Lesson 3. in Text Citation

APA style is a set of rules for how you
credit sources by writing citations and

references.
American Psychological Association
In-text citation
References
1. Author(s)’ last name;
2. Publication year; and
3. Page or paragraph number
FORMAT: Direct Quotation (Short)
“…” (Author’s last name, year of
publication, page).
(Khoury, 1990, p. 10)
According to Khoury (1990), "Students
had difficulty using APA citation style,
because it was their first time" (p. 199).
He stated, "Students had difficulty
using APA style" (Khoury, 1990, p.
199).
FORMAT: Direct Quotation (Long)
Direct quotations that are 40 words or
longer should be placed in a free-standing
block of typewritten lines without
quotation marks.
FORMAT: Direct Quotation (Long)
The quotation should be started on a
new line, indented 1/2 inch from the
left margin.
FORMAT: Summary and Paraphrase
According to Khoury (1990), APA 6th
edition style is difficult for first-time
learners.
FORMAT: Summary and Paraphrase
APA referencing is a difficult citation
format for first-time learners
(Khoury, 1990).
FORMAT: Multiple and Unknown Authors
Work by Two (2) Authors:
Research by Khoury and Farah (1994)
supported…
It is considered that first-time learners find
APA referencing difficult (Khoury & Farah,
1994)
• Research by Khoury and Farah (1994)
supported…
• It is considered that first-time learners find APA
referencing difficult (Khoury & Farah, 1994)
Work by Three (3) to Five (5) Authors
• “…” (Author 1, Author 2, & Author 3, year)
• As mentioned by Author 1, Author 2, and
Author 3 (year)…
(Kernis, Cornell, Sun, Berry, & Harlow, 1993)
• “…” (Author 1 et al., year)
• Furthermore, research by Author 1 et al. (year)
suggests that…
(Kernis et al., 1993)

Work by Six (6) or More Authors

• “…” (Author 1 et al., year)
• Author 1 et al. (year) argued…
• Harris et al. (2001) argued that…
• (Harris et al., 2001)
Unknown Author
• In Title of Book (year)…
• As mentioned in “Article Title”
(year)…
• (Title of Book/Article, year)
Unknown Author
• According to “Using Citations” (2001) …
• (“Using Citations”, 2001)
Authors with the Same Last Name
• As explained by A. Author (year), …
• (A. Author, year), (B. Author, year)
FORMAT: Organization as an Author
• According to Name of Organization (ABB, year), …

• (Name of Organization [ABB], year)
• According to Doctors Without Borders (2000), …

• (Doctors Without Borders, 2000)
• If there is a well-known abbreviation for the organization,
• Put the abbreviation in the parenthesis if the organization’s
name is in the signal phrase; or
• If the name of the organization is in the parenthetical citation,
put the abbreviation after the name, enclosed in brackets.
• As mentioned by the Philippine Regulation
Commission (PRC, 2018), …
• (Philippine Regulation Commission [PRC], 2018)
Use only the abbreviation if the organization is used
in later citations.
• In another memorandum by the PRC (2018), …

• (PRC, 2018)
FORMAT: Multiple Works
Two (2) or More Works in the Same
Parentheses
Two (2) or More Works in the Same Parentheses
(Author 1, year; Author 2, year; …)

Two (2) or More Works in the Same Parentheses
(Berndt, 2002; Harlow, 1983)

However, it quickly became apparent that some blue light
was necessary for normal growth and development of
sorghum (Britz and Sager, 1990), soybean (Britz and Sager,
1990; Dougher and Bugbee, 2001a; Wheeler et al., 1991),
wheat (Barnes and Bugbee, 1992; Dougher and Bugbee,
2001a; Goins et al., 1997), lettuce (Dougher and Bugbee,
2001a; Hoenecke et al., 1992; Yorio et al., 2001), pepper
(Brown et al., 1995), spinach, and radish (Yorio et al.,
2001).
Two (2) or More Works by the Same Author in the
Same Parentheses
(Author, year, year, …)

Two (2) or More Works by the Same Author in the
Same Parentheses
(Hoffa, 1956, 1962, 1975)
Two or More Works by the Same Author in the Same
Year
• As mentioned by (Author, yeara), …

