Alazhar University – Gaza Course Code: ITCE5355

Faculty of Engineering & Information Course Name: satellite communications

Technology

Instructor: Dr. Eng. Fawzy Abujarad

HW1

Q1-
a) What are the different types of satellites?
-Astronomical satellites
-Biosatellites
-Communication satellites
-Earth observation satellites
-Navigational satellites
-Miniaturized satellites
-Reconnaissance satellites
-Recovery satellites
-Space-based solar power satellites
-Tether satellites
-Weather satellites

b) Mention the different services of satellite systems.

- Fixed satellite service (FSS)
- Broadcasting satellite service (BSS)
- Mobile satellite services
- Navigational satellite services
- Meteorological satellite services

Q2-
a) What is meant by polar orbiting? Explain in detail.
Orbit the earth such a way as to cover the north and south polar regions‡
A satellite in a polar orbit passes above or nearly above both poles of the planet
(or other celestial body) on each revolution.
It therefore has an inclination of (or very close to) 90 degrees to the equator.‡
Since the satellite has a fixed orbital plane perpendicular to the planet's
rotation, it will pass over a region with a different longitude on each of its
orbits.‡
Polar orbits are often used for earth-mapping-, earth observation- and
reconnaissance satellites, as well as some weather satellites.

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 b) Define prograde orbit and retrograde orbit.
- Prograde or direct motion is more normal motion in the same direction
as the primary rotates.
- Retrograde motion is orbital or rotational motion of an object in the
direction opposite the rotation of its primary, that is, the central object.

c) Define ascending node and descending node.

- ascending node is the node where the orbiting secondary passes away
from the observer.
- descending node is the node where it moves towards the observer.

d) What is meant by argument of perigee?

The angle or arc, as seen from a focus of an elliptical orbit, from the
ascending node to the closest approach of the orbiting body to the focus,
the angle is measured in the orbital plane in the direction of motion of the
orbiting body. Also known as argument of perihelion.

Q3-

Write a short report on Eutelsat

• Eutelsat S.A. is a French-based satellite provider. Providing coverage over

the entire European continent, as well as the Middle East, Africa, India and
significant parts of Asia and the Americas, it is one of the world's three
leading satellite operators in terms of revenues.
• Eutelsat’s satellites are used for broadcasting 3,800 television and 1100
radio stations to over 200 million cable and satellite homes. They also
serve requirements for TV contribution services, corporate networks,
mobile positioning and communications, Internet backbone connectivity
and broadband access for terrestrial, maritime and in-flight applications

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