ABSTRACT

This paper demonstrates the energy efficiency and the eco-friendly nature of green buildings. The utilization of
new technologies in construction will result in more effective building with green rating. In these days of
progress and development buildings are the largest consumers of water, energy and materials. The concept of
green buildings encourages use of alternate energy, and recycling. Green buildings save water, energy and
material as compared to the conventional buildings. In green buildings there are great thermal insulations,
opportunities for rain water harvesting, arrangement for terrace gardening with ventilation and energy efficient
appliances.

Key Words: Green building, Energy efficiency, Energy consumption, Energy saving, Renewable
energy.

1. INTRODUCTION
Green building consumes less water and boosts energy efficiency. It conserves natural resources, produces
minimal waste and provides healthier environment for residents as compared to a conventional building. Green
building design comprises site planning, design of building envelope, building design with HVAC i.e. heating
ventilation and air conditioning, lighting and water heating. Green buildings also integrate alternate energy
sources to produce energy onsite with well balanced water and waste management. The selection of eco-friendly
materials with recycling facility is another important factor which increases the building’s environmentally
friendly nature. The indoor environmental arrangement with better thermal quality, nice visual comfort and
excellent air quality are maintained [1].

Green building uses lesser electricity as compared to conventional buildings. This is basically because they
depend on passive structural interventions in the design of the building and greatly efficient materials and
technologies in the architectural framework. Green building also comprises on-site energy production with the
help of renewable energy to meet the energy demand. For example, solar thermal arrangement can help to make
hot water and replace the electrical geyser in buildings. Solar PV arrays in buildings help to generate electricity
from the solar energy which can minimize the dependency on grid power [2].

Green buildings use lesser water as compared to normal buildings. By implementing ultra-low-flow fixtures,
dual plumbing design and opportunities for rain water harvesting. Green building not only minimizes the
requirement for water use but also offers on-site supply facilities to meet the water demand. Green buildings
produce little waste by implementing waste management techniques on site. They also utilize waste to energy or
waste to resources procedures to reduce the load on municipal waste management strategies and other harmful
techniques [3].

Green buildings cause minimal pollution during construction. It prevents air and noise pollution during
construction and operation and offers minimized effect on the surrounding environment. Green building offers
better safety, health and sanitation management for the workers and the residents after construction. Green
buildings ensure greater image and prestige in the society [4].

In India there are three basic rating systems. One is GRIHA. GRIHA or Green Rating for Integrated Habitat
Assessment is the country’s own rating system developed by TERI and MNRE, Government of India. Few
worth mentioning names like Commonwealth Games village, New Delhi, Fortis Hospital, Centre for
environment sciences and Engineering Building, IIT Kanpur, Suzlon one earth architecture and various other
buildings has received GRIHA rating. The other two rating system are IGBC i.e. Indian Green Building Council
and BEE i.e. Bureau of Energy Efficiency [5].

The objective of the work is to investigate the need of green buildings in modern world to improve the energy
efficiency without harming the environment. The paper also attempts to indicate the role of renewable energy in
electrification which further helps to strengthen the concept of green building.

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2. METHODOLOGY
2.1 Micro Generation
It generates electric power in a small scale. Micro generation is a method to produce low carbon electrical
power. Electricity consumers adopt this procedure to meet the energy demand. Primarily, small wind turbines
and solar photovoltaic arrays are used. Micro generation equipments are easy to install. The proper use of micro
generation concept at the green building can supplement the regular grid supply.

2.2 Indian Economy

Energy is the most important factor for infrastructure, necessary for the progress of the economy and country’s
welfare. The presence and progress of necessary infrastructure is essential for the enormous growth of the
Indian economy. In the world, India’s power sector is one of the richest and most diverse fields. In India sources
of energy range from fossil based fuel i.e. conventional sources like coal, oil and gas to alternate sources like
wind energy and solar energy. Hence enormous economic progress results in greater electricity demand in India.

