9

Transmission line

Dr. Maha Raouf

2022/2023
Rectangular Waveguide
Rectangular Waveguide
 The hollow rectangular waveguide can propagate TM and TE modes but not TEM waves since only
one conductor is present.

H
E
E x
H

TE mode
General Solutions For TEM, TE, And TM Waves
 The procedure for analyzing TE and TM waveguides can be summarized as follows:

1. Solve the reduced Helmholtz equation, for hz or ez . The solution will contain several unknown
constants and the unknown cutoff wave number, kc.
2. Find the transverse fields from hz or ez .
3. Apply the boundary conditions to the appropriate field components to find the unknown
constants and kc.
4. The propagation constant is given by β and the wave impedance by ZTE or ZTM.
 Rectangular Waveguide
TE mode (Ez=0)

 The reduced Helmholtz equation

 Solved by the method of separation of variables

Rectangular Waveguide

 Apply the boundary conditions on the electric field components tangential to the waveguide
walls

 To apply B.C., we must find ex and ey from hz:

Rectangular Waveguide

Amn is an arbitrary amplitude constant

composed of the remaining constants A
and C
Rectangular Waveguide
Rectangular Waveguide

 The propagation constant :

 The cutoff frequency fcmn given

Rectangular Waveguide
Dominant TE mode in Rectangular Waveguide
 The mode with the lowest cutoff frequency is called the dominant mode

If both (m = n = 0) ; there is no TE00 mode

If (m =1 & n = 0) TE10; there is Ey, Hx, Hz
1
𝑓𝑐10 =
2𝑎 𝜇𝜀
If (m =0 & n = 1) TE01; there is Ex, Hy, Hz
1
𝑓𝑐01 =
2𝑏 𝜇𝜀
Since a > b, So the dominant mode is TE10
Rectangular Waveguide
Fields inside rectangular waveguide for dominant mode TE10

1
𝑓𝑐10 =
2𝑎 𝜇𝜀
Rectangular Waveguide
Wave parameter of TE mode in Rectangular Waveguide

 The guide wavelength

 The phase velocity

Rectangular Waveguide
Field distribution for different TE modes inside Rectangular Waveguide

x
Ex = Hy= 0
Rectangular Waveguide
Field distribution for different TE modes inside Rectangular Waveguide

x
Ex = Hy= 0
 Rectangular Waveguide
TM mode (Hz=0)

 The reduced Helmholtz equation

 Solved by the method of separation of variables

B.C. can be applied directly to ez:

Rectangular Waveguide

where Bmn is an arbitrary amplitude constant.

 Rectangular Waveguide

 The guide wavelength, propagation constant, and phase velocity for TM modes are also the
same as those for TE modes.
Rectangular Waveguide
Dominant TM mode in Rectangular Waveguide

 There is no TM00, TM01, or TM10 mode

 The dominant Propagation mode is TM11

Rectangular Waveguide
Field distribution for different TM modes inside Rectangular Waveguide

x
Rectangular Waveguide
Field distribution for different TM modes inside Rectangular Waveguide

x
Rectangular Waveguide
Rectangular Waveguide
Rectangular Waveguide
 Example:
Consider a length of Teflon-filled, copper K-band rectangular waveguide having dimensions a = 1.07
cm and b = 0.43 cm. Find the cutoff frequencies of the first five propagating modes. If the operating
frequency is 15 GHz, find the attenuation due to dielectric. (Teflon 𝜀𝑟 = 2.08, tan 𝛿 = 0.0004)
Rectangular Waveguide
The propagation constant for the TE10 mode

The attenuation due to dielectric loss is