Exercise 6F

1 a Rearrange the formula Y = 4X – 6 to get an expression for X in terms of Y:

Y = 4 X - 6 gives
Y +6
X=
4
Y 3
X= +
4 2
æ Y 3ö 1 3
E( X ) = E ç + ÷ = E(Y ) +
è 4 2ø 4 2
1 3 1 3
= ´2+ = + = 2
4 2 2 2

2
æY 3ö æ1ö
b Var( X ) = Var ç + ÷ = ç ÷ Var(Y )
è 4 2ø è4ø
1
= ´ 32 = 2
16

c Standard deviation = Var( X ) = 2 = 1.4142 (4 d.p.)

2 a Rearrange the formula get an expression for X in terms of Y:

2Y = 4 - 3X
3X = 4 - 2Y
4 - 2Y
X=
3
4 2
X= - Y
3 3
æ4 2 ö 4 2
E( X ) = E ç - Y ÷ = - E(Y )
è3 3 ø 3 3
4 2
= - (-1) = 2
3 3

2
æ 4 2Y ö æ 2ö
b Var( X ) = Var ç - ÷ = ç - ÷ Var(Y )
è3 3 ø è 3ø
4
= ´9= 4
9

c Var( X ) = E( X 2 ) - (E( X ))2

So E( X 2 ) = Var( X ) + (E( X ))2
= 4 + 22 = 8

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3 Rearranging the formula for Y to get an expression for X gives:
Y 3
X= -
2 2

æ Y 3ö 1 3
E( X ) = E ç - ÷ = E(Y ) -
è 2 2ø 2 2
1 3 3 5
= ´ 8 - = 4 - = = 2.5
2 2 2 4

E( X ) =  xP( X = x ) = 2.5
0.3 + 2a + 3b + 4 ´ 0.2 = 2.5
2a + 3b + 1.1 = 2.5
2a + 3b = 1.4 (1)

 P( X = x ) = 1
So 0.3 + a + b + 0.2 = 1
a + b = 0.5 ( 2)

2 ´ ( 2)  2a + 2b = 1 ( 3)
(1) - ( 3)  b = 0.4
From ( 2) a + 0.4 = 0.5  a = 0.1

Solution:
a = 0.1, b = 0.4

4 a The probability distribution of Y is:

y 1 0 –1
P(Y = y) a b 0.3

E(Y ) = a + 0 ´ b - 1´ 0.3 = a - 0.3

As a + b + 0.3 = 1, 0 £ a £ 0.7
max a = 0.7  E(Y ) = 0.4
min a = 0  E(Y ) = -0.3
So range of possile values for E(Y ) is - 0.3 £ E(Y ) £ 0.4

b E(Y ) = 0.2 gives 0.2 = a - 0.3  a = 0.5

As probabilities sum to 1:
a + b + 0.3 = 1  b = 1 - 0.3 - 0.5 = 0.2

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