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Polynomials
Solution:
(i) 3x2 – 4x + 15
It is a polynomial of x.
(ii) y2 + 2√3
It is a polynomial of y.
(iv) x – 4/x
It is not a polynomial since the exponent of – 4/x is not a positive term.
Solution:
(i) 17 – 2x + 7x2
Coefficient of x2 = 7
(ii) 9 – 12x + x3
Coefficient of x2 =0
RD Sharma Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 6 Factorization of
Polynomials
(iii) ∏/6 x2 – 3x + 4
Coefficient of x2 = ∏/6
(iv) √3x – 7
Coefficient of x2 = 0
Solution:
As we know, degree is the highest power in the polynomial
(i) Degree of the polynomial 7x3 + 4x2 – 3x + 12 is 3
(ii) Degree of the polynomial 12 – x + 2x3 is 3
(iii) Degree of the polynomial 5y – is 1
(iv) Degree of the polynomial 7 is 0
(v) Degree of the polynomial 0 is undefined.
Question 4: Classify the following polynomials as linear, quadratic, cubic and biquadratic
polynomials:
(i) x + x2 + 4
(ii) 3x – 2
(iii) 2x + x2
(iv) 3y
(v) t2 + 1
(v) 7t4 + 4t3 + 3t – 2
Solution:
(i) x + x2 + 4: It is a quadratic polynomial as its degree is 2.
(ii) 3x – 2 : It is a linear polynomial as its degree is 1.
(iii) 2x + x2: It is a quadratic polynomial as its degree is 2.
(iv) 3y: It is a linear polynomial as its degree is 1.
(v) t2+ 1: It is a quadratic polynomial as its degree is 2.
(vi) 7t4 + 4t3 + 3t – 2: It is a biquadratic polynomial as its degree is 4.
RD Sharma Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 6 Factorization of
Polynomials
Question 2: Verify whether the indicated numbers are zeros of the polynomials corresponding to
them in the following cases:
(i) f(x) = 3x + 1, x = −1/3
(ii) f(x) = x2 – 1, x = 1,−1
(iii) g(x) = 3x2 – 2 , x = 2/√3 , −2/√3
(iv) p(x) = x3 – 6x2 + 11x – 6 , x = 1, 2, 3
(v) f(x) = 5x – π, x = 4/5
(vi) f(x) = x2 , x = 0
(vii) f(x) = lx + m, x = −m/l
(viii) f(x) = 2x + 1, x = 1/2
Solution:
f(x) = 3x + 1
RD Sharma Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 6 Factorization of
Polynomials
f( −1/3) = 3(−1/3) + 1
= -1 + 1
=0
f(x) = x2 – 1
Substitute x = 1 in f(x)
f(1) = 12 – 1
=1–1
=0
f(-1) = (−1)2 – 1
=1–1
=0
Since , the results when x = 1 and x = -1 are 0, so (1 , -1) are the roots of the polynomial f(x) = x2 – 1
g(x) = 3x2 – 2
g(2/√3) = 3(2/√3)2 – 2
RD Sharma Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 6 Factorization of
Polynomials
= 3(4/3) – 2
=4–2
=2≠0
g(2/√3) = 3(-2/√3)2 – 2
= 3(4/3) – 2
=4–2
=2≠0
Since, the results when x = 2/√3 and x = −2/√3) are not 0. Therefore (2/√3 , −2/√3 ) are not zeros of
3x2–2.
