FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCES

LABORATORY REPORT

FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

(CHM 432)

Title of Experiment CALORIMETRY: HESS’S LAW

No. Experiment 1

Name of student SYAZA EMMYSHYA BINTI ZAHARUDIN

Student ID number 2020853022

Programme code AS245

Partner’s name

Date of experiment is done 22 October 2020

Date of lab report is submitted 5 November 2020

Lecturer’s name DR. NORAINI BINTI HAMZAH

Instructor’s name
Objectives:

1) To compare the heat capacities of a coffee cup calorimeter and a copper calorimeter.

2) To determine the standard enthalpy if formation of a magnesium oxide, ∆H f.

Data
1) Graph Temperature°c vs Time,min of coffee cup calorimeter
2) Graph Temperature°c vs Time,min of copper calorimeter
3) Graph Temperature°c vs Time,min of Mg and HCl
4) Graph Temperature°c vs Time,min of MgO and HCl
Discussion
Heat capacities of coffee cup calorimeter and copper calorimeter:

Q Cal for coffee cup calorimeter Q cal for copper calorimeter

Q hot= mc∆T Q hot= mc∆T
= 50g (4.18 J/g °C) (42.0°C - 32.5°C) = 50g (4.18 J/g °C) (42.0°C - 33.0°C)
= 1985.5 J = 1881 J

Q cold= mc∆T Q cold= mc∆T

= 50g (4.18 J/g °C) (32.5°C - 24.5°C)
= 50g (4.18 J/g °C) (33.0°C - 24.5°C)
= 1672 J
= 1776.5 J
Q hot = Q cold + Q cal
1985.5 J = 1672 J + Q cal Q hot = Q cold + Q cal
Q cal = 1985.5 J – 1672 J 1881 J = 1776.5 J + Q cal
Q cal= 313.5 J Qcal = 1881 J – 1776.5 J
Q cal = 104.5 J
Q cal = C cal ( Tf - Tc)
313.5 J = Ccal (32.5°C - 24.5°C)
Ccal = 39.19 J Q cal = C cal ( Tf - Tc)
104.5 J = Ccal (33.0°C - 24.5°C)
Ccal = 12.29 J

The capacity of both calorimeter have different temperature change, this is because copper
conducts heat more effectively than coffee cup. The calorimeter will carry heat away to the
surrounding faster than the coffee cup.
The heat reaction for reactions 2 and 3 :

Chemical Equation:

Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2

MgO + 2HCl → MgCl2

Mol HCl(n) = (2)(50) / 1000

= 0.1 mol

Mol Mg(n) = 1.0265 g / 24.3 g mol-1

= 0.0422 mol (limiting reactant)

Q = mc∆T + c∆T
= (50)(4.18)(63.5 - 24.5) + (39.9)(63.5 - 24.5)
= 9679.41 J
= 9.68 k J

∆Hrxn = -Q / n
= -9.68k J / 0.0422 mol
= - 229.38 kJ mol-1

Mol HCl (n) = (2)(50) / 1000

= 0.1 mol

Mol MgO (n) = 1.6589g / 40.3 gmol-1

= 0.04116 mol

Q = mc∆T + c∆T
=(50)(4.18)(43.0-24.5) + (39.19)(43.0-24.5)
=4591.515 J
=4.59 k J

∆Hrxn = -Q / n
= -4.59 kJ / 0.04116 mol
= -111.52 kJ mol-1

∆H =mc∆T (Hydrogen)
= -285.8 kJ mol-1
Chemical equation 2,3,4 can be added to formed equation 1:

Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2 --------② ∆H = - 229.38 kJ mol-1

MgO + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2O -------③ ∆H = -111.52 kJ mol-1

H2 + 1/2 O2 → H2O ------------- ④ ∆H = -285.8 k J mol-1

Solution:

Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2 --------② ∆H = - 229.38 kJ mol-1

MgCl2 + H2O →MgO + 2HCl -------③ ∆H = +111.52 kJ mol-1

H2 + 1/2 O2 → H2O ------------- ④ ∆H = -285.8 kJ mol-1

Mg + 1/2 O2 → MgO -----------①

∆Hrxn = - 229.38 kJ mol-1 + 111.52 kJ mol-1 + ( -285.8 kJ mol-1) = - 403.66 kJ mol-1

Based on the calculation, the standard enthalpy formation of MgO is -403.66 kJ mol-1

The theoretical value of enthalpy formation of MgO is -601.8 KJ/mol

Percent error = (actual value/theoretical value) x 100

= (-403.66 kJ mol-1 / -601.8 kJ mol-1 ) × 100

= 67.08%
Conclusion

This experiment conducted to compare the heat capacities of a coffee cup calorimeter and a
copper calorimeter which is 39.19 J and 12.29 J respectively. The standard ethalpy of
formation of magnesium oxide, ∆H also can be determined during this experiment. The ∆H°f
of magnesium oxide is found to be -403.66 kJ/mol. Thus, the objectives of this experiment is
successfully achieved.

References

i. Coffee Cup Calorimeter by Gary L. Bertrand, 2020 retrieved from

http://web.mst.edu/~gbert/cupcal/disc.htm

ii. Docbrown.info. 2020. Methods Of Measuring Heat Transfers Using A Calorimeter

Calculation From Results Data Observations Gcse Notes KS4 Science Igcse O Level
Chemistry Revision. [online] Available at:
http://www.docbrown.info/page03/3_51energyD.htm

iii. Faculty.sites.uci.edu. 2020. [online] Available at:

http://faculty.sites.uci.edu/chem1l/files/2013/11/C01aMANDHMgO.pdf