VI.

LABORATORY EXAMINATIONS FINDINGS AND INTERPRETATION

Significance or Relevance to
Examination Done Date Results Normal Values Patient’s condition

A large amount of protein in urine may

Protein 70 mg/dL 0 to 14 mg/dL
indicate kidney disease.

Leukocytes in the urine could suggest

leucocytes Traced a kidney infection.

Nitrite Negative Negative results for nitrites indicate there is

no signs of urinary tract infection

A higher than normal number of RBCs in

10/HPF
4/HPF the urine may be due to kidney and
Red cells/high-power
other urinary tract problems.
field

5.0 with specific

4.6 to 8.0 with specific The result for pH is in the normal range.
pH
gravity of 1.011
gravity of
1.002 - 1.030 
Urine sodium 15 mmol/L The result for urine sodium is in normal
range.
<20 mmol/L

Creatinine
211 mg/dL A high serum creatinine level in urine means
0.9 to 1.3 mg/dL that your kidneys aren't working well.

INTERPRETATION:

Protein

Proteins are substances that are essential for your body to function properly. Protein is normally found in the blood. A
protein in urine test measures how much protein is in your urine. If there is a problem with your kidneys, protein can leak
into your urine (Proteinuria). A large amount of protein in urine may indicate kidney disease.
Leucocytes:
Leukocytes are part of the body's immune system. They help the body fight infection and other diseases. Leukocytes
esterase is an enzyme present in most white blood cells. If you do have leukocytes in your urine, your symptoms will vary
 depending on the condition that is causing the leukocytes to build up in your urine. Leukocytes in the urine could suggest
a kidney infection.

Nitrites
A urinalysis, also called a urine test, can detect the presence of nitrites in the urine. Normal urine contains chemicals called
nitrates. If bacteria enter the urinary tract, nitrates can turn into different, similarly named chemicals called nitrites.
Negative results for nitrites indicate there is no signs of urinary tract infection.

Red cells/high-power field

Red blood cells carry oxygen from our lungs to the rest of our bodies. RBC urine test measures the number of red blood cells
in a urine sample. A higher than normal number of RBCs in the urine may be due to kidney and other urinary tract problems.

pH

- pH is a measure of how acidic or alkaline (basic) the urine is. A urine pH test measures the level of acid in urine. It
indicates that the pH level in urine is in the normal range.

Urine sodium

Urine sodium (Na) analysis is usually ordered when it is necessary to distinguish between various forms of renal failure.
The sodium urine test measures the amount of sodium in a certain amount of urine. The result for urine sodium is in
normal range.

Creatinine
 Creatinine is a waste product that comes from the normal wear and tear on muscles of the body. The creatinine urine test
measures the amount of creatinine in urine. This test is done to see how well your kidneys are working. Clearing and
filtering waste products out of your blood are important kidney functions. A high serum creatinine level in urine means
that your kidneys aren't working well.

Significance or Relevance to
Examination Done Date Results Normal Values Patient’s condition

White cells 6500mm3 4,500 - 11,000  The Result for White Cells is in the normal
range
13.5 to 17.5 g/dL

Hemoglobin 17.5 g/dL 14-18 g/dL The result for Hemoglobin is in the normal
concentration range.

Hematocrit 50.8 38.3-48.6 percent The result for hematocrit is in above normal
range.

Platelets 265 000/mm3 150,000 to 400,000

The result for platelets is in normal range.
mm3
Fe Na 0.3% <1%
The result is in normal range.

The result for serum creatinine kinase is in

Serum creatine kinase 3830 U/L 5-130 U/L
above normal range.
(CK)

INTERPRETATION:

White cells

White blood cells are part of the immune system. They help your body fight off infections and other diseases. A
WBC count is a blood test to measure the number of white blood cells (WBCs) in the blood. It indicates that the
WBC result is in the normal range.

Hemoglobin concentration

Hemoglobin is a molecule attached to red blood cells. Hemoglobin helps move oxygen and carbon dioxide
through the body. Hemoglobin test measure the amount of hemoglobin in your red blood cell. It indicates that the
Hemoglobin is in the normal range.

Hematocrit
 Hematocrit is the ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total volume of blood. A hematocrit test is part of a
complete blood count (CBC) measuring the proportion of red blood cells in your blood. The result for hematocrit is in
above normal range.

Platelets

Platelets are tiny blood cells that help your body form clots to stop bleeding. If one of your blood vessels gets damaged,
it sends out signals to the platelets. A platelet count may be used to screen for or diagnose various diseases and
conditions that can cause problems with blood clot formation. The result for platelets is in normal range

Fe Na

Fractional excretion of sodium is the amount of salt (sodium) that leaves the body through urine compared to the
amount filtered and reabsorbed by the kidney. Fractional excretion of sodium (Fe Na) is not a test. Instead it is a
calculation based on the concentrations of sodium and creatinine in the blood and urine. The result of Fe Na is in
normal range.

Serum Creatine kinase (CK)

Serum creatine kinase (CK) levels are commonly used to judge the severity of muscle damage. This test measures the
amount of creatine kinase (CK) in the blood. The result for serum creatinine kinase is in above normal range. Higher
CK levels are associated with greater burden on the kidneys and causing acute renal failure.

Significance or Relevance to
Examination Done Date Results Normal Patient’s condition
 Values
Renal Ultrasound Obstructive uropathy is
found with normal-sized
kidneys (approximately 11 
cm)

Microscopy The presence of hyaline cast and epithelial cells

Casts  indicates damage to tubule cells in the kidney.
one hyaline cast

Epithelial cells 
2 two squamous epithelial
cells.
INTERPRETATION:

Renal Ultrasound

A renal ultrasound is a safe and painless test that uses sound waves to make images of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.
Renal ultrasound showed this excluded obstructive uropathy with normal-sized kidneys of approximately 11 cm.

Microscopy

Part of the urinalysis is the examination of some urine with a microscope. This test used instrument in counting in
conjunction with a microscope. It can see cells from the urinary tract, blood cells, casts and epithelial cells. The
presence of hyaline cast and epithelial cells indicates damage to tubule cells in the kidney.

Examination Done Result Normal Value Significance or Relevance of Patient’s

Condition
 O.84mg/dL- 1.21mg/dL High serum creatinine level means
that kidneys aren't working well.
Also, reflects a reduction in the

glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

INTERPRETATION:
Serum Creatinine

Creatinine is a chemical waste product that's produced by your muscle metabolism and to a smaller extent by eating meat.
Healthy kidneys filter creatinine and other waste products from your blood. A serum creatinine test measures the level of
creatinine in your blood and provides an estimate of how well your kidneys filter (glomerular filtration rate). A creatinine urine
test can measure creatinine in your urine. The increased in creatinine indicates a high serum creatinine level means that your
kidneys aren't working well and also reflects a reduction in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

Examination Done Result Normal Value Significance or Relevance of Patient’s

Condition
 135 mg/dL-145mg/dL The result of the serum sodium in first 5
hours is lower than the normal sodium
level and it indicates certain kidney
diseases. The next succeeding hours are in
normal range.

INDICATION:

Serum Sodium
Sodium is a type of electrolyte. Electrolytes are electrically charged minerals that help maintain fluid levels and the balance of
chemicals in your body called acids and bases. Sodium also helps your nerves and muscles work properly. A sodium blood test may
be part of a test called an electrolyte panel. An electrolyte panel is a blood test that measures sodium. The result of the serum sodium
of the patient in the first 5 hours is decreased than the normal sodium level and it indicates certain kidney diseases. The next
succeeding hours were in normal range.

EXPERIMENT RESULT Normal Value Significance or Relevance of Patient’s

Condition
INTERPRETATION: