RITIK TIWARI 28-08-2020

2k18/EP/064

AIM
TO OBSERVE AND EXPLAIN FIELDS PATTERN OF VARIOUS MODES
INSIDE A RECTANGULAR WAVEGUIDE.

Conclusions and Results

A Rectangular waveguide is a hollow tube with rectangular cross section which
guides EM waves through it which results in transfer of energy flux through it.
A wave propagates in the waveguide only if the frequency of the propagating
wave is above a certain frequency which depends on the waveguide below which
signal gets attenuated and above which it is easily transmitted.
For propagation in the waveguide we have different modes of propagation.
Transverse electric (TE) and Transverse magnetic (TM).
(All Modes are given with Frequency of 10Ghz)

Transverse Electric mode

No electric field in the direction of propagation. These are sometimes called
H modes because there is only a magnetic field along the direction of propa-
gation (H is the conventional symbol for magnetic field). Transverse electric
mode(T Emn ) modes in a rectangular waveguide are characterized by Ez = 0
, Hz 6= 0. Thus, the z-component of the magnetic field must exist for energy
transmission to occur. Solving the Helmholtz equation gives the solution :

∇ 2 Hz = γ 2 Hz (1)
mπx nπy −jβz
Hz = H0z cos( ) cos( )e (2)
a b
where m,n=0,1,2,3...... The components of the magnetic field and the other
components of the electric field can then be calculated using the Maxwell equa-
tions.

T E00 mode
Using above given equations and boundary conditions we can find out the pat-
ters of EM fields in each of XYZ planes.

1
T E00 mode for Electri field

T E00 mode for magneti field

2
T E01 mode

T E01 mode for electric field

T E01 mode for magnetic field

3
T E10 mode

T E10 mode for electric field

T E10 mode for magnetic field

4
T E11 mode

T E11 mode for electric field

T E11 mode for magnetic field

Transverse Magnetic mode

Transverse magnetic mode : No magnetic field in the direction of propagation.
These are sometimes called E modes because there is only an electric field along
the direction of propagation. Transverse magnetic mode(Mmn ) modes in a
rectangular waveguide are characterized by Hz = 0, Ez 6= 0. Thus, the z-
component of the electric field must exist for energy transmission to occur. The
Helmholtz Equation gives the solution:

∇2 Ez = γ 2 Ez (3)
mπx nπy −jβz
Ez = Eoz sin( )sin( )e (4)
a b

5
T M00 mode

T M00 mode for electric field

T M00 mode for magnetic field

6
T M01 mode

T M01 mode for electric field

T M01 mode for magnetic field

7
T M10 mode

T M10 mode for electric field

T M10 mode for magnetic field

8
T M11 mode

T M11 mode for electric field

T M11 mode for magnetic field

Conclusion
We observed the electric and magnetic field patterns for different modes in xy, yz, xz
planes.
The T M00 , T M01 , T M10 , T E00 modes do not exist in the waveguide.T E10 mode is
dominant because of lowest cutoff frequency for a≤b.
We can observe the field pattern from different views using these graph and can phys-
ically understand the boundary condition, reflectance, and superposition etc. in dif-
ferent modes. We can find about dominant and nonexistent modes from the equations
and analysis of graphs