Citations (Credit to Author/Source)

Text Citation
Bibliography
1. Direct Text Citation
2. Indirect Text Citation

Text Citation
1. Direct Citation: the source is directly mentioned
WHO (2020) states that in order to prevent COVID, Stay at homes.

2. Indirect Text Citation:

In order to prevent COVID, Stay at homes (WHO, 2020).

Agha Muhammad Rehman

Citation:
1. DC: Rehman (2020)
2. ID: (Rehman, 2020)
Detail 1
Author: Muhammad Anwar
Year: 2009
Book: Managing the Managers
Publishers: Feroze Sons Publishers
Location: Lahore

Text Citation
(Last Name, Year)
DC: Anwar (2009)
ID: ……………. (Anwar, 2009)

Bibliographic For the Book

One Author: Last Name, I. (year). Book Name. Place: Publishers
Anwar, M. (2009). Managing Managers. Lahore: Feroze Sons
Detail 2:
Author: Muhammad Ahmed Saad Khan
Year: 2011
Book: Performance Management and Compliance
Publishers: Oxford
Place: London

Text Citation
Direct: Khan (2011) …………
Indirect: …………… (Khan, 2011).

Bibliography
One Author: Last Name, I. (year). Book Name. Place: Publishers
Khan, M. A. S. (2011). Performance Management and Complaince. Lahore: Oxford.

Detail 2:
Author: Saba Shahid, Muhammad Ahmed Saad Khan
Year: 2011
Book: Performance Management and Compliance
Publishers: Oxford
Place: London

Text Citation
Direct: Shahid and Khan (2011)
Indirect: …………… (Shahid & Khan, 2011)

Bibliography
One Author: Last Name, I. (year). Book Name. Place: Publishers
Two Authors: Last, I. & Last Name, I. (Year)……..

Detail 2:
Author: Arsalan Shah, Faiza Zia, Muhammad Ahmed Saad Khan
Year: 2011
Book: Performance Management and Compliance
Publishers: Oxford
Place: London

Text Citation
Direct:
Indirect: …………… (Last, Last, & Last, year)
Bibliography
One Author: Last Name, I. (year). Book Name. Place: Publishers
Three Authors: Shah, A., Zia, F., & Khan, M. A. S. (year)……………………….

Citation of 5 or More than 5 Authors

Authors: Lee Chin Yu, Kola Subair, Yudi Fernando, Tariq Jalees, Manzoor Khalidi
Year: 2011
Book: Performance Management System and its effect on Organizations
Publishers: Punjab Text Bookboard
Place: Lahore

Text Citation:

Direct Citation: Yu et al. (2011)

IDC: (Yu et al., 2011)

Bibliography
Yu, L. C., Subair, K., Fernando, Y., Jalees, T., & Khalidi, M. (2011). Performance
Management System and its Effect on Organizations. Lahore: Punjab Text Bookboard,
 1. , & (in bibliography)
2. Whenever you have more than 2 author ….. , & in indirect text citation

(First author’s Last Name et al., Year)

Et al. = et alia means etc or and others

Bibliography
 Citation of a Research Journal

Research Journal

Volume and Issue

Volume: 10
Issue:
Detail 1
Authors: Tanushri Benerji, Farooq Hassan, Muhammad Murtaza Malik
Year: 2010
Article: Green Marketing and its effect on Employees’ Performance
Journal: Market Forces
Volume: 5
Issue: 2
Pages: 33 to 51

Text Citation

Direct Text Citation: Benerjee, Hassan and Malik (2011)

Indirect Text Citation: (Benerjee, Hassan, & Malik, 2011)
(Last, year)
Bibliography of Journal
Last, I. (year). Article. Journal Name, Volume(issue), pages.
Benerjee, T., Hassan, F., & Malik, M. M. (2010). Green marketing and its effect on
employees’ performance. Market Forces, 5(2), 33-51.

Citation of a Newspaper

Author: James William

Year: Aug 12, 2015
Articles: Increasing Global Warming
Newspaper: Daily Dawn
Pages: 6B

Text Citation
Direct TC: Last (year, month date)…… William (2015, Aug 15)
Indirect Tc: (Last, year, month date) (William, 2015, Aug 15)

Detail 2
Author: Custeau Brown
Date: Nov 24
Year: 2019
Articles: Rising Inflation
Newspaper: The News
Page: 5A

Text Citation
DC:
IDC:

Bibliography
Last, I. (year, month date). Article. Newspaper Name, Page number.
 Citing Multiple Papers/Sources

Detail 1 Detail 3
Detail 2
Authors: Lee Chin Yu, Kola
Subair, Yudi Fernando, Tariq
Author: Muhammad Ahmed Saad Authors: Tanushri Benerji, Farooq Jalees, Manzoor Khalidi
Khan Hassan, Muhammad Murtaza Year: 2019
Year: 2011 Malik
Book: Performance Management
Book: Performance Management Year: 2002 System and its effect on
and Compliance Article: PMS and the Changing Organizations
Publishers: Oxford Dynamics Publishers: Punjab Text Bookboard
Place: London Journal: Market Forces Place: Lahore
Volume: 5
Issue: 2
Pages: 33 to 51
Text Citation
Direct TC
Last name (year) and Last name (Year)
Last name (year), Last name (year) and Last name (year)

Khan (2011), Benerjee, Hassan and Malik (2002) and Yu et al. (2019)

Indirect TC
(last, year; last & last, year; Last et al, year)
(Khan, 2011; Benerjee, Hassan, & Malik, 2002; Yu et al., 2019)

Detail 1
 a. Author: Muhammad Ahmed Saad Khan
Year: 2001
Article: Workplace Bullying and its Antecedents
Journal: South Asian Journal of Management Sciences
Volume: 15
Issue: 3
Pages: 102-121

Bibliography: Khan, M. A. S. (2001). Workplace bullying and its antecedents. South Asian
Journal of Management Sciences, 15(3), 102-121.

Detail 2:

b. Author: Farooq Khan

Year: 2001
Book: Employee Workplace Harrassment and its Penalties in Pakistan
Place: Lahore
Publishers: Feroze Sons

Khan, F. (2001). Employee Workplace Harrassment and its Penalties in Pakistan. Lahore:
Feroze Sons.
Text Citation
Direct Text Citation
Indirect:

Detail 1

Author: Kola Subair, Yudi Fernando Detail 2

Year: 2018 Author: Kola Subair, Yudi Fernando
Book: Revisiting Exchange Rates Year: 2018
Publishers: Willey sons Article: Time Series Analysis
Place: New York Journal: International journal of
Text Citation
1. Direct TC : Detail 1 and Detail 2

2. IDC: (Detail 1; Detail 2)

Bibliography
Bibliography

Citing Online Sources

Author: Adams MacGilla
Year: 2019
Month Date: November 11
Article: The Case Against Boeing
Link: http://www.newyorker.com/
Direct Text Citation

Indirect Text Citation

Bibliography