f(4/5) = 5 x 4/5 – π = 4 – π ≠ 0
(vi) f(x) = x2 , x = 0
f(0) = 02 = 0
f(−m/l) = l x −m/l + m = -m + m = 0
(viii) f(x) = 2x + 1, x = ½
f(1/2) = 2x 1/2 + 1 = 1 + 1 = 2 ≠ 0
Put g(x) =0
=> x + 4 = 0 or x = -4
Remainder = f(-4)
Now,
f(-4) = (-4)3 + 4(-4)2 – 3(-4) + 10 = -64 + 64 + 12 + 10 = 22
Actual Division:
Remainder = f(1)
Now,
f(1) = 4(1)4 – 3(1)3 – 2(1)2 + (1) – 7 = 4 – 3 – 2 + 1 – 7 = -7
Actual Division:
RD Sharma Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 6 Factorization of
Polynomials
Put g(x) = 0
=> x + 2 = 0 or x = -2
Remainder = f(-2)
Now,
Actual Division:
RD Sharma Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 6 Factorization of
Polynomials
Put g(x) =0
=> 2x -1 =0 or x = 1/2
Remainder = f(1/2)
Now,
Actual Division:
RD Sharma Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 6 Factorization of
Polynomials
Put g(x) = 0
=> 1 – 2x = 0 or x = 1/2
Remainder = f(1/2)
Now,
Actual Division:
RD Sharma Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 6 Factorization of
Polynomials
Put g(x) = 0
=> x - 2 = 0 or x = 2
Remainder = f(2)
Now,
Actual Division:
RD Sharma Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 6 Factorization of
Polynomials
Solution:
f(x) = 9x3 – 3x2 + x – 5, g(x) = x – 2/3
Put g(x) = 0
=> x - 2/3 = 0 or x = 2/3
Remainder = f(2/3)
Now,
Actual Division:
RD Sharma Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 6 Factorization of
Polynomials
RD Sharma Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 6 Factorization of
Polynomials
g(x) = x -3 = 0
or x = 3
Remainder = f(3)
Now,
f(3) = (3)3 – 6(3)2 +11 x 3 – 6
= 27 - 54 + 33 - 6
= 60 – 60
= 0
Therefore, g(x) is a factor of f(x)
g(x) = x + 5 = 0, then x = -5
Remainder = f(-5)
Now,
f(3) = 3(-5)4 + 17(-5)3 + 9(-5)2 – 7(-5) – 10
= 3 x 625 + 17 x (-125) + 9 x (25) – 7 x (-5) – 10
= 1875 -2125 + 225 + 35 – 10
=0
Therefore, g(x) is a factor of f(x).
g(x) = x + 3 = 0, then x = -3
RD Sharma Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 6 Factorization of
Polynomials
Remainder = f(-3)
Now,
f(-3) = (-3)5 + 3(-3)4 – (-3)3 – 3(-3)2 + 5(-3) + 15
= -243 + 3 x 81 -(-27)-3 x 9 + 5(-3) + 15
= -243 +243 + 27-27- 15 + 15
=0
= 0/4
=0
Now,
f(1) = (1)3 – 6(1)2 + 11(1) – 6 = 1-6+11-6= 12- 12 = 0
Question 8: Show that (x – 2), (x + 3) and (x – 4) are factors of x3 – 3x2 – 10x + 24.
Solution:
Now,
f(2) = (2)3 – 3(2)2 – 10 x 2 + 24 = 8 – 12 – 20 + 24 = 32 – 32 = 0
f(2) = 0
f(-3) = 0
f(4) = 0
Question 9: Show that (x + 4), (x – 3) and (x – 7) are factors of x3 – 6x2 – 19x + 84.
Solution:
Let f(x) = x3 – 6x2 – 19x + 84
If x + 4 = 0, then x = -4
If x – 3 = 0, then x = 3
and if x – 7 = 0, then x = 7
Now,
f(-4) = (-4)3 – 6(-4)2 – 19(-4) + 84 = -64 – 96 + 76 + 84 = 160 – 160 = 0
f(-4) = 0
f(7) = 0
Let x + 1 = 0
=> x = -1
= -1 + 6 -11 + 6
= 12 – 12
=0
Let x + 2 = 0
=> x = -2
Let x + 3 = 0
RD Sharma Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 6 Factorization of
Polynomials
=> x = -3
Question 2: x3 + 2x2 – x – 2