• (Author, yeara), (Author, yearb), …
Year
• Research by Berndt (1981a) illustrated that…
• (Berndt, 1981a)
All lines after the first line of each entry in the
reference list should be indented one-half inch
from the left margin. This is called a hanging
indention.
Last Name, Initials.
Manalang, M. A. R.
Reference list entries should be alphabetized by
the last name of the first author of each work.
• If a reference has no author, cite it by its title,
and include it in the alphabetical list using the
first significant word of the title.
• References should not be numbered.
• If there is no date, the abbreviation n.d. may
be used.
FORMAT: Regarding Authors
Works with a Single Author
Berndt, T. J. (2002). Friendship quality and
social development. Current Directions in
Psychological Science, 11, 7-10.
Works with Two Authors
Wegener, D. T., & Petty, R. E. (1994). Mood
management across affective states: The
hedonic contingency hypothesis. Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 1034-1048.
Works with Three to Seven Authors
Kernis, M. H., Cornell, D. P., Sun, C. R., Berry, A.,
Harlow, T., & Bach, J. S. (1993). There’s more to self-
esteem than whether it is high or low: The importance
of stability of self-esteem. Journal of Personality and
Social Psychology, 65, 1190-1204.
Works with More than Seven Authors
Miller, F. H., Choi, M. J., Angeli, L. L., Harland, A. A.,
Stamos, J. A., Thomas, S. T., … Rublin, L. H. (2009).
Web site usability for the blind and low-vision user.
Technical Communication, 57, 323-335.
Organization as Author
American Psychological Association (2009). Blog
guidelines. APA Style Blog. Retrieved from
https://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/blog-
guidelines.html
Unknown Author
Famine relief: Just a simple matter of supplying food?
(2002). Nutrition Noteworthy, 5(1). Retrieved from
http://escholarship.org/uc/uclabiolchem_nutritionnotewor
thy.
Two or More Works by the Same Author/s
Acelajado, M. J. (2007). Using internet: a teaching strategy for sketching
graphs of equations. Electronic Journal of Mathematics and Technology, 1(3),
296-304.
Acelajado, M. J. (2011). Blended learning: a strategy for improving the
mathematics achievement of students in a bridging program. Electronic
Journal of Mathematics and Technology, 5(3), 342-352.
Year
Morales, R. C. (2012a). Compliment responses across genders in
Philippine context. The Southeast Asian Journal of English Language
Studies, 8(1), 47-60.
Morales, R. C. (2012b). Conclusions in research articles: A Filipino-
Japanese contrastive rhetoric study. Philippine ESL Journal, 8, 83-95.
Books
Author, F. N. (publication date). Title of
the Book (nth Ed.). Place of Publication:
Publisher.
American Psychological Association.
(2010). Concise rules of APA style (6th ed.).
Washington, DC: American Psychological
Association.
E-books
Author, F. N. (publication date). Title of the

Book (nth Ed.). Place of Publication:
Publisher. Retrieved from URL.
Castillo, C. (2016). Social support: Gender differences,
psychological importance and impacts on well-being. New
York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc. Retrieved from
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=e
000xww&AN=1286279&site=ehost-live
FORMAT: Journal Article

Author, F. N. (publication date). Title of

Article. Journal Article, Volume(Issue).
Page numbers. DOI link (if any)
Gervacio, S. V., Lim, Y. F., & Maehara, H. (2008).
Planar unit-distance graphs having planar unit-
distance complement. Discrete Mathematics 308(10).
1973-1984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.disc.2007.04.050
Webpage
Author, F. N. (publication date). Webpage
title. Retrieved from URL
Venière, S. (n. d.). Histoire du monde occidental.
Retrieved from
http://histoireoccidentale.wordpress.com/
Website Document
(Electronic)
Author, F. N. (publication date).
Document Title. Retrieved from URL
Brunner, G. W. (1995). HEC-RAS River Analysis System.
Hydraulic User's Manual. Version 1.0. Retrieved from
https://www.hec.usace.army.mil/software/hecras/docume
ntation/HEC-RAS%205.0%20Users%20Manual.pdf
FORMAT: Video/s
Primary contributors. (Publication date). Title [Genre].
Container title. URL
FORMAT: Video/s
Scribbr. (2020, August 20). Develop a theoretical
framework in three steps [Video]. YouTube.
https://youtu.be/4y1BAqOnhMM

Lesson 3. in Text Citation

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lesson 3. in Text Citation

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

APA style is a set of rules for how you

credit sources by writing citations and

(Kernis et al., 1993)

Work by Six (6) or More Authors

• According to Name of Organization (ABB, year), …

• According to Doctors Without Borders (2000), …

• In another memorandum by the PRC (2018), …

(Author 1, year; Author 2, year; …)

(Berndt, 2002; Harlow, 1983)

(Author, year, year, …)

• As mentioned by (Author, yeara), …

Author, F. N. (publication date). Title of the

FORMAT: Journal Article

Author, F. N. (publication date). Title of

You might also like