2.3 Water conservation

The overall quantity of water that is achieved from rainfall in an area is known as the rainwater legacy of that
zone and the quantity that could be effectively harvested is known as the water harvesting potential. The
equation necessary for calculation of water harvesting potential or volume of water achieved or runoff generated
or harvesting capability is shown as:

Rain water harvested (m3) = Catchment area (m2) × Run off coefficient × Amount of rainfall (mm)

The runoff coefficient is the ratio of the water volume that drains off a surface to the rainfall volume that drops
on the surface.

2.4 Material conservation

For the reduction of wastage rigorous observation and regulation of materials are necessary, with the help of the
government awareness regarding waste can be created. Integration of right material planning and ordering with
higher security is essential. An effective site management and involvement of incentive ideas are also important.
Improvement of material quality and storage options with better way of communication between top
management and workers can improve the growth. The utilization of stable, useful and environmentally friendly
construction material is a key constituent of any good-performance building effort.

2.5 Energy conservation

Utilization of compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) instead of incandescent lamps is an energy efficient concept.
Normally T12 fluorescent light format is employed which uses 40W by tube with 10-18W by electromagnetic
ballast. However, if we replace these lamps with high efficient T8 or T5 light formats then the result is
favorable. Again, LPMV or HPSV lamps can be replaced by metal halide lamps. LED i.e. light emitting diode is
also widely used. It provides good light and it is energy efficient. Improvement of lighting control and use of
utmost daylight with proper maintenance and energy management are essential. The Sun’s energy is the most
important of all the sources of alternate energy. It will be one of the most important sources of non conventional
energy even if we could use a little quantity of it. Solar photovoltaic arrays convert the solar energy straight to
electrical energy. The solar photovoltaic panels in India are primarily utilized for agricultural reason, drinking
water, and domestic electrification. In this country for nearly 300 days in a year the sunshine is obtainable.

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Case I:

Total energy consumption per day = 0.6 + 0.98 + 1.8 + 2.4 + 0.07 + 6 + 5 + 2.2 = 19.05 kWh/day

Monthly energy consumptions in kWh = 19.05 × 30 = 571.5 kWh

Case II:

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Total energy consumption per day = 2.4 + 1.12 + 2.1 + 2.4 + 0.08 + 7.2 + 5 + 3 = 23.3 kWh/day

Monthly energy consumptions in kWh = 23.3 × 30 = 699 kWh

Total saving in energy consumption per month = 699 – 571.5 = 127.5 kWh

3.1 Beneficial inner environment

Every feasible step is to be employed to make certain that materials and building arrangements do not discharge
toxic content and gasses into the inner air. Further actions are to be taken to clear and fortify inner atmosphere
with air filtration and plantation.

3.2 Energy efficient

Every feasible step is to be employed to make certain that the utilization of energy in the building is minimal.
Such types of cooling, heating, and lighting equipments are used that can conserve energy.

3.3 Eco-friendly materials

Every feasible step is to be employed to make certain that materials use for building cause minimum or no
destruction to the global environment.

3.4 Environmental code

Every feasible step is to be employed to make certain that the building can relate the idea and design plan of the
site, the area, and the climate. Actions are to be taken to relate the code of the building to a healthy relationship
between the occupant and nature.

3.5 Suitable design and planning

Every feasible step is to be employed to achieve an energy efficient, long lasting, eco-friendly building with the
help of latest construction technology.

4. Conclusion
In this paper the benefits of green building as compared to the conventional buildings has been shown to get an
idea about the use of energy efficient systems. An economical assessment has also been done to get the energy
consumption and the effect of non conventional energy specifically solar energy and the utilization of compact
fluorescent lamps and other energy efficient electrical equipments to aid the consumer save energy. From the
tabular illustration and mathematical calculation shown above it is certain that green buildings with the help of
renewable energy can make the occupant independent of paying the price to the grid to a certain extent. Hence,
adoption of renewable energy sources can make the buildings efficient enough to sustain India’s economical
growth without harming the environment. Green energy revolution can upgrade the level of living in both urban
and rural areas.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This research was made possible thanks to the support of the high quality equipments available and keen interest
of the authors with several other resources.

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