causes of birth defects.
gS Stem cell research is one of the most fascinating areas of contemporary
biology, but, as with many expandingfields of scientific inquiry, research on stem cells raises
scientific questionsas rapidly as it generates new discoveries.
(stemcells.nih.gov/info/basics/basicsl.asp)

In someadult tissues, such as bone marrow, muscle, andbrain, discrete populationsof adult
stem cells generate replacementsfor cells that are lost through normalwearandtear, injury,
or disease.
The functions and characteristics of these cells are now being explainedby scientists.
ex A 8 8 886

Stem cells are distinguished from othercell types by two importantcharacteristics.

| Hissues
they
serveasa
sortofinternalrepairsystem:
dividingessentially
epteni rer-cellsastong
as the persorror-animatis-stit
alive:
Whentheywere nolonger neededfor that purpose, they were donated for research with the
informed consentof the donor.
Laboratory studies of stem cells enable scientists to learn aboutthecells’ essential properties
and what makes them different from specialized cell types.
In someorgans,suchas the gut and bone marrow,stem cells regularly divide to repair and
replace worn out or damagedtissues.
A lot moreresearchisstill required in orderto explore the possible negative effects.
Thesecells are called human embryonic stem cells.
Research on stem cells continues to advance knowledge about how an organism develops
from a single cell and how healthycells replace damaged cells in adult organisms.

eeeaseeSSSeSeS
 20. SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS

eoenut Seen
ou this section youare going to hear a text aboutnear-death e« xperiences. Your
S taskiis towritethe letter of the correct answer in theboxesbelow.First, youwill
have sometime tostudy the task, and then wewillplay the recording. Then,
after a short pause,listen tothe recording again.At the end you ce aessome
more time tocheck your answers. — a &

Near-death Experiences: In or out of the Body?

MP Beingcloseto death isa experience.
frightening
@) pleasant
painful
Scientists think that near-death experiences provethat
there is life after death.
®) the personis mentallyill.
before their final momentpeople see dream-like pictures.
Near-death experiencesare easier to interpret if we understand
the meaning of dreams.
(85 the complicated biological processes in the body.
how thepersonlived.
HB Inthepastpeople
welcomedscientific evidence that thereis no life after death.
(3 thought the traditional ideas ofthe spirit werelost.
didn’t think mediums could communicate with the dead.
Deathbedvisions appear
as pictures of another world.
@5) when youaretalking to a medium.
while you are listening to frightening music.
Near-death experiences today _ ne
are madebetter by medicines.
@) are shared by a lot more people than before.
are very different from what people hadin thepast.

eeeSSa

E
 TRACKLIST
1. Family Relations
01-Family Relations-1
01-Family Relations-2
01-Family Relations-3
01-Family Relations-4
01-Family Relations-Listening
2. HumanRelationships
02-Human Relationships-1
02-Human Relationships-2
02-Human Relationships-3
02-Human Relationships-4
02-Human Relationships-Listening
3. Celebrations
03-Celebrations-1
03-Celebrations-2
03-Celebrations-3
03-Celebrations-4
03-Celebrations-Listening
4. ConsumerSociety
04-ConsumerSociety-1
04-ConsumerSociety-2
04-ConsumerSociety-3
04-ConsumerSociety-4
04-ConsumerSociety-Listening
5. Fashion
05-Fashion-1
05-Fashion-2
05-Fashion-3
05-Fashion-4
05-Fashion-Listening
292
6. Housing
06-Housing-1
06-Housing-2
06-Housing-3
06-Housing-4
06-Housing-Listening
7. GlobalIssues
07-Global Issues-1
07-Global Issues-2
07-Global Issues-3
07-Global Issues-4
07-Global Issues-Listening
8. EnviromentalIssues
08-Environmental Issues-1
08-EnvironmentalIssues-2
08-Environmental Issues-3
08-Environmental Issues-4
08-Environmental Issues-Listening
9. School
09-School-1
09-School-2
09-School-3
09-School-4
09-School-Listening
10. Language Learning
10-Language Learning-1
10-Language Learning-2
10-Language Learning-3
10-Language Learning-4
10-Language Learning-Listening
 TRACKLIST

11. The World of Work 16. Cultural Events

11-The World of Work-1
11-The World of Work-2
11-The World of Work-3
11-The World of Work-4
11-The World of Work-Listening
12. Lifestyle
12-Lifestyle-1
12-Lifestyle-2
16-Cultural Events-1
16-Cultural Events-2
16-Cultural Events-3
16-Cultural Events-4
16-Cultural Events-Listening
17. Sports
17-Sports-1
17-Sports-2

12-Lifestyle-3 17-Sports-3
12-Lifestyle-4 17-Sports-4
12-Lifestyle-Listening 17-Sports-Listening
13. Eating 18. Travelling
13-Eating-1 18-Travelling-1
13-Eating-2 18-Travelling-2
13-Eating-3 18-Travelling-3
13-Eating-4 18-Travelling-4
13-Eating-Listening 18-Travelling-Listening
14. Ilinesses 19. Communication
14-Ilinesses-1 19-Communication-1
14-Illnesses-2 19-Communication-2
14-IlInesses-3 19-Communication-3

14-IlInesses-4
14-Ilinesses-Listening
15. Leisure Time Activities
15-Leisure Time Activities-1
15-Leisure Time Activities-2
15-Leisure Time Activities-3
15-Leisure Time Activities-4
15-Leisure Time Activities-Listening
19-Communication-4
19-Communication-Listening
20. Scientific Progress
20-Scientific Progress-1
20-Scientific Progress-2
20-Scientific Progress-3
20-Scientific Progress-4
20-Scientific Progress-Listening

293
TFamily Relations rire er eeee sete sone saseeseciveesweeeteee 7
2. Human! Relatiomshipsyrccsecs creer cere eee eee reteset elenene a1
3. CeleDrAtrOmns :cssetcncccecesccteee sence teens et eetenenee eee erences eres cost ee vaca roc eaes otncre vied views besesstec 34
4 CONSUMEH SOCICTY eee ee eae eee ee eae eee saee ees 47
BFASIVIONN s eccse coset cvs ceteeeeseeee sae aaaee tee sneer ares ee sence scervectusisinesatcvuctreleesaetstivessssesieiversseeees 61
©. OWSAAG ces cer cae ee eee ee Meee rue sins ices a ves SrsseteceemsSiuedeeussesee ol 75
7) GlODal ISSUCS ar eee ares es recete cesta y es ca tvece ste auenct dick sues veual satevrerrts. Oo eseweastes eater os 89
8. Enviromental ISSUES...........::ccsccceceseeseessecesecsssseeeesersenesssesasesseseessoeseneesnecatesserssess 106
SU SCHOOW..ceciecetsisescescaeecsnrucees tees se tiem ea renee reee ene OE MO ee Nenad tence ee 120
TO. Mamguage ECAnitnGereccoeranccs ence test esrec cre ce tee eee re ee esade cent stats cess oemes ore toeetaeweiaee 135
11, THE Worldy of Worles.c./ccite ee miro oe Mea GU cian cveees 149
$2: LifeStyle teres. eee ceeces ci tecgee ctor recast etereceeree eees tear eet as bet crc bes Sow Succ sa evestanstianesiveese 163
UB EACeck ree nanth tec ceed eat Mince ee ee ees eee sO ee Te ev dest vane dus ceetvnctsescParameeres 178
14. TIIMO@SSES esecccztsicecavacevche race ruaseracceveeee ies eee aee te nsee toete nets ceo es eas cas sve ateeeeeeoeenetecase rete 193
25. Leisure Time ACtintthes iicccir ccc cceccrcccccccscts cece ree cnet tee cnatnc eb sacvsadesee sae coet eee nseses 207
16. Culturals Events: cc cncc eters ree ee eee 222
D7. SOWic sascecie eas re hates epee slate cee repo eee eee eeeeaea nase tases dase vrs ve noes Sones ee eepeen Oe oae 238
18. Travelling rites tec nsceebanetecutedeeeeccre tte reer teen, i ne ne eons 250
abePa @Xo)ahaayer|000)leeee Mer etera eer rosea sees-cosoccoscooooo oo ccon ace cer ee ooc noo sac oc coo cancooLccoS 265
ZONSCIEMUIICIPTOGNOSS oe-cesrercecsececcses teers terete tenet ee eee278
"TACKS oe scessete ss sect hccs acct tus centcttaceta meen ceete ee cancers eenenet ato cov eins Segoe coe raed i vane seeeeener ete 292
TANLALO] SOYZS eres cese eer ce eae eect acne er aera aa a eee a eee eset eaeertsees eee 295

295
 O: >z Rolanc S ert .
senera NyomdaKft., felelés vezeté: Hunya Agnes
 Pon az angol nyelvtudas Dre rns Pere nyujtani. A ae
_ altalanos nyelvi szintje a Kéz6s Eurdpai Referenciakeret dltal meghatarozott B2 STeee
~amely Magyarorszagon a k6zépfoku nyelwvizsgak, illetve az emelt szinti érettségi_
elfogadott szintje. A kétet 20 fejezetettartalmaz, Meen fejezet egy-egy nagyobb
- témakort fed le. Minden kérdéssort egy EmUrryCL szoszedet k6vet. A fejezetek
bemelegit6 feladattal kezdédnek, ami a témara vald een segiti. Aszdbeli
MraseLMC)OM cllcoral](cxteCcryd) aCLeanne)eM oeny4(eaORTORUSCLIC
eyoPAN CACtSalPace OCACORTICLley20)AcitestQue(eyeran
az érettségin és a nyelvvizsgakon eléforduldleggyakoribb kérdésekkel, a mintavalaszok
pedig feldlelik a vizsgakon felmeriild dsszes lehetséges témat. A kérdéssort egy
ETTeTOmae)Mercey.cl6(Ml CONCWE(7came le)leyAR|eet OMTLuancol(sce MgC
fejleszt6 feladat zdrja le. Az dsszes kérdésés valasz,illetve a hallott sz6veg értését fejleszté
ORCCaCeCCie molaOCTULCeCLUECO
CD-n megtalalhatoak a feladatok megoldasai és a ur Uletaeseeeedie
feladatok szévegatiratai is.