Solution:
Let f(x) = x3 + 2x2 – x – 2
Constant term = -2
Let x – 1 = 0
=> x = 1
Let x + 1 = 0
=> x = -1
(x + 1) is a factor of f(x)
Let x + 2 = 0
=> x = -2
(x + 2) is a factor of f(x)
Let x - 2 = 0
=> x = 2
Question 3: x3 – 6x2 + 3x + 10
Solution:
Let f(x) = x3 – 6x2 + 3x + 10
Constant term = 10
Factors of 10 are ±1, ±2, ±5, ±10
Let x + 1 = 0 or x = -1
f(-1) = (-1)3 – 6(-1)2 + 3(-1) + 10 = 10 – 10 = 0
f(-1) = 0
Let x + 2 = 0 or x = -2
f(-2) = (-2)3 – 6(-2)2 + 3(-2) + 10 = -8 – 24 – 6 + 10 = -28
f(-2) ≠ 0
Let x - 2 = 0 or x = 2
f(2) = (2)3 – 6(2)2 + 3(2) + 10 = 8 – 24 + 6 + 10 = 0
f(2) = 0
Let x - 5 = 0 or x = 5
f(5) = (5)3 – 6(5)2 + 3(5) + 10 = 125 – 150 + 15 + 10 = 0
f(5) = 0
Therefore, (x + 1), (x – 2) and (x-5) are factors of f(x)
Let x - 1 = 0 or x = 1
f(1) = (1)4 – 7(1)3 + 9(1)2 + 7(1) – 10 = 1 – 7 + 9 + 7 -10 = 0
f(1) = 0
Let x + 1 = 0 or x = -1
f(-1) = (-1)4 – 7(-1)3 + 9(-1)2 + 7(-1) – 10 = 1 + 7 + 9 - 7 -10 = 0
f(-1) = 0
Let x - 2 = 0 or x = 2
f(2) = (2)4 – 7(2)3 + 9(2)2 + 7(2) – 10 = 16 – 56 + 36 + 14 – 10 = 0
f(2) = 0
Let x - 5 = 0 or x = 5
f(5) = (5)4 – 7(5)3 + 9(5)2 + 7(5) – 10 = 625 – 875 + 225 + 35 – 10 = 0
f(5) = 0
Let x - 1 = 0 or x = 1
f(1) = (1)4 – 2(1)3 - 7(1)2 + 8(1) + 12 = 1 – 2 – 7 + 8 + 12 = 12
f(1) ≠ 0
Let x + 1 = 0 or x = -1
f(-1) = (-1)4 – 2(-1)3 - 7(-1)2 + 8(-1) + 12 = 1 + 2 – 7 - 8 + 12 = 0
f(-1) = 0
RD Sharma Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 6 Factorization of
Polynomials
Let x +2 = 0 or x = -2
f(-2) = (-2)4 – 2(-2)3 - 7(-2)2 + 8(-2) + 12 = 16 + 16 – 28 - 16 + 12 = 0
f(-2) = 0
Let x - 2 = 0 or x = 2
f(2) = (2)4 – 2(2)3 - 7(2)2 + 8(2) + 12 = 16 - 16 – 28 + 16 + 12 = 0
f(2) = 0
Let x - 3 = 0 or x = 3
f(3) = (3)4 – 2(3)3 - 7(3)2 + 8(3) + 12 = 0
f(3) = 0
Let x + 1 = 0 or x = -1
f(-1) = (-1)4 + 10(-1)3 + 35(-1)2 + 50(-1) + 24 = 1 – 10 + 35 – 50 + 24 = 0
f(1) = 0
(x + 1) is a factor of f(x)
Likewise, (x + 2),(x + 3),(x + 4) are also the factors of f(x)
Let x - 1 = 0 or x = 1
f(1) = 2(1)4 - 7(1)3 - 13(1)2 + 63(1) – 45 = 2 – 7 – 13 + 63 – 45 = 0
f(1) = 0
RD Sharma Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 6 Factorization of
Polynomials
Let x - 3 = 0 or x = 3
f(3) = 2(3)4 - 7(3)3 - 13(3)2 + 63(3) – 45 = = 162 – 189 – 117 + 189 – 45= 0
f(3) = 0
=(x-3)(2x2+6x – 5x -15)
= (x-3)(2x-5)(x+3)
= (x-3)(x+3)(2x-5) ….(2)
Question 2: If x = 1/2 is a zero of the polynomial f(x) = 8x^3 + ax^2 - 4x + 2, find the value of a.
Solution:
8 x 1/8 + a/4 - 2 + 2 = 0
1 + a/4 = 0
a = -4
Question 3: Write the remainder when the polynomial f(x) = x^3 + x^2 - 3x + 2 is divided by x + 1.
Solution:
Using factor theorem,
Put x + 1 = 0 or x = -1
Now,
f(-1) = (-1)^3 + (-1)^2 - 3(-1) + 2
= -1 + 1 + 3 + 2
=5
Solution:
Using factor theorem,
Put x = 0
Now,
f(0) = 0^3 + 4(0)^2 + 4x0 -3 = -3
Therefore -3 is the remainder.
Question 6: If f(x) = x^4 - 2x^3 + 3x^2 – ax – b when divided by x – 1, the remainder is 6, then find
the value of a+b.
Solution:
1–2+3–a -b=6
2–a-b=6
a + b